2015年重庆市高考英语试题与答案及构词法.doc

C. He had an attention disorderD. He wanted to take the task home37. What do we know about Louis Braille from the passage?A. He had good sightB. He made a great invention.C. He gave up readingD. He learned a lot from school38. What was Mrs. Smith s attitude to the author at the end of the story?A. AngryB. ImpatientC. SympatheticD. Encouraging38. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The disabled should be treated with respect.B.A teacher can open up a new world to students.C. One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.D. Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.BIn ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern businesses have been following his lead, with more tactics（策略）.One tactic involves where to display the goods. Foe example, stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section. They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food（垃圾食品）later in their trip. In department stores, section is generally next to the womens cosmetics(化妆品) section：while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander over cosmetics they might want to try later. Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping, they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day. Music sells goods, too. Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wine went up. When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. They find that customers make decision in the first few second upon walking in the door, and turn it into a business opportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly. When entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the poll through an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses.40. Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section?A. To save customers times. B. To show they are high quality foods.C. To help sell junk food. D. To sell them at discount prices.41. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following encourages customers to buy?A. Opening the store early in the morning.B. Displaying British wines next to French ones.C. Inviting customers to play music.D. Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread.42. What is the California builders story intended to prove?A. The house structure is a key factor customers consider.B. The more costly the house is, the better it sells.C. An ocean view is much to the customers taste.D. A good first impression increases sales 43. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.B. To introduces how businesses have grown from the past.C. To report researches on customer behavior.D. To show dishonest business practices.CJoin the discussionLakeLander 2 hours agoToday, a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading, making many passengers upset. I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaperoutloudonthetrain, I have never had the courage to do it, though.Pak50 57 minutes agoWhy not give it a try? Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument. The late musician DennisBrian is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio. When his request was refused, he took out his French horn(号) and started to practice.Angie OEdema 42 minutes agoI dont see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public. Dont do to others what you wouldnt like to be done to yourself. Once, a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone. I left my seat quietly, giving him some privacy to finish his conversation. He realized this and apologised to me. When his phone rang again later, he left his seat to answer it. You see, a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.Taodas 29 minutes agoI did read my newspaper out loud on a train, and it turned out well. The guy took it in good part, and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.Sophie 76 13minutes agoI have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train, but ,several years ago, I read some chapters from Harry Porter to my bored and noisy children. Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did.44. The passenger made an apology to Angie OEdema because_.A. he offered his seat to someone elseB. he spoke very loudly on his phoneC. he refused to talk with AngieD. he ignored Angies request45. Who once read a newspaper out loud on a train?A. Pak50B. Angie OEdemaC. TaodasD. Sophie7646. What is the discussion mainly about?A. How to react to bad behavior.B. How to kill time on a train.C. How to chat with strangers.D. How to make a phone call.47.Where is the passage most probably taken from?A. A webpage.B. A newspaper. C. A novel. D. A report.DThere are many places to go on safari（观赏野生动物）in Africa, but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswanas Okavango Delta must rank as one of the worlds most exciting wildlife journeys.Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses, professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.The morning ride, when the guides take you to beautiful, shallow lakes full of water lilies, tends to be more active. It is unlike any other riding experience. With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face. It is truly exciting. You are very likely to come across large wild animals, too. On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants, giraffes and many other animals. The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though, as does your heart rate, as you move closer to them.In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace. With golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impressive. As the suns rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life.Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine. Looking back on your day, you will find it hard to deny that a horseback Safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.48. What does the underlined word “They” refer to?A. Flooded watersB. Wildlife journey C. Safari campsD. Unique rides49. What does the author find most exciting about a horse safari?A. Seeing and feeling the real African life.B. Enjoying good food and wine at the camp.C. Hunting large animals just as our ancestors did.D. Being part of the scene and getting close to animals.50. What does the underlined word “sedate” probably mean?A. Wild and romanticB. Slow and peacefulC. Hurry and thirstyD. Active and excited51. The author introduced the riding experience in the OKavango Delta mainly by_.A. Following space orderB. Following time orderC. Making classificationsD. Giving examplesEThe values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from todays popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature,”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.52.According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism?A. It introduces different cultural values.B. It explains the history of artistic works.C. It relates artistic values to local conditions.D. It excites the human mind throughout the world.53.In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that .A. great works of art can go beyond national boundariesB. history gives art works special appeal to set them apartC. popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great artsD. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures54.According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because .A. they are results of scientific studyB. they establish some general principles of artC. they are created by the worlds greatest artistsD. they appeal to unchanging features of human nature55.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A. Are Artistic Values Universal?B. Are Popular Arts Permanent?C. Is Human Nature Uniform?D. Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?四、写作（共两个写作任务，满分35分）写作一（满分15分）请就以下话题，按要求用英文写作。If you could give your younger self one piece of advice, what would you say?要求：（1）作出回答并说出理由；（2）词数不少于60；（3）在答题卡上做答。写作二（满分20分）Bookcrossing. com是一个面向全球的图书分享网站。该网站组织的分享活动有两种参与方式：一是自由分享（wild release），即把书放在指定地点，由其他参与者自由获取；二是定向分享（controlled release），即直接传递给另一位参与者。假设你是李华，请用英文写信申请参加。内容应包括：表明写信目的选择一种分享方式简述作出该选择的理由希望了解更多信息注意：（1）词数不少于80；（2）在答题卡上做答（3）书信格式及开头已给出（不计入总词数）重庆市2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语参考答案一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.D二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）16.B 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.D 21.B 22.C 23.C 24.C 25.D 26.D 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.B 31.D 32.C 33.A 34.D 35.B三、阅读理解（共20小题；每小题32分， 满分40分）36.C 37.B 38.D 39.C 40.C 41.D 42.D 43.A 44.B 45.C 46.A 47.A 48.C 49.D 50.B 51.B 52.C 53.A 54.D 55.A四、写作（共两个写作任务，满分35分）略2015年高考英语试题（课标I卷）词汇总体解剖分析表【试题总词汇：2800个（不包括数字，标点等非英语字符）净词汇（去除重复单词）：1021个】年级分类初中词汇（个）高中词汇（个）总计合成词 81018派生词 223759词尾词17045215专有名词及缩写词 5353课标词 513104617超标本词5959总计（去重）76625510212015年高考英语试题（课标II卷）词汇总体解剖分析表【试题总词汇：3060个（不包括数字，标点等非英语字符；含听力）净词汇（去除重复单词）：941个】年级分类初中词汇（个）高中词汇（个）总计合成词 51217派生词 222244词尾词17642218专有名词及缩写词 3131课标词50395597超标本词3333总计（去重）737204941（以上数据由 “题汇精灵”软件提供）注：高中英语电子审题管理系统（题汇精灵）是山东省2014年中小学幼儿园电教软件推荐目录产品。编号：100-3-1.在今年的试题中，1.派生词如: watery, juicy; retiree, exporter; gratefulness, brightness，betrayal, recreational, unfailingly(永恒地；确实) ，prehistoric, skinny, discontinued,等关系到常见前后缀-er, -ee, -y, pre-,-ness, -al, dis-, un- 等的用法。2. 合成词downsize, intake, overeating, self-conscious, best-built, mealtimes, homemaker, getaway(短假), masterworks, one-bedroom, red-painted, showman, sunsets等关系到合成词的构词方法。派生词与合成词的多少对试题的难度有很大影响，这是平时教学中应该引起重视的词汇或语法项目。那么怎样掌握这些由构词法变化而来的课标词汇呢？高考英语课标I卷、II卷是近两年很多省份就要采用的试题卷。通过对课标I卷、II卷的词汇分析希望大家对构词法引起充分重视。并且此处为大家提供掌握构词法和英语3500词汇的一本即将上市的书构词难句晨读（暂定名）。下面是摘录的部分内容，供大家欣赏。周斌高中英语试题评审中心 课标教材试题词汇研委会Module One 词篇 (Word section)篇首语：你能正确地给动词加-er,-or表示动作的执行者吗？-er,-or怎么区别？怎样利用高中考纲词汇和所学语法自由构词表达？Thought-expressing freely is super-easy.(自由表达太容易了。)，像Thought-expressing一样的非谓语动词合成词有什么构词规律？像super-easy的合成词在高考题中出现了多少？本篇将为你一一解答。Unit 1资料分析 (Data analysis)Part试题 (Test questions)项目省份2014年全国部分省市高考英语试题中出现的派生词、合成词统计表总词汇量净词量（去掉重复单词）派生词合成词（派生+合成）/净词汇量全国课标卷I2818951初36+高42=78初3+高12=159.8%全国课标卷II2908901初29+高19=48初5+高6=116.5%重庆31031050初33+高38=71初4+高10=148.1%北京34671086初18+高33=51初2+高19=216.6%天津34111086初22+高36=58初3+高16=197.1%湖北39731252初39 +高52 =91初1 +高8 =98.0%浙江43361383初37+高62 =107初3+高43=4611%江苏41691233初36+高75 =111初1+高22 =2311%上海43281260初40+高69 =109初5+高19=2411%（以上数据由“题汇精灵”软件提供）从以上数据可以看出，派生、合成词占净词汇的十分之一左右，因此派生词、合成词是阅读理解中必须重视的词汇。这些词汇的多少基本上能反映该套试题的难易程度。Part 考纲 (Exam syllabus)考纲对词汇的要求以及全国课标卷考试说明对语言知识的要求为“要求考生了解和掌握普通高中英语课程标准（实验）附录中所列出的各项内容，包括语音项目、语法项目、功能意念项目、话题项目和词汇。”普通高中英语课程标准（实验）附录五的词汇表中列出单词约3500个，在“说明”的第五条“部分可根据构词法推导出的副词、名词等不单列”，但是没有具体列出有哪些前缀、后缀的构词法需要掌握。然而在各省市的考纲以及考试说明中对构词法要求有明确体现。如北京考试说明中列出的派生词前后缀是42个（-er, -or, -ist，-ize，en-,un-等）,天津43个，重庆25个，上海74个。Part 教材 (English textbooks)人教版九年级全一册Unit13语法中，构词法列举了前后缀共19个。人教版高中英语教材必修四Unit5的构词法中，共列举40个。外研版初中英语教材初三上册Module 6讲解前后缀共8个。初三下册Module10有前后缀29个。外研版高中英语教材选修七Module 1主要讲了名词+后缀构成形容词的10个后缀。Unit 2实例讲练 (Example-based exercises)（以下【应知】【须知】中的单词均来自于2000-2014年全国各省市高考英语试卷原题）Group 1 第一组 -er, -or, -ist, -ar, -ant, -ance， -ence第一课时（The first period）(一)-er 加在动词、名词、形容词后，构成名词，表示“人与物”【熟知】worker， teacher， driver, runner, leader, reader，computer, ruler, winner, sharpener, eraser, scorer, renter【应知】(1) 动词+er 表示完成该动作的人（或物）dresser（化妆台,剧组的服装员）, drawer（抽屉；起草者）, opener（开启工具）, riser,（起床者；起义者） laughter（笑声）, double-decker（双层电汽车）, dishwasher（洗碗工；洗碟机）, programmer（程序设计者；订计划者）, babysitter（临时照顾幼儿者）, slipper（拖鞋）, rejecter（拒绝者）, shoplifter（商店盗贼）, dryer（烘干机）, sight-seer（观光者）, sneezer(打喷嚏者)，skipper（跳跃者），cautioner(警告者)， avenger(报复者)， appetizer(开胃品), assurer（保证人）, borrower（借钱人；借用者）, giver（给予者）, buyer（买主）, shopper(购物者), camper（露营者）, comer（来者）, goer（走的很快的人/物）, loser（失败者）, filler（填塞物）, keeper（保管人；饲养员）, maker（制造者）, helper（帮手）, labourer（工人）, outsider（局外人）, sticker（张贴物；坚持不懈的人）, starter（开胃小吃；开始者）, rider（骑手）, follower（追随者）, admirer（崇拜者）, adviser（劝告者）, timer（计时器）, part-timer（兼职的人）, caller（呼叫者）, grower（种植者）, bringer（带来的人）, taker（收取者；接收者）, preschooler（学龄前儿童）, grader（分级机）, marker（标记；阅卷人）, changer（改变者）, eater（吃人）, leaver（离开者）, diver（潜水员；跳水员）, reminder（提醒的东西）, sleeper（睡觉的人）, teller（叙述者）, bystander（旁观者）, onlooker（旁观者；目击者）, questioner（发问者）, watcher(观看的人), sender（寄件人）, flyer（飞行物；传单）, receiver(听筒；收款人；接受者)，planner（规划者）【须知】. 英译汉1.picker_ 2. experimenter_ 3.speeder_ 4.worrier_ 5.informer_ 6.backpacker_ 7.birdwatcher_ 8.breadwinner_ 9.earner_ 10.chatter_ 11.loudspeaker_ 12.mailer_ 13.boxer_ 14.disturber_ 15.doubter_ 16.feeder_ 17._ice-skater 18.skier_ 19.conditioner_ 20.air-conditioner_ 21.forecaster_ 22. scratcher_ 23.commander_ 24.comforter_ 25.cashier_ 26. boiler_ 27. charger_ 28.breaker_ 29. carer=caregiver_ 30.entertainer_ 31.wrestler_ 32.servicer_ 33.server_ 34.baker_ 35.pensioner_ 36.offerer _ 37.adventurer_ 38.carrier_ 39. talker_ 40. doer_ 答案：1. 采摘者 2. 实验者 3. 调速器；违章超速司机 4. 发愁的人 5. 通知者 6. 背着背包徒步旅行的人 7. 野鸟观察者；鸟类观察家 8. 养家糊口的人 9. 挣钱人 10. 闲聊；动物的啁啾声；潺潺流水声 11. 喇叭 12. 邮寄者 13. 拳击手 14. 打扰者 15. 怀疑论者 16. 饲养员 17. 滑冰者 18. 滑雪者 19. 调节器 20. 空调 21. 预报员 22. 抓扒者；抓扒工具 23. 指挥官 24. 安慰者 25. 收银员；出纳员 26. 烧水壶 27. 索要者;充电器 28. 破坏者 29. 护工 30. 表演者；款待者 31. 摔跤选手 32. 燃料加注车；导弹发射服务车 33. 服务器；侍者 34. 面包师；烤炉 35. 领养老金或抚恤金的人 36. 提供者 37. 冒险者 38. 搬运人；搬运器 39. 讲话者；空谈者 40. 实干家 （中间省略了几页内容）（记忆：拒绝租借滑冰鞋做实验）其他带-or的人物：author（作者）, ancestor（祖先）, advisor（顾问）,emperor（皇帝）, ambassador(大使)，governor（省长）, contributor（贡献者）, sponsor（发动者=sponser）,bachelor（单身汉）, warrior(武士)，aggressor（侵略者）, professor（教授）,tutor（辅导老师）, tailor（裁缝）, razor（剃须刀）, sculptor(雕刻师), sailor（水手）, survivor（幸存者）, 2 -ist: -ist加在名词词尾，代表“喜爱，精通，献身于前面所指的名词的人，信仰的人”，属于专家类型的人。而-er, or属于工与匠，技工和专业技术人员(如worker, teacher)，但不属于研究型的专家(如specialist, scientist，socialist) 。 3 -ician, -ican: 加在字尾为 -ic/ -ia 的词尾，代表“具有前面名词属性的人”（如：American, Australian）典型对比： technologist(精通技术的人,技术专家)technician(有技术的人,技工、演奏家） exhibitionist(好自我表现者,有裸露癖者) exhibitor(展出者，参展商)当专家的理论和技术得到普及，专家和普通技工就没有区别了： bicyclist/cyclist=bicycler/biker=wheeler; motorist=driver9.(2014湖南)A classic one for vacation _(策划者) is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components（组成部分）10.(2014上海)The _(创造者) of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms, says Arthur Pointeau, a _(程序设计者) with the project.11.(2014天津)The video exchange between signer and _(接收者) can be recorded on DVD for proof when legal documents are used. 12.(2014重庆) Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains，Corbett is home to about 135 Beng