2017年高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 unit 1 great scientists课件 新人教版必修5【更多资料关注@高中学习资料库 】

路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,走向高考 英语,人教版 高考总复习,Unit 1Great Scientists,必修五,第一部分基础知识聚焦,.单词速记A快速识记1. _ n特征；特性2_ vt.& n连接；联系3_ n柄；把手vt.处理；操纵4_ vt.责备；谴责n过失；责备5_ vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n失败6_ vt.分析_ n分析7. _ v捐献；贡献；捐助_ n贡献8_ v结束；推断出_ n结论；结束,characteristic,link,handle,blame,defeat,analyze,analysis,contribute,contribution,conclude,conclusion,9_ adj.热情的；热心的_ n热情；热心10. _ vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光_ n暴露；曝光11_ vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃_ n拒绝；抑制；驳回12_ vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加_ n出席者；参与人员13_ n挑战vt.向挑战_ adj.挑战的；具有挑战性的,enthusiastic,enthusiasm,expose,exposure,reject,rejection,attend,attendee,challenge,challenging,14_ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心_ adj.被吸收的；全神贯注的15_ vt.污染；弄脏_ n污染_ adj.受污染的；被玷污的16_ vt.认为；怀疑n被怀疑者；嫌疑犯_ adj.值得怀疑的；可疑的17_ vt.宣布；通告_ n公告；宣告；通告_ n播音员；广播员18_ adj.小心的；谨慎的_ n小心；谨慎_ n谨慎；注意；警示,absorb,absorbed,pollute,pollution,polluted,suspect,suspectable/suspicious,announce,announcement,announcer,cautious,cautiousness,caution,19_ adj.积极的；肯定的_ n积极性(反义词)_ adj.消极的；否定的20_ n治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗_ adj.可治愈的；可医治的(反义词)_ adj.不能治愈的；无可救药的,positive,positivity,negative,cure,curable,incurable,B归类巧记1“照看/照顾某人”的多种表达attend (to/on/upon) sb.care for sb.take care of sb.look after sb.,2表示“观点；态度”的高频形容词荟萃positive积极的subjective 主观的neutral 中立的objective 客观的negative 消极的critical 批评的doubtful 怀疑的approving 满意的,3ic后缀形容词面面观sciencescientific 科学的enthusiasmenthusiastic 热情的energyenergetic 精力充沛的dramadramatic 戏剧(性)的sympathysympathetic 同情的romanceromantic 浪漫的,4名词用作动词的高频词汇集锦handle n把手vt.处理nurse n护士vt.护理；照顾face n脸vt.面对head n头vi.前往address n地址；住处vt.在写上地址；对发表演说,.高频短语1提出_2得出结论_3使显露；暴露_4将和联系/连接起来_5除之外；此外_6对严格_7讲得通；有意义_8有助于；促成；导致_9引起；造成；导致_,put forward,draw a conclusion,expose.to,link.to.,apart from (aside from/in addition to),be strict with,make sense,contribute to,lead to,10感染上；传染上_11专心于；全神贯注于_12该受责备；应承担责任_13阻止/防止免受_14做某事很积极_15作进一步的调查_16热衷于；对充满热情_17调查_18之后不久_19慢下来；放慢速度_20与有关_,get/be infected with,be absorbed in,be to blame,prevent.from.,be positive in doing sth.,make further investigations,be enthusiastic about,look into,soon afterwards (shortly after),slow down,be linked to(be related to),.佳句填空1So many thousands of _(terrify)people died every time there was _ outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。2It seemed that the water _ _ _.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了。3Only _ you put the sun there _ the movements of other planets in the sky _ _.只有当你把太阳放在中心的位置上，天空中其他行星的位置才说得清。,4He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets _(go)round it and only the moon still going round _ earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。5Many retired people can still _ _ society with _ rich experience.许多退休的老人还能用他们丰富的经验为社会作贡献。答案：1.terrified; an2.was to blame3.if; did; make sense4.going; the5. contribute to; their,.语法过关过去分词作定语和表语1Children above 16 are encouraged to take part in these activities specially _(design) for them.答案：designed考查非谓语动词。句意为：16岁以上的孩子应参加一些专门为他们设计的活动。activities与design之间为被动关系，因此用designed作后置定语。,2The jobless rate remains _(stick) at 9.6 percent, and the president says more work is needed.答案：stuck考查过去分词作表语。句意为：失业率仍然停留在9.6%，总统表示，还需要更多的努力。此处为过去分词作表语，remain为系动词。注意stuck已经形容词化，表示“卡住的，无法移动的，动不了的”。,3Ang Lees new film Life of Pi is based on a fantasy adventure novel by Yann Martel _(publish) in 2001.答案：published考查非谓语动词。题干中的a fantasy adventure novel与publish之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词published作后置定语表示完成和被动之意，相当于定语从句that/which was published。,4A special dance _(call) horse dance becomes so hot that many famous people cant help copying that.答案：called考查非谓语动词。句意为：一种被叫做骑马舞的特殊舞蹈变得如此流行，以至于许多名人都情不自禁地去模仿它。call与A special dance之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用call的过去分词形式，另外“_ horse dance”可以转化为定语从句“which/that is called horse dance”。5The county, _(locate) in the north of Shanxi, has a history of more than 1,400 years.答案：located本题考查过去分词作定语。此处应用过去分词短语作定语，修饰The county。,.语篇填空First he marked on a map the exact places _ all the dead people had lived. This gave him _ valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the _(dead) were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made _(far) investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They bad been given free beer and so had not drunk the water _ the pump. It seemed that the water was _(blame),Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that _ came from the river _(pollute) by the dirty water from London. _ immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera _(spread) by germs and not in a cloud of gas.答案：whereadeathsfurtherfromto blameitpollutedHewas spread,1.attend vt. 出席；参加；照顾；护理归纳拓展attend school/church/a lecture/a meeting/a wedding/a party上学/去教堂/听演讲/出席会议/出席婚礼/参加晚会attend to sb.照顾/护理某人；接待某人attend to sth.(see to sth.deal with sth.)处理某事,I cant go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing _ _ _.今晚我不能与你一起外出，因为我有一件急事要处理。答案：to attend a summer schoolattended on/upon/toto attend to,2expose vt. 揭露；暴露；使遭受；使曝光归纳拓展expose sth.揭露；揭发expose sb./sth. to .使某人体验/某物暴露于be exposed to . 接触到；被暴露于,It is generally believed that _ _(expose) to radiation is rather dangerous.普遍认为暴露在辐射环境里会很危险。答案：tois exposedbeing exposed,3absorb vt. 吸收(液体、气体等)；吸引(注意)；使专心归纳拓展absorb sth.吸收(光、热等)absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力absorb . into . 把吸入/并入be absorbed in . 全神贯注于；专心致志于,(2)一句多译。汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她这件事。Tom _ _ _ _ _ _ that he forgot to inform her of it._ _ _ _ _ _ _ that he forgot to inform her of it.(改为含so . that .的倒装句)_ _ _ _， Tom forgot to inform her of it.(用过去分词短语作状语),答案：(1)have been absorbedabsorbed many experts attention(2)was so absorbed in his workSo absorbed was Tom in his workAbsorbed in his work,4blame vt. 指责；责怪；归咎于n. 责备；责任；过失归纳拓展be to blame应该受到责备(不定式的主动式表被动)the one to blame应该受到责备的那个人blame . on . 把某事归咎于blame sb. for doing sth.因做某事责备某人take/bear the blame for承担(对坏事应负的)责任put/lay the blame on sb.把责任归咎于某人,The police had figured out the cause of the traffic accident and it was the driver of lorry that should be to blame.The police had figured out the cause of the traffic accident and it was the driver of lorry that should _ _ _ _ it.警方已经查明这起交通事故的起因，是那位卡车司机应为此事负责。Dont always blame your own failure _ others. Sometimes you yourself are _ _(blame)不要总把失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。,_(blame) for the breakdown of the computer systems, he was in low spirits.因电脑系统发生故障受到责备，他情绪低落。答案：blamingtake the blame for(be responsible for)on; to blameBlamed,5defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫辨析defeat/beat/win,答案：defeatedbeatwin,6cure n. 治愈；疗法vt. 治愈；治疗归纳拓展cure sb. of sth.治好某人的(疾病/坏习惯等)a cure for sth.治疗的方法,答案：cure for；cured of,7link vt. 连接n. 联系归纳拓展link . to . 把与连起来类似表达方式：be related to, be connected with, be associated with,The police suspected that _ _ _ _ _between the two murders.警方怀疑这两起谋杀案可能有联系。答案：linked the accident to speed drivingare closely linked togetherthere may be a link,8contribute vt. & vi.捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿归纳拓展(1)contribute.to.为捐献；投稿contribute to有助于；促进；导致；对做贡献(2)contribution n贡献，捐献make a contribution/contributions to/towards.为做贡献,She _ an article _ our magazine.她给我们的杂志投了一篇稿子。Everyone should _ _ _ _ _ the environment.每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。答案：contributed；tocontribute tocontributed; tomake a contribution to protecting,1.put forward提出；推荐归纳拓展put up举起；张贴put down 放下；写下；镇压put on weight增重put aside 放在一边；留出put up with忍受；容忍put off推迟put on穿上；上演put out扑灭,答案：put outhad put on weightput offput onput upput up with,2make sense讲得通；有意义归纳拓展make sense of理解；明白a sense of humor/duty/beauty/direction幽默感/责任感/美感/方向感common sense常识in a/one sense在某种意义上；在一定程度上There is no sense(point)in doing sth.做某事无意义,Dogs _ _ _ _ _ _ _and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.狗有很好的嗅觉，经常被用于搜寻地震中的幸存者。As far as Im concerned, there is no sense _ _ upset about it now.就我而言，现在为这事苦恼是没有意义的。答案：make sensemakes no sensehave a very good sense of smellin getting,3be strict with对严格的归纳拓展be strict with sb.对某人严格要求be strict in sth./in doing sth.对(做)某事严格要求类似表达方式：be angry with sb.生某人的气be angry at/about sth.因某事而生气be tired of厌恶；厌倦,be tired with/from因而疲倦be good at擅长be good for对有益be late for迟到be hard on sb.对某人苛刻be hard at work勤奋工作,Li Ming is strict with herself and _ her work and daily life. She is never _ for school, nor is she _ of her duty as a monitor. She is _ to every classmate and always ready to help others. She sets us all a good example.答案：goodhardinlatetiredgood/kind,1.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次暴发霍乱时，都有成千上万的惊恐的老百姓病死。本句中的every time意为“每次”，作连词，引导时间状语从句。归纳拓展名词词组the first time, last time, each time, the moment, the instant, the minute, the day等均可作连词使用，引导时间状语从句。,答案：the momentthe first timeevery time,2Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的起因，也不知道它的治疗方法。本句中的neither . nor .连接两个并列成分。归纳拓展neither . nor .连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则。类似的还有：not only . but also ., either . or ., not . but .等。,答案：wasisare,答案：connected本题考查非谓语动词。句意：对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。connected是形容词，意为“有联系的，有来往的”，符合句意。stay connected是“stay形容词化的过去分词”构成的系表结构。本题中的staying connected和keeping in touch表达同一个意思。,答案：returned本题考查非谓语动词。句意：生产商定期来收回那些因为质量问题而被退回到我们商店的照相机。return此处意为“退回”，cameras与return之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成的动作。,答案：with句意：当小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要以重点而结束。,答案：To stay考查非谓语动词。句意：为了在晚上保持温暖，我会往炉子里添柴，并把闹钟定到午夜以便我可以起来给炉火添柴。to stay为不定式在句中作目的状语。,答案：following考查with的复合结构。句意：这对老夫妇经常在晚饭后带着他们的宠物狗在公园里散步。在with的复合结构中，宾语their pet dog与宾语补足语之间为主动关系，故用following作宾语补足语。,答案：To find本题考查非谓语动词。句意：我希望能上电脑课。好主意。要想了解更多，浏览这个网站。动词不定式放于句首，作目的状语，符合语境。,答案：A; the考查冠词。句意：12月6日，一位73岁的妇女死于呼吸衰竭，她被确诊携带H10N8病毒。第一空填不定冠词表泛指；第二空填定冠词表特指。,答案：exposed考查非谓语动词。句意：处理该化学物质时一定要小心，因为暴露在阳光下，它会爆炸。when后省略了句子的主语it(this chemical)和动词be的形式is，所以填exposed。,答案：unless考查连词。句意：一些老师抱怨说“许多孩子没有任何爱好，除非你把打电脑游戏叫做一项爱好”。,答案：made考查非谓语动词作后置定语。观察句子结构，不难发现句子已经有了谓语has had effect on，故应填入非谓语动词。make与speech构成被动关系，结合时间状语so far，故选过去分词，即表被动又表完成。句意：老实说，迄今为止，这是对我最有影响的演讲。,答案：where考查学生对定语从句关系代词、关系副词的掌握情况。句意：用来种庄稼的土地养活的人口数量比放牧牲口的土地所供养的人口数量要多五倍。先行词为land，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。,答案：that 本题考查定语从句。句意：请把所有申请这个职位的选手的信息发给我们。先行词为information在定语从句中充当动词have的宾语，且前有all修饰，故只能用that。,答案：absorbed考查非谓语动词。句意：当他三个小时后回来时，他们仍坐在沙发上，聚精会神地交谈。be absorbed in为固定搭配，意为“专心于”，所以此处应用absorb的过去分词形式，作伴随状语。,答案：to blame问句句意：谁要为发生在美国电影院的枪击案负责？be to blame为固定短语，意为“该受责备”。本身为被动含义，不用于被动语态。,答案：Reducing句意：缩小贫富之间的差距是这届政府面临的主要挑战之一。,4It can be foreseen that an organization will be set up so as to _ _ _ _ _(调查这起交通事故)5Every time he went there, he hoped to find solutions to _ _ _ _ _(治愈他的疾病)6_ _ _ _ _ _(只有当他知道结果时) will he believe me.7The experts suggested that _ _ _ _(应该采取措施) to handle the water pollution immediately.,8Some supporting evidence has been found from two other deaths _ _ _ _ _ _(与这种病相关的)9The drinking water _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(已经改善了很多以致人们不再担心) the factories in the neighborhood.10_ _ _ _(已经宣布了) that two suspects were arrested in the area on the day of the robbery.,答案：1.put forward2.are strict with him in his study3.It can be said with certainty that 4.look into the traffic accident5.curing him of his disease6.Only when he knows the result7.measures should be taken8.li