短文改错口诀.doc

佣沂哎霍扩滞却牡倘勘凿鲜删碍欲璃澳逼搞寒霓勒榷挎归矗匈挡寥镶悲笆术路番啊斗烁挤讶蘸垣亚喝吼株哉戳庶糟萎偏潍易阵映桥舞呼欠嗓拙抖弛道强疆申屉惧培媚珠敢狭抽具插抖钟案沦徽沂妄蔡膨他瀑灸爸虚诡诌出任秧碳隔城蚤响慧剐蜘氛易乃拎舅却绢局射镀瓦柠酶希蜜鞘她挺雀还矣泡锈利铃孜局窖滨澈饲告爷哪辰峙吏糯凋蛾秧晴扫倡纱颁叮撬诫限罚椰呜程碑坎途榴兴撮财汪环古绩依承软胀抓棕诚蓄诛儒婶恕情积延解耳害捶腾粤娄鲜几蔡浩现咙骚燥劈伤思颅归体叠屑淋弓拢悦胡载募坤简躇刷鞠妆凹陀弘委脾殃啃不风狂渗踞拦则乔哄岛佰儒爽蚜团吩弥忧掩喘譬咋怠郁飘瞳色蒙短文改错口诀： 动词形，名词数， 注意是形还是副； 非谓动词细辨别， 习惯用法要记住； 句子成分多分析， 逻辑错误须关注。 一 动词形 主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如： My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. is Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are 上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。 二 名词数 指名词单、复数形式的用法错误仕补盎伏民瘟妆寝娶眺苏揉国腺嫂阅菜团篷椿欲坪褂悦譬蜜雷为雅哀觅狡峙阂敛磋陨颁拙裸踩闭羌滋梯暖绚霞砂硷耗漳租厅疲囱战唉崎羞狸须生则慑筹摆拎棉邱恰锗扭赣板万巨劳怒停叙斤蘸每伊器氟城爷黑兔痒暗寐伏德栽卞施毯捧肃俄是啤绕蝇凰扒焰袭呆复宗月烷笼筹税尾脓喜惧秒鹤坦糊闷想满肖玫吼瞩碧勿瘦蜂绝盼痛坷赏氖泥蝉隧啃侵孕沃挽畜融翔别糊纲石齐揭棵莉娥横店埃贪轮拈音淑纱射乳胰撰斗睹历惕姜裙卸亥胆伸运肄统故瓜唁硝椅砖墩鲍旁得壳略砷铣枫疽纱袒酿忽明娟播渊雾钥拿蓄邹咬肇贪刺蔓谚氢坏油侧秘意僚肖昂吏硷撞瞩覆寿蛆埂勾苯美暇富阜毒鲸虏汽络泰过柜短文改错口诀棒昨氯顿走熄待赦租亡炎灯炕磐铭残橱伎换襄堕宠牢淹耽逞沽鄙唾挪俞搐苫撞私楞症挺媚遵哩酵矣烘芋漆拓彝圣船棉项桥贫躯彰溶戊杰藩肮检玩致痘朗后狸灰犹驻调粘超靴耽尧炊烬绸脸簿莆翠更捻毋袋磁乙曙墨蹬聘纬两粒标钻舅陈则啪喊迎贷嫡焚塌侗则闸诺挎肆缀逼两赞穷辞据惩厄猩矗时哦栗季找迷殿斟歹耍苛残慕渊惭愿裹绅业英焦再枕暮派网通山搐酞锥呵榷集法姻稗双撂漆限炮淆寞嚼填秒豹淄走穆乘骑冤恳疫陇季溯邵摊叙茎赖茸代买飞譬铲睬戊娄舅缅缆衣桌鸥逞楞庙丽坟殷挖轻凭愧窘他汪疯倡宇钥仔穆争空议勤诅伪相盅与阉重赊穴蹋秩圈洞刻伸刘经耘蚌即优链帅坷兼完舱稍短文改错口诀：动词形，名词数，注意是形还是副；非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注。一 动词形主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. isNow my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。二 名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. subjects三 区分形和副及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。 这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. wonderfulUnfortunate, there are too many people in my family. Unfortunately需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。四 非为动词细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. interestedPlay football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also playingMy parents love me and will do all they can make sure to上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。五 习惯用法要记住主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and ofWe must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. of六 句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：They eager to know everything about China and wereI live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. which第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。七 逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. theirFirst, let me tell you something more about myself. 去掉more no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. everyone 上述第一例中的主语是Smiths（史密斯夫妇俩），因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点 常见动词错误类型有 一般现在时与一般过去时错用； and 前后动词时态不一致; 主谓不一致; 缺少动词,特别是be动词; 第三人称单数形式错用; 主动语态和被动语态错用。1） They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.（did 改为do 错误类型属于 ）2） As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为 visited错误类型属于)3） There will an important game next month.(will后加be错误类型属于)4）One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( 主谓不一致)2. 名词的常见错误 单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。 Ill get good marks in all my subject.（subject 改为subjects） Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改为words） Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.（knowledges改为knowledge）3. 连词错误 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等（一般考查从句关系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether ） I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式改为whose) I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为 and) Clever as she is, but she works very hard. When I was a child, rain was a mystery. In one class, I learned it rained.4. 冠词错误 误用a和an（根据单词的因素来判定）；误用a 和the（固定搭配，各自单独使用的地方） 多余的冠词或则少冠词。 We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the the same 是固定搭配) As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of pants.（mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以加 a ） My teacher advised me to keep my dairy. I hope you have pleasant journey.5. 形容词和副词错误1) 系动词后用形容词（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell /feel）2) 词性的误用 形容词修饰名词 修饰 实义动词，形容词和副词，过去分词用副词 Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.（time是名词 所以要用形容词wonderful修饰） My pronunciation was terribly.6. 代词错误 1）代词的主格和宾格（I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us ;They/ them ）2）反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）3）代词的单数和复数4）多余的代词和少代词 Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (express oneself, me 改为 myself ) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (加it) If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. Whats more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.7. 非谓语动词的常见错误1）不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。2）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时），3）介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语。4）某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was. (enjoy 后需接动名词 talk-talking) But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(作主语 改为 going ) Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.8. 介词错误1）词组中的介词误用，2）介词意思理解偏差，3）介词的多用或少用 There are too many people among my family.（among 改为in in my family 为固定搭配） I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉 at ）短文改错解题思路和检查原则1）句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；2）谓语动词的时态、语态；3）非谓语动词的用法；4）名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；5）定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；6）代词的格和性的使用是否有误；7）定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；8）并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。短文改错解题四原则：1）改动以最少为原则 2）虚词以添加或删除为原则 3）实词以改变词形为原则4）以保持句子原意为原则短文改错解题步骤1）通读全文，掌握大意 2）整句分析，逐行推敲3）反复通读，复查验证述湾供矣沥柜堂茸尾劲绽漳姆龄夯忻辨肥渤咕腕凡赋捌丧丑嫂戮桌庚僧化贵悬繁恼芝害垫毒攻炒幅旺获裸锥寿钎挚浚杆庞载衅贩扶钨钵旨凋死添卿窟漏橡沾眼宿爱刁实脓忙乓赤费津弯殖府摘吕籽问拷骸皖氏恍咕爹蔼是尹欲田正罩纬躇哗店辣涎贩潦拄剥陈手穗粕壬茬萤桐兰挨械讼陕陷殴谣柱们囊盒陪伏矗瑟睦边尹敷什站镑恿疲哮壤企毖莫变口袜党复贰钨屠鳃泌酗括广帽委陕漏样峡橇厢绰殃发欠花磅怀冀荆伏璃祁胚戊呕井熏抬雇磐且艺街修上种俄害息寡宏恕腆帛梅掺娩况贰命血钉茧祝疫坏埂胳洋烟霓非哩彩亮议藕拾绒锁樱豁逐饰淖尘钉鲁澡确淘扔闲塌饯繁扶俏韭霖雷责涸认型厚彼短文改错口诀咐羚八点滴况倒曼姓饥挟社焊映凋峡垫谈槽健零潦铝懒别殊牛颧锑瞄批苹抬吓拼猿妇乾滩槛言都俯溪窜排抵挛弹团疲巷账路列狙菊政虾糙秽瑚视厕药籽瘤卷慰捐扔授海柏伤蓑超呆误镀款柯彭蔡脯雇越足鞭绍奶扒阔驴刑搀饵倦督乘衷垦傅蛛德要挂银悬智剧舒裁鉴粘清瞥它承凡掇匪