英语教学PPT汽车的历史.ppt

汽车的历史automobilehistory 2 automobilehistory firstautomobiledevelopedin1860 sineurope by1900carsgainingsomereliability allcarsarehandmadecosting 10 000 00henryford sbetterideas interchangeablepartsmassproductionusinganassemblyline 3 massproductionofautomobiles massproductionreducesthecostofautomobilesto 200 00 therearenow200 000 000vehiclesintheu s alone 4 fourbasicpartsofvehicles engineorpowerplantchassisorframeworkdrivetrainbody 5 enginesystems compressionsystemvalvetrainfuelsystemignitionsystemlubricatingsystemcoolingsystem startingsystemchargingsystememissioncontrolsexhaustsystem 6 engineblock head s compressionsystemlowerendharnessesthepowerofburninggasolinevalvetraintopendletsinandoutthefuelchargestobeburned 7 fuelsystem oldcarsusedacarburetedsystem carsnowusefuelinjection thepurposeofthefuelsystemistostore moveanddeliverthefuelandairintheproperproportiontotheengine 8 ignitionsystem ignitionsystemsareelectronicallycomputercontrolledthepurposeistodeliverahighvoltagespark 20 000volts tocylindersattherighttimetoignitethefuel sparkplugs wires coil distributor coilpack 9 computer recentinnovationcontrolsfuel ignition emissionsuspension 10 lubricationsystem forcefeedorpressurefedsystemviaanoilpumpprovideslubricationandprotectionforallthemetalpartsinsidetheengineoilpump pangalleries 11 coolingsystem liquidcooledsystemprovidesprotectionfromtheexcessiveheatwhichbuildsupinsidethecylinderradiator waterjacket hoses thermostat heatercore fan 12 startingsystem usesabatteryandelectricstartingmotor crankingmotor tocrankovertheengineforstartingbatterycrankingmotorsolenoidkeyswitchwires 13 chargingsystem thechargingsystemhastwofunctions 1 torechargethebatteryafterstarting 2 toprovidealltheelectricityforthevehiclewhiletheengineisrunning thebatteryprovidespowerwhiletheengineisnotrunningbattery alternator voltageregulator 14 exhaustsystem removesgasesfromenginequietsvehicleprovidesbackpressureexhaustmanifoldcrossovertailpipemufflerresonator 15 emissioncontrols tocleanuptheairpollutioncausedbytheautomobile captureanyvaporwhichmightescapethethefueltankandenginescrankcase cleanupexhaustforanyunburntfuel carbonmonoxide oroxidesofnitrogen manytypesofdevicesareemployed pcv catalyticconvertor gascap egr 16 fueltankvaporrecovery capturesthevaporofgasolinefromthefueltank thecharcoalcanisterholdsthem whentheenginerunsthevaporsaresuckedintotheengineandburned 17 catalyticconverter oneofthemostimportantemissioncontrolsonthecar literallyburnsuppollutionintheexhaustsystem 18 automobilebodies mostmadeofstampedsteelpartsafewcarsmadeofaluminum nsxcadillacallenta someusecompositematerials saturnorgmminivan 19 chassisorframe underlyingstructureofallvehiclesthreetypesofframe 1 fullframe2 unitizedframecalledunibody3 spaceframe 20 fullframechassis usesweldedsteelalloymetalc channelorboxframeconstructionnoteenginecradleinfrontandrearaxlehumpinrearusedonlargecarsandmostalltrucksbodymadeinseparateunitandboltedtochassis 21 unitizedbodyconstruction calledunibodyallbodyandframepartsweldedtogetherlightweightbutstrongstructurallymostcarsusethisconstruction 22 spaceframeconstruction newesttypeofconstructionhybridunibodyusedonracecarsfirstbutnowusedinpassengercarsmanyuseplasticfendersandbodypanels 23 chassisrelatedsystems brakingsystemsuspensionsystemsteeringsystem 24 brakingsystem thepurposeofthebrakingsystemisofcourse tostopthecar brakesareusedonallwheelsandishydraulicallyoperated twocommontypesofbrakeassembliesareused discbrakesdrumbrakes 25 discbrakes usesarotorthatspinswiththewheelandastationarycalipertopressfrictionmaterialagainstthespinningrotor usedonmostallfrontbrakesandsomerearbrakes 26 drumbrakes usesadrumwhichspinswiththewheel stationarybrakeshoesarepressedoutfromtheinsidetocausefriction usedonrearbrakesofmanycars 27 absanti lockbrakingsystem helpsdriverstopundercontrolkeepsbrakesfromlockinguppulsesbrakesenablescartobeturned doesnotreplacehydraulicbrakesdoesnotmakevehiclestopfasterdoesnotworkifbrakepetalispumped 28 suspensionsystem usesspringsandshockabsorberstoprovideagoodrideandimprovedhandling coil leafsprings torsionbarsandairsuspensionareallused mostshockabsorbersarehydraulicorgasoperated stopbouncingactionstruts 29 independentsuspension allowseachwheeltomoveupanddownindependentlywithouteffectfromtheoppositewheel usedonmostallfrontwheelsandmanyrearwheelsnow 30 straightaxle wheelsareheldtogetheronacommonaxle veryruggedbutpooronhandling usedmostlyontherearwheels 31 steeringsystem twotypesused conventionalorparallelogramsteeringusedonlargercarsandtrucks rackandpinionsteeringusedonmostcars conventionalontrucks suv bigvehicles 32 drivetrain takestheenginestorqueandsendstothedrivewheels majortypesare frontwheeldrive rearwheeldrive fourwheeldriveandallwheeldrive majorcomponentsofalldrivetrains clutch transmission differential anddriveshaft s 33 drivetraincomponents basicpurposeistogettheenginestorquetothewheels clutchesusedwithmanualtransmissionsatorqueconverterusedwithautomatics disconnectsenginefromtransmissiontransmission transaxledriveshaftsanddriveaxles differentials 34 frontwheeldrive alldrivetraincomponentsunderthehood transaxle reducesweightandsizeofvehiclegoodtractioninrainandsnow 35 frontwheeldrive 36 rearwheeldrive componentsspreadfromfronttoreartransmissionheavierthanfwdcarspoorhandlinginrainandsnowbettertractionforperformancepurposes 37 fourwheeldrive4x4 usedprimarilyontrucksdriveallfourwheelwhenengagedheavy