2014年外研版英语选修七：module 3 (第2课时)知识点.doc

1.rough adj.(1)多暴力的；犯罪率高的That area of the city is quite rough after dark.那一带市区天黑之后很危险。(2)粗糙的；不平的Her hands were rough with hard work.她干粗活，手变得粗糙了。(3)(指天气、海面等)激荡的；不平静的The English Channel is ordinarily one of the roughest places in the world.英吉利海峡，平时是世界上风浪最大海峡之一。(4)不精确的；未加工的Could you give me a rough idea when youll be back?你能告诉我你大概什么时候回来吗？(5)粗鲁的；粗野的His behaviour is sometimes rather rough.他的行为有时相当粗鲁。知识拓展:be rough on sb. 对某人来说不愉快的；不幸的 have a rough time (使某人)受苦；受到严厉的对待in rough 大略地；大约 roughly adv. 粗鲁/暴/略地；大概/约 rough luck(bad/ill luck)坏运气那是一条崎岖不平的山路，全是石头和大坑。It was _ _ _ road, full of stones and huge holes.2drag v. 拖；拉；硬拽；缓慢而费力地移动He tried to drag a heavy box out of a cupboard.他试图把一个重箱子从衣橱里拖出来。I managed to drag myself out of bed.我总算能硬着从床上爬了起来。辨析:pull, draw, dragpull指用力拉，不强调力的大小。 draw较正式，指平稳，从容地拉；常用于喻指吸引注意力等。drag指拖笨重的、阻力很大的东西，慢慢地使劲地拖。几名抗议者被警察拉走了。Several protesters _ _ _ by the police.3escape(1)vi. 逃跑，逃脱；避免；漏出The soldier escaped from the enemys prison.这个士兵从敌人的监狱里逃了出来。He travelled extensively to escape from boredom.他到处旅游以解烦闷。Gas is escaping from the pipe.煤气正从管中逸出。(2)vt. 逃避，避免；被忘掉We were lucky to escape being punished.我们很幸运，没有受罚。The matter has quite escaped my memory.这件事我完全记不得了。(3)n. 逃跑，逃脱；逃避(现实)The thief jumped into a car and made his escape.小偷跳上汽车逃走了。She read detective stories as an escape.她看侦探小说解闷。知识拓展:escape from 从中逃走 escape (doing) sth. 避免(做)某事 escape sb. 某人忘记(名字、日期等) escape ones notice 某人没有注意到 make ones escape 逃跑注意：“逃走”提防escape.表示“从中逃走/漏出”时，escape与介词from搭配。表示“避免；被遗忘，未被注意”时，不用于被动语态。表示“避免做某事”时，escape后跟名词或动词ing形式作宾语。(1)人们尽力从燃烧的大楼中逃出来。People tried their best to _ _ the burning building.(2)他险些被淹死。He narrowly escaped _ _.4intend vt. 想要；打算；意指；意味I intend to have a journey.我打算去旅行。We intend this news report as teaching material for freshmen.我们打算把这篇新闻报道作为新生教材。What did he intend by that remark?他说那话是什么意思？知识拓展(1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事I intend coming/to come back soon.我打算很快就回来。(2)intendthat从句作“建议；主张”讲，后接宾语从句，其谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可省略。I intend that he(should)do it at once.我主张他马上做那事。(3)intend sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事My father intended me to become a doctor.我父亲想让我当个医生。(4)intend sb. for 希望某人He intends his son for a doctor.他要儿子做医生。(5)intend sth. for sb.(be intended for sb.) 为某人准备某物The movie is intended for adults.这部电影是给成年人看的。单词积累:intention n. 打算；目的；意图If Ive hurt your feelings, I was quite without intention.如果我伤害了你的感情，那完全不是故意的。(1)他不打算付账。He did not _ _ _ the bill.(2)这本词典是为初学者编的。The dictionary _ _ _ the beginners.5repay v. 偿还；报答I will repay you tomorrow.我明天还你钱。We hope to repay your visit soon.我们希望不久能对您回访。How can I ever repay(you for)your kindness?我怎么能报答你的恩惠呢？The firm repaid her hard work with a bonus.公司发给她奖金以酬谢她工作努力。知识拓展:repay a visit 回访 repay sb. money 偿还某人钱 repay a call 回电话repaid in full 全数偿还 repay a debt 还债注意：前缀re加在动词之前，常表示“重；又；再；回复；回报；相互”。如：retell“重述”；reread“重读”。我们将永远无法报答你为我们所做的一切。_6distribute v. 分配；分布；分发；散布The firm distributed its profits to/among its workers.该公司将利润分给了工人。They are distributing manure over the field.他们正在地里施肥。Distribute this among you.把这个分给你们。单词积累:distributor n. 分配者；分散者；散布者 distribution n. 分配；分布 distributive adj. 分布的；分散的医生把药物分发给了被洪水淹没地区的人们。The doctors _ _ _ _ the people in the flooded area.7swallow(1)v. 吞下；咽下She swallowed her anger and carried on.她忍气吞声地继续进行下去。Taking pills is easy. You just put them in your mouth and swallow.服用药片很容易，你只需放在口中咽下即可。(2)v. 忍受；容忍；轻信They cant treat me like that; Im not going to swallow it.他们不能这样对待我，我忍不下这口气。(3)n. 吞；咽；燕子He took a long swallow of his drink.他慢慢地喝了一口饮料。One swallow does not make a summer.谚一燕不成夏(或不可凭偶然现象而推断。)知识拓展:swallow up 吞没，耗尽 swallow ones words 收回自己的话 swallow ones feelings 压抑情绪(1)他的喉咙非常疼痛，几乎不能吞咽任何东西了。His throat was so painful that he could hardly _ _.(2)在激烈的竞争中，很多小企业被大公司吞并了。In the fierce competition, many small businesses have been _ _ by large companies.8attain v. 获得；达到She pulls every string to attain the end.她想尽一切办法来达到目的。For us, its something that we may aspire to but can never attain.对我们来说，那是可望而不可即的。单词积累:attainable adj. 可达到的；可得到的 attainment n. 达到，获得辨析:attain, obtain，achieveattain经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果，也可指达到某一目标。obtain通过自身的工作技能等获得某物，属正式用语，口语中很少见。achieve通过个人努力改善自身的状况，意指“达到，完成”。He finally attained a position of power.他最终获得了权位。Further information can be obtained from head office.详细资料可以从总部获得。He has achieved great success in the field of politics.他在政治领域取得了巨大的成功。(1)鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。Lu Xun _ _ _ _ in the literary world.(2)我们将继续进步，实现我们的目标。We will continue anyway to make progress and _ _ _.9starvation n饥饿，饿死The poor old man died of starvation.那个可怜的老人被饿死了。It was a race against time to stop people dying from starvation.为抢救那些即将饿死的人而分秒必争。知识拓展:starve v. 饥饿；饿死；绝食；渴望 starve to death 饿死starve for (be starved of) 渴望；极需 starve for news 渴望消息The poor children in the streets are starving for food.街上穷苦的孩子非常需要食物。The poor dog starved to death.那只可怜的狗饿死了。这株植物因为极度缺乏光照而死了。The plant _ _ _ light and died.10concern(1)n. 关心，担心What he does is no concern of mine.他做什么都不关我的事。(不可数名词)How to improve the teaching quality should be our main concern.怎样提高教学质量是他们主要关心的问题。(可数)注意：concern作名词用时，如果指“关心，担忧，关系”，是不可数名词；如果表示“关心的人或事”，则是可数名词。(2)vt. 涉及，关系到；使担心Youd better not concern yourself in such things.你最好不要介入这种事。Happy and harmonious family relations concerns the healthy growth of the children deeply.愉快、和谐的家庭关系对孩子们的健康成长关系极大。The boys poor health concerned his parents.那男孩健康状况不佳，使他的父母很担心。知识拓展:be of concern to 对于来说很重要 concern oneself about/be concerned about 关心show concern for sb. 关心某人 as/so far as sb./sth. be concerned 就而言；认为be concerned with sth. 关心，涉及 concerned adj. 关心的；担心的 concerning prep. 关于(1)我们最忧虑的是他们一直没有得到足够的帮助。_ _ _ is that they are not receiving enough help.(2)对我个人来说，你做什么都可以。_ _ _ _ _， you can do what you like.11accumulate vt. 积累；聚集vi. 增加By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.她由于投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly.房子不经常打扫，尘土很快就会越积越多。They let the mending accumulate until Sunday.他们让需缝补的衣服一直积存到周日。单词积累:accumulation n. 积累；积聚积聚物；堆积物 accumulative adj. 积聚的；积累的 accumulator n. 积累者如果你不定期清除垃圾的话，它会越积越多。If you dont clear away the rubbish regularly, _ _ _.12accomplish vt. 完成；达到；实现You should accomplish the task within the allowed time.你们必须在规定时间内完成这项任务。If you can harness your energy, you will accomplish a great deal.如果你能控制你的精力，你将获得巨大成功。He can accomplish more in a day than any other boy in his class.他一天所完成的工作比他班上其他的孩子都多。It has never been the boast of a modest person that he alone could accomplish such a hard task.一个谦虚的人从来不会夸口说只有他才能够完成这样一件困难的任务。知识拓展:accomplish ones object 达到目的 accomplish ones mission 完成使命 accomplish a purpose 达到目的辨析：accomplish, complete, finishaccomplish正式用词，强调一个过程的完成；也可指依靠努力达到一定目的，或取得一定的成果。其后常接task，aim，journey，voyage等名词complete侧重指完成预定的任务或使某事完善，补足缺少的部分等finish多指日常事务的完成，强调事情了结、终止，后可跟动词ing形式即学即用用accomplish, complete, finish填空(1)To _ great things, we must dream as well as act.(2)Have you _ reading that book yet?(3)I only need one volume to _ my set of Dickens novels.1.do sb. good(do good to sb.)“对某人有好处”；其中good是名词“利益；好处”之意。Itll do you good to have a vacation.去度个假对你会有好处。知识拓展:be good for sb. 对某人有好处 do sb. harm(do harm to sb.)对某人有害处do sb. wrong(do wrong to sb.) 委屈/冤枉某人 do sb. bad(do bad to sb.) 对某人有坏处do sb. a favor(do a favor to sb.) 帮某人忙；赏某人光喝点酒对你没坏处。A little wine wont _ _ _ .2as a result 结果It rained heavily. As a result, we had to put off the sports.雨下得很大，因此，我们不得不推迟运动会。知识拓展:as a result of 由于A sitdown strike began as a result of the poor conditions.由于条件太差，结果发生了静坐罢工。注意：as a result表示“作为结果；因此”；相当于thus.as a result of则指“作为的结果；由于”result in(lead to)导致；引起result from(lie in) 由导致/引起without result 徒劳；毫无结果单句改错Jenny nearly missed the flight as a result doing too much shopping._1.Although on clear days the air was filled with sparrows and seagulls flying high above, more often the smoking chimney pipes created smog which was so strong that it choked the inhabitants.在晴朗的天气里，满天的麻雀和海鸥在高高地飞翔，然而大部分时间里，空气中弥漫的是烟囱里冒出的令市民窒息的浓厚烟雾的味道。(1)第一个分句为although引导的让步状语从句，on clear days为时间状语，位于从句的句首，flying high above为动词ing形式，修饰先行词sparrows and seagulls；主句中more often为程度副词，修饰整个主句，其宾语smog后跟which引导的定语从句，该定语从句中又含有so.that.结构。(2)be filled with充满He was filled with horror at the bad news.听到这个坏消息，他心里充满恐怖。I was filled with admiration.我内心充满了敬慕。高考直击(2014山东改编)I dont really like the author, _ I have to admit his books are very exciting. 语法填空(1)I dont believe weve met before，_ I must say you do look familiar.(2)The pool is slowly filled _ water.2Many people suffered from the effects of poor nutrition and even starvation because of a lack of food, yet their welfare was of no concern to the taxpayers of London.由于缺少食物