浅谈低年级音乐教育中的游戏化教学.doc

this type of operation for the safety technology. Without education and training in safety knowledge, shall not enter the construction site operations. To enter the construction site, you must wear a helmet, buckle chinstrap. Work at two meters high and must be fastened. When working at height, are not allowed to throw down or up the materials and tools and other objects. Persons not engaged in electrical and mechanical, prohibited the use of mechanical and electrical equipment. Building materials and components to be tidy and secure, shall not exceed the relevant provisions. Hazardous areas should be clearly marked, protective measures should be taken at night to set up a red light warning. In the operation, should adhere to their jobs, drunken operation is strictly prohibited. Special operations personnel (electricians, welders, boiler operators, blasters, lifting grid and pile drivers and commanding, shelf workers, machines, motor vehicle drivers, and so on) must be operating permits from the relevant sector professional training examinations, independent operation, operation focus, not to leave. Construction site prohibited to wear slippers, heels, skirt, sliding and studded shoes and barefoot, shirtless, and so on. Construction site of the scaffold (prohibition of the use of bamboo and wood materials setting), protective equipment, safety signs, warning signs, scaffolding wall may be supplemented, removed and need to be removed must be reinforced by the contractors agree. Construction site of the four (openings, stairs, lift head, hole) and the five-limb (balcony, framing, roofing, run (oblique) road and unloading platforms), protective measures and clearly marked. Are not allowed to sit at the feet of . Nails should be promptly removed. Drywall cut bricks are cut, no outside chopping. Preventing broken tiles fall hurt. Tools must always be mounted after good tool bag. In the Derrick (gantry) travel; in the Derrick (gantry) increased security measures are not taken to the following cleaning mortar, concrete and other debris; hanging baskets for a long time is not allowed to stop the air; after work basket must be placed in the ground, and cut off the power and lock box. Scaffolding on the Frost, snow, mud, and building waste time cleaning. Both ends of the scaffold to fasten to prevent probe Panel. Danger of overloading the scaffold: laying per square foot scaffold distributed load shall not exceed 270KN, piled up on the scaffold standard bricks of single side three storeys high. Wall removal of dangerous scaffolding; Sat down to rest on the guard rail danger; Set, dismantling scaffolding, Derrick (gantry) high, edges, vacant jobs, such as not wearing a seat belt at risk. Upper part of the ladder to fasten, antiskid measures are required in the lower part. Upper part of the ladder to hang, and lower banding. Ladder to fasten in the Middle, lower to have a non-slip steps, are not allowed to sit on it, riding moves. Altitude: personnel engaged in the Spider-man,stavebn tm vdce mst een. een by mlo zahrnovat analzu rizik, monost nehod charakteristik a nouzovch postup, nouzov zpracovn a obsah opaten. 4, integrovan pohotovostn plny, speciln havarijn plny a mst een by mly bt mezi sebou a s ostatnmi jednotky zapojeny v nouzi, kter jsou vzjemn propojeny. 5, havarijn pln by ml zahrnovat havarijn personl a organizace kontakt, nouzov rezervn seznam a dal informace. Informace by mly bt pravideln aktualizovny a zajist, e informace jsou pesn a platn. tyi, havarijn pln revize 1, Recenze pohotovostn plny pezkoumn formul a prvky pezkumu a opaten pijatch dvma zpsoby. Kdy host slou pedevm pro havarijn plny pro zznam v podob Recenze, prvek hodnocen pro nouzov hodnocen. . Kd pro porn ochranu konstrukce budov a nsk republice ny exploze nebezpen oblasti elektrick bezpenostnch pedpis a pedpis o porn ochranu design rafinaci ropy a chemickch podnik, napklad poadavky na pedpisech a nazench. 2. pi provdn instalace me zpsobit por, exploze, kter sti by mly bt pln nastaven peht, petlaku, micch pstroj, alarm (zvuk a svtla). 3. kde je holav plyn (pra) me unikat , holav plyn koncentrac detekce, alarm by mla bt nastavena. 4. vechny komunikoval s holav, vbun zazen s inertnm plynem, plynov penosov potrub, by mla bt nastavena zabrnit holavch a vbunch ltek do zazen, ale nemla bt samostatn zptn ventil. 5. holav plyn (pra) nastavit plamen svodi odvzduovac vvod, snadno pracovat, kde se zastavit ventily, aby pi vstupn vtrac potrub je v plamenech, peruil por plynu odvzduovac potrub ml bt nainstalovn v nejni hasicho zazen. 6. kdy dopravu holavch materil by mla odpovdat prmru potrub a stedn mrn odpor, sprvn zen prtoku, co nejvce se vyhnout statick elektiny. Antistatick opaten, jako jsou zazen, potrub, by mlo bt v souladu s technickmi pedpisy pro uzemnn design pro chemick podniky pslunch ustanoven. 7. nhl vbun petlaku nebo rychlho rozkladu vrobnch zazen nebo skladovacch zazen by mly bt vybaveny vbuchu (nevbun membrna), vvoz nonel trubice smrem k bezpenosti a aby prevence sekundrnch exploz, protiporn opaten. 8. vrobnthe principle of simplified EIA of construction projects in the region. In terms of land, linked to the implementation of urban and rural construction land increase and decrease, replacement indicators for priority areas project. Charges, into the projects of water, electricity, administrative charges and preferential policies. In the area of taxation, and settled in areas of industry and its production company, within 5 years after the completion of fiscal incentives to enterprises. In terms of financing, integration of land, tax, financial and other resources, and construct Government credit + business credit credit system, establishment of marketization, commercialization and modernization of the investment and financing platform; effective Bank-enterprise docking, encourages private capital into the Park, to raise industry development fund. 5, optimize the environment and service industries. To create policy lowlands, Highlands, integrity of service land, development land as the goal, to optimize the area under development environment. All administrative law enforcement departments to appoint a full-time personnel stationed in areas dedicated to coordinating and solving problems associated with businesses in this sector. When there are substantial issues, sector leaders arranged to personally intervene, in-person, in-person push tangible area building a green light, easy line. To further reduce and standardize administrative examination and approval items, simplify examination and approval links, improve efficiency; according to the .Since the educational practice of the mass line of the party, himself seriously in the education, practical control central eight rules and opposing the four winds and practicing three Suns, and check the spirit of Jiao Yulu, ideology, solicit opinions based on outstanding problems checked swing, careful analysis and reflection. Will now check report is as follows: first, adherence to the partys political discipline, eight in the central provision, change the style of the basic situation of 1, in compliance with the partys political disciplines. Conscientiously abide by the partys political discipline, abide by the Constitution and the rules and regulations of the party, in the political, ideological and maintain highly consistent with the CPC Central Committee on the action, there is no violation of the partys political discipline problems. 2, in the implementation of the central authorities of the eight provisions. Improving research, improving research methods, but there are less grass-roots units, primary first-hand an inadequate grasp of the problem, which is to be strengthened in the future. Second, construction, strictly in accordance with the provisions to streamline and improve the quality of meetings of the Conference. Third, streamlining file briefs, culture involves all aspects of propaganda and ideology, sometimes due to the practical needs of invention notifications, this area needs further参赛论文浅谈低年级音乐教育中的游戏化教学广西南宁市良庆区那陈镇中心学校 韦秀群今天，在我国，无论是教育界，还是整个社会，重视音乐教育的程度是前所未有的，更值得一提的是，重视儿童音乐教育已经成为教育界和家长们共同关注的大事，那是因为音乐潜移默化、美化心灵的教育功能正逐步被人们所认识。我国古代教育家孔子就很重视乐教，他认为：“兴于诗，立于礼，成于乐。”音乐教育是美育的重要组成部分，是为教育的培养目标服务的，是对儿童实施全面发展的重要手段。音乐能产生美感，使人受到美的教育，爱的教育，通过音乐所富有的情感性、形象性的艺术特征，在情感上打动儿童，引起情感共鸣，因而感到生活的乐趣，热爱生活。而音乐又是一门听觉艺术，看不见摸不着，那么，如何卓有成效地对儿童进行音乐教育，从而达到塑造道德高尚的四有新人的教育目的呢？xKzVpF1 =2-u小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net 英国教育家洛克说得好：“教导儿童的主要技巧是把儿童应做的事情都变成一种游戏似的。”儿童生理、心理发展的特征主要是好动、好玩、思维具体形象，一切从兴趣出发，兴趣是儿童学习知识，发展智力的动力。因此，要卓有成效的对儿童进行音乐教育，就确实要把儿童看做儿童，根据儿童生理、心理发展的自然规律，启发儿童主动地、积极地、创造性地参与音乐活动，就必须把音乐同儿童的生活、玩耍融合为一体，让儿童在唱唱、跳跳、动动、玩玩的游戏活动中直接地、亲身地体验音乐、感知音乐，获得相应的音乐知识和技能。?.kQ%Lp$*Cozp小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net音乐游戏是融音乐与游戏为一体的艺术形式，是音乐教育中最易为儿童接受、喜爱、理解的一种综合性艺术形式，是培养儿童乐感和美感的一条有效途径。OnMB#RwmXk4v?c小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net 针对儿童的心理特征，我们采取游戏教学方法，把音乐教学因素和游戏紧密结合组织教学，做到分散难点，化难为易，激发学生积极思维，使学生在活泼愉快的气氛中饶有兴趣地学习音乐知识，达到大纲的要求，从而完成音乐教学任务，促进学生个性的健康发展。AgPYW!d)6小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net运用游戏教学法的原则+?a8e+rY13DP*小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net（一）围绕教材，促进学生理解教材。要求每节课都能根据教学内容的性质、特点组织课堂教学，完成大纲规定的教学任务。_oKItwzzNSbGzr/W小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net（二）游戏形象化、多样化。低年级学生年龄小，注意力不易集中，意志比较薄弱，学习往往从兴趣出发，因而游戏方案的设计，要力求形象化、多样化。McS(pcKHGMc 7小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net（三）面向全体学生，着力于每个学生的提高。要关心中下等学生，使他们能达到基本要求，也要关注优等学生，创造条件，促进他们的发展。7TLOb#f(=v 小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net具体实施-jaz5+Hx小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net 在教学实践活动中注意分析教材，抓住难点，运用不同的游戏手法设置学习音乐知识，提高音乐素质的措施。并努力创造条件满足学生学习音乐的要求，注意培养他们的学习兴趣。课后，回顾教学方法及效果，改进教法，反复推敲，不断地进行教学总结。目前，在低年级音乐教学中，笔者尝试运用了以下几种游戏教学方法。R|nr%0?sMe|*?小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net（一）音符游戏教学。比如在第五册的教学当中，有一项认识6、1 、2 、3、5、6六个音符的教学任务，要让学生掌握这六个音符的音高，就首先要让学生对音高有一个具体形象的认识，在此引入五线谱的教学是最合适不过的了。而如果单一的传授音乐识谱教育，不仅会让学生产生畏难心理，而且很难让激发起他们的学习兴趣，根据儿童热爱游戏这一特点，我将枯燥无味的音符教学，编成儿歌，用儿歌形式教学生形象记忆。儿歌的语言形象流畅，上口、易懂、易记，低年级最乐于接受，效果明显。学生一边唱儿歌“横划五条线，当中四个间，从下往上数，一二三四五，好象上楼梯，越上音越高”。一边学习c大调音符在五线谱上的隔音位置。这样孩子们学习兴趣很浓，记得很牢。为让学生记住音符的名称和它们在五线谱上的位置，我编写了儿歌“熊猫do顶呱呱，下加一线是它家。小鸭re，嘎嘎嘎，下加一间把船划，小猫mi，喵喵叫，躺在一线睡大觉，小鸟fe，喳喳喳，站在一间喊妈妈。公鸡sol，起得早，顺着二线叫喔喔。青蛙la，真开心，跳到二间哇哇哇。小猴si真调皮，坐在三线吃鸭梨。熊猫弟弟dododo，站在三间好事做”讲到哪个唱名的时候，就将哪个小动物剪纸贴到线间相应的位置上。待儿歌背熟并准确地认识了各个小动物所在的位置后，再把唱名前面的小动物名称删掉，只读do 、re、mi、fa、sol、la、si、do。由于有儿歌内容的提示，学生就很快地辩认出并能记住每个唱名的具体位置，结合柯尔文手势，学生基本能唱准每个音符的音高。JTVe6mtgf%LH7小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net（二）节奏游戏教学。音乐教育家奥尔夫认为音乐构成的第一要素是节奏，节奏好比是骨骼。并且强调要结合语言的节奏，动作的节奏来训练和培养儿童的节奏感。根据这一理论，在教学中应特别重视语言节奏，动作节奏的训练。在练习时，把趣味性的游戏教学法穿插起来，克服单纯节奏训练的单调，乏味之弊端，调动儿童学习的积极性。他们不仅学得快，而且记得牢，收到寓教于乐的效果。如在教节奏时，把二分音符、节奏比作爷爷走路，四分音符、比作爸爸走路，八分音符、节奏比作小朋友走路。老师讲“看！大路上来了一位老爷爷！”这时全班小朋友就拍打“”这一节奏。边拍边讲“走呕，走呕！；老师讲“小红的爸爸是一位年轻的解放军，你们看，他走路多精神啊！小朋友就拍打“”节奏，边拍边讲“走、走”；老师讲“瞧！小红高高兴兴地放学回家了！”小朋友就拍打“跑跑”节奏，在这三部的基础上，老师又讲“老爷爷、小红的爸爸、小红走到一起来啦！这三种节奏由三组同学同时拍打，这种在走走、拍拍、讲讲、玩玩中使三种节奏合在一起很快地掌握了。为今后学习多声部合唱打下了一定基础。O*l/G1|8xIr0小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net（三）听音游戏教学。练耳是音乐课的重要内容和基础，但却抽象、枯燥。为激发学生的兴趣，把抽象的内容，化为形象生动的比喻，这种活泼形象的游戏达到了事半功倍的教学效果。如把音阶比喻为小熊猫上楼梯；小跳音程比作为小兔跳；大跳音程比作为小猴翻筋斗，还可以模仿小动物的动作。这些与儿童生活十分贴近的比喻很容易引起他们的共呜，从而加深对这些音程的记忆。fpa#WVCaX7&,=V小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net又如在邮递员送信教学中，根据教材的要求，在琴上弹一个音程（三度）请学生听。中队长邀请一位同学当邮递员，学生边唱音乐边做最后一个音所表现的小动物形象，听对后把信送到小动物家。这样游戏反复进行，使学生在玩玩乐乐中掌握了听音本领。(Xm|cR5;t_9?小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net（四）音乐记忆游戏教学。这种教学训练学生的节奏及旋律的记忆和分辨能力，发展学生的内心听觉。KC$_i4,%USHTG*小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net例如录音电话游戏，请四名同学上来，一人为打电话者，一人为接电话者，打电话与接电话者的身边，各站一名同学为“电话录音机”。两人对话时各自的“录音机”要记住主人说话的节奏，等两人对完一句话，两个“录音机”迅速将通话人对话的节奏用手拍出来。+?d%H=(RRQ小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net如：问：喂- 喂- 你是幸福小学吗F+!jKS.UoOt8S0B小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net答：是的你找谁feAPQ F*(2?u6W小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net“录音机”甲：- - E/Sv;Tk?SsAxV小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net“录音机”乙：0 V$v,%6#5Pv,=lV小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net（五）创作游戏教学。这种教学是培养学生音乐思维的逻辑性，聪明才智得到发挥，发展了创作力。从而使他们从机械被动的学习状态下解放出来，变为主动学习。D$NSl|E;SB小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net 在招聘火车驾驶员游戏教学中，老师把音乐课所要掌握的重点节奏写在黑板上，让学生根据节奏创作出一句话或唱出一个乐句，如果创作得大家满意，就请他扮演火车司机。当火车开到某一站时，另一位同学接着创作。游戏反复进行，这游戏既巩固了音乐知识，又培养了学生的创造能力，更开阔了学生的学习音乐视野。1Eb2(D I2-b D小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net（六）综合游戏教学。根据教材或乐段的特点，分别采用不同的方法教学，使教学形式活泼多样，有的放矢，收效迅速，并有利于学生注意力的迅速集中和迅速转移的培养。把听音游戏、节奏游戏、识谱游戏”同时交替进行，这种教学方法，更受学生喜爱，效果甚佳。eidWpMQ )974小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net初步成效HYY?MK6:r9tFft小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net 各种游戏教学法和手段，从不同侧面激发了学生的学习兴趣，调动了积极性，把学生本来爱玩好动的天性引上学习轨道，让他们在愉悦的气氛中轻松地完成了教学任务。概括起来，有以下几点收获：Gv) =u(3小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net1、儿童对音乐产生了浓厚的兴趣。提高了学生对音乐的兴趣、爱好，以及感受、理解、表现、创造音乐的能力和对音乐的审美力，使学生掌握了一定的音乐基础知识技能和技巧，轻松、愉快的完成了学习任务，!|)dSIVXu4u小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net儿童上课注意力集中，思维活跃，人人爱音乐，人人充满表演欲望和自信心，这种兴趣和自信心，促使儿童积极地参加到音乐活动中来，大胆地创作。 g V3E=KY8SUox小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net2、给儿童带来快乐和满足，培养了爱集体爱伙伴的感情。/tqP%lzfq2!9XF,zC小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net3、唤起学生对知识的渴望，缩小“幼小”差异。游戏教学的实施是分散了难点给孩子带来乐趣，增加教学的能力，逐渐用知识的力量来吸引儿童，由难学到易学，由会学到乐学。使儿童对学习音乐的兴趣大大超过他们对游戏本身的兴趣，这就为低年级儿童逐步转向从书本知识为主的学习活动创设了有利的条件，缩小了幼儿园学习和小学学习之间的差异。)+#JJ=Vqt_&c.小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net4、陶冶了儿童的感情，促进了良好个性的发展。以美诱人、以情诱人的音乐活动，使得儿童的情绪稳定、情感丰富，个个活泼开朗。6B$BC f2UWv小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net思考=%jSVF=M85?wB小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net（一）游戏教学是可行的。它有利于儿童逐步适应小学的学习生活；有利于培养学生集体主义意识；有利于获取各种知识，提高学生的音乐素质。T sey=l fL0k$小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net（二）游戏教学中，必须要注重音乐知识，学生的能力培养及思想品德教育的配合。避免脱离音乐形象的单纯动作学习训练，游戏的活动量不能过大。j?jKB?Loj?.RE小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net（三）在游戏教学中怎样与其它学科（如语文、数学、地理、历史、常识、自然、美术、舞蹈）进行纵向联系，然而达到互相渗透的效果。有待于今后进一步探讨。%VhxL04x:O#t95uT小学教案课件网Www.Jkedu.Net丰富多彩的游戏活动，不是以说理的方式，而是以音乐的形象性、情感性陶冶儿童，使儿童沉浸在欢乐之中，通过美的渗透，潜移默化地、深入浅出地萌发了儿童初步感受美、表现美的情趣，提高了儿童的审美能力，促进了儿童的和谐发展。正如苏霍姆林斯基说的：“音乐教育-这不是培养音乐家，这首先是培养人，以音乐能影响学生精神世界。”儿童音乐教育不是目的，而是对儿童实施全面发展的重要手段，而用游戏化的方法对儿童进行音乐教育，能够取得最佳的效果。 this type of operation for the safety technology. Without education and training in safety knowledge, shall not enter the construction site operations. To enter the construction site, you must wear a helmet, buckle chinstrap. Work at two meters high and must be fastened. When working at height, are not allowed to throw down or up the materials and tools and other objects. Persons not engaged in electrical and mechanical, prohibited the use of mechanical and electrical equipment. Building materials and components to be tidy and secure, shall not exceed the relevant provisions. Hazardous areas should be clearly marked, protective measures should be taken at night to set up a red light warning. In the operation, should adhere to their jobs, drunken operation is strictly prohibited. Special operations personnel (electricians, welders, boiler operators, blasters, lifting grid and pile drivers and commanding, shelf workers, machines, motor vehicle drivers, and so on) must be operating permits from the relevant sector professional training examinations, independent operation, operation focus, not to leave. Construction site prohibited to wear slippers, heels, skirt, sliding and studded shoes and barefoot, shirtless, and so on. Construction site of the scaffold (prohibition of the use of bamboo and wood materials setting), protective equipment, safety signs, warning signs, scaffolding wall may be supplemented, removed and need to be removed must be reinforced by the contractors agree. Construction site of the four (openings, stairs, lift head, hole) and the five-limb (balcony, framing, roofing, run (oblique) road and unloading platforms), protective measures and clearly marked. Are not allowed to sit at the feet of . Nails should be promptly removed. Drywall cut bricks are cut, no outside chopping. Preventing broken tiles fall hurt. Tools must always be mounted after good tool bag. In the Derrick (gantry) travel; in the Derrick (gantry) increased security measures are not taken to the following cleaning mortar, concrete and other debris; hanging baskets for a long time is not allowed to stop the air; after work basket must be placed in the ground, and cut off the power and lock box. Scaffolding on the Frost, snow, mud, and building waste time cleaning. Both ends of the scaffold to fasten to prevent probe Panel. Danger of overloading the scaffold: laying per square foot scaffold distributed load shall not exceed 270KN, piled up on the scaffold standard bricks of single side three storeys high. Wall removal of dangerous scaffolding; Sat down to rest on the guard rail danger; Set, dismantling scaffolding, Derrick (gantry) high, edges, vacant jobs, such as not wearing a seat belt at risk. Upper part of the ladder to fasten, antiskid measures are required in the lower part. Upper part of the ladder to hang, and lower banding. Ladder to fasten in the Middle, lower to have a non-slip steps, are not allowed to sit on it, riding moves. Altitude: personnel engaged in the Spider-man,ch zazen, budov a konstrukc, tanky a jin zsuvky prmyslov vody, krom ustanoven vodu tak, by mlo bt instalovno v oblasti s vodou k utsnn vrtu, uzavrac ventil, aby se zabrnilo velk mnostv holavch a vbunch materil do kanalizace. 9. pouit v holavch, vbunch plyn pojistn ventil a vtrac potrub, je nutn export trubice je umstn mimo a vy ne 2 metry nad budovou. (B) pouvn ohn, ohe (viz systm sprvy prce) (c) porn zazen a organizac 1. realizace prevence prvn a integrovan prevence ohe politiku, pijmout modern technologie poru a vbuchu prevence a pomoci, provdn zen podle cl. 2. zzen veden spolenosti a vedouc jednotlivch oddlen Porn bezpenost vboru, workshop zaloena porn ochrany, vedouc skupiny a nastavit dobrovolnch hasi. 3. spolenost tvaru ochrany spotebitele na pln vazek hasii, hasii formulovat pln protiporn prevence a akn pln, provdn zen podle cl, pravideln proveden publicitu porn prevence a vzdlvn a kolen, v kombinaci s oekvan porn cvien. 4. soubor stacionrn ohn uvnit spolenosti zazen