动词不定式和动名词讲解及实战练习(含答案)

动词不定式和动名词讲解及实战练习（含答案）一、动词不定式1、动词不定式的形式动词不定式一般由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成，有的不定式可省略to。不定式的否定形式是“not to （do）”He asked me to play chess with him。他让我和他一起下国际象棋。(带1o)1 saw a boy go across the road just now。我看见有个男孩刚才过了马路。(不带to)The teacher told me not to be late again. 老师告诉我不要再迟到。(否定形式动词不定式的用法2、动词不定式的用法动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语，但可以用作主语、宾语、表语，定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。虽不作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语或状语。(1)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语的情况比较多，经常接不定式作宾语(即动词+ to do sth。结构)的动词有：begin(开始)，care(愿意)，ask(要求)，hope(希望)， learn(学会)， expect(期望)，want(想要)，wish(希望)， forget(忘记)，like(喜欢)， decide(决定)，try(尝试)， continue(继续)，prefer(比较喜欢)， pretend(假装)等。如I hope to see the famous scientist。( to see作hope的宾语)我希望看见那位著名的科学家。不定式作某些形容词的宾语。例： ready(准备好)， anxious(急于)，able(能够)，sure(一定)，glad(高兴)，sorry(难过)， afraid(害怕)， pleased(高兴)， willing(愿意)等。如Im glad to meet you。( to meet作glad的宾语)见到你很高兴。不定式和疑问词连用作宾语。如： when to do(什么时候做)； how to do(怎样做)； what to do(做什么)； why to do(为什么做)；which to do(做哪一个)等。如I don t know what to buy for my mother。( what to buy作know的宾语)我不知道给妈妈买什么。（2）不定式用作宾语补足语常用结构形式“动词+宾语+宾补”(即动词+sb+ to do sth)动词有：ask(请)， force(强迫)，allow(允许)， expect(期望，盼望)， Invite(邀请)，want(要)，tell(告诉)， advise(建议)，help(帮助)， persuade(说服)， permit(准许)等。如Joan asked Mary to speak first。(Mary在句中作宾语， to speak补充说明Mary要做的事) (3)不定式作目的状语不定式作状语，修饰动词，用于表示行为的目的，一般放在动词后面，有时放在句首。如We ran over to welcome the new friends from the USA。( to welcome作目的状语)(4)不定式作主语(可用it来作形式主语，将真正主语置后)To learn maths is very important。= It is very important to learn maths。学数学很重要。3、省略to的不定式(1) 使役动词（make，let，have）和感官动词（see, notice, hear）后带宾语，再接不定式作宾补时，主动语态时不定式要省略to.Make sb. do sth.使某人做某事let sb. do sth。让某人做某事have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事notice sh. do( doing)sth。注意某人(正在)做某多 see sb.do ( doing) sth。看见某人(正在)做某事hear sb.do( doing) sth。听见某人(正在)做某事如:1 often see him run on the road。(省略to)我经常看见他在路上跑步。(2) 固定搭配would rather do sth. than do sth.宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事had better (not) do sth.最好(不)要做某事二、动名词1、动名词的基本形式和性质动名词是动名词兼有动词和名词的性质。动词的性质是可以带宾语和状语，组成动名词短语；名词的性质在句子中可以充当主语、宾语等。“动词原形加-ing”构成She is fond of collecting stamps。(作宾语)她喜欢集邮。Traveling abroad can be very exciting。(作主语)出国旅行会是很激动人心的。2、常见的可接动名词的动词短语有Like/dislike/enjoy/have fun +doing喜欢做mind (sb) doing介意做imagine doing 想象做suggest doing建议做practice doing练习做finish doing结束做what about/ how about doing sth 做某事如何Thank you for doing sth. 为感谢某人at the beginning of 的起初；的开始keep/go (on) /continue doing持续做cant help doing情不自禁做cant stand doing不能忍受做cant stop doing sth 忍不住做某事feel like doing想要做go +doing (go shopping) 去做某事no +doing 禁止做某事be worth doing 值得做be busy doing sth 忙于做某事spend time/money (in) doing 花费时间做某事waste time/money (in) doing浪费时间做某事consider doing sth 考虑做某事have trouble/difficulty/problems/experience (in) doing 做某事有困难/有经验used to do 过去常常做某事be /get used for doing sth = be used to do sth. 被用来作某事be /get/used to doing 习惯于做某事pay attention to doing 注意做某事hold on to doing sth 坚持做某事look forward to doing期望做某事be interested in doing=take an interest in doing对-感兴趣be good at doing sth= do well in doing sth. 擅长作某事about: be worried about doing担忧做 be embarrassed about doing尴尬做 be annoyed about doing反感做with: be pleased with doing对做-满意 prefer doing to doing宁愿也不愿 without: without doing没做from: stop sb (from) doing =prevent sb from doing=keep sb from doing(但keep sb doing使某人不停的做)by: by doing通过做三、动词不定式和动名词的关系（1）有的动词接动词doing和接动词+to do 意义无大区别begin doing/ begin to dostart doing/ start to do开始做continue doing/to do持续做like doing / like to dolove doing / love to do 喜欢做hate doing/ hate to do讨厌做3 3. 有的动词接动词doing和接动词+to do意义不同forget doing 忘记做过某事forget to do忘记去做某事（还未做）remember doing 记得做过某事remember to do记得要去做某事（还未做）stop doing=give up doing sth 停止做某事stop to do停下来去做另一件事try /try ones best to do尽力做need doing需要被做(主语指物)need to do 需要做（主语指人）四、实战练习(1)从各题后的四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。( )1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest( )2. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying( )3. Youd better _ your bike _ at once. It is Monday tomorrow, you know. A. to have, mend B. have, mended C. have, to mend D. to have, mended( )4. - Look! The lights in the classroomare still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. turning them off B. turn them off C. to turn them off D. having turned them off( )5. “Cant you read?” the officer said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. point angrily( )6. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened( )7. The policeman warned the young man _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive( )8. - Whats the language _ inNew Zealand? - English. A. speaking B. spokenC. be spoken D. to speak( )9. He didnt feel like _ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold. A. to go B. goes C. goneD. going( )10. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning( )11. The house is not big enough for us all _. A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in( )12. A clock is made for _ us the time. A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. tells( )13. Youd better _ at home all the time. Its bad for your health. A. dont stay B. no to stay C. not stay D. not staying( )14. The students are busy _ ready for the exam now. A. getting B. get C. got D. to get( )15. The mother asked the boy _ down the ladder, but he went on _ instead. A. come; climbing B. to come; to climb C. to come; climbing D. coming; climbing(2)语法选择填空。Sometimes you just need a quick trip to the beach. I decided 1 Puerto Rico. The island,2 is a USA territory(地域), offers Americans all the comforts of domestic (国内的)travel. But Puerto Rico also has Caribbean beaches and Latin culture along 3 waterfalls and good food and drinks. We spent five days 4 on the beach, exploring old San Juan, hiking through the islands rainforest and, of course， enjoying tropical(热带的) drinks as we thought of _5 futures.Puerto Rico 6 two kinds of seasons: wet and dry. Prices tend 7 lower in the rainy months, April to November, but thats because you run the risk of 8 stuck inside your hotel room waiting for the rain to subside(减弱)。Traveling there last fall, I knew this going in, but was willing 9 my chances.We also spent a day 10 El Yunque, Puerto ricos famous tropical rainforest. Many visitors rent a car and made the trek(跋涉) 11 their own from San juan-its about 30 minutes away- 12 we booked a guided tour through our hotel that included 13 hike and swimming beneath a waterfall. There 14 several different places where