FM Transmitter Department of Electrical and … .ppt

fmtransmitter fmmodulationusingvco vin fout gainofvco freerunningfrequencyofvco correspondingdcbias 1 blockdiagram dcbiasvcc 2 vco pa input chipset 4046phase lockedlooplm7171wide bandpoweramplifier741opamp 4046pll onlyusethevco 4046vcocharacteristic c1 100pf schematic pcblayoutconsiderations thesignaltracesshouldbeshortandwidetolowertheimpedance thewidthofthesignaltraceshastosatisfycurrentdrivingcapacity anyusedboardareashouldbeshortedtogroundtoreduceacnoise socketsandpadswillinduceextracapacitance socomponentsshouldbedirectlysolderedtoboard surfacemountcomponentsarepreferredoverdiscreteonesforlessleadinductance pcblayout measuredresults carrierfrequency 15mhzbandwidth controllableoutputpower 500mw fmreceiver fmdemodulationusingpll pfd lf vco ve in 2 loopfilterdesign 3 vcodesign vcofreerunningfrequency carrierfrequencyvcofrequencyrangeisnosmallerthanbandwidthlargevcogainwillincreasepllnaturalfrequency nandthusimprovesplltrackingcapability blockdiagram lna pfd lf vco amp bpf chipset 4046pllclc425wide bandlna 4046pll schematic pcblayout superheterodynefmreceiver blockdiagram amp inputmatching mixer ifamp iffilter lo fmdemodulator chipset tda7000 fmradiolm3875 audiopoweramplifier tda7000 4 iffilter quadraturedemodulator fin vout ifharmonicdistortion if 70khz ifdistortionsuppression fll correlator tosuppressinterstationnoise notmodulatedlightlymodulatedheavilymodulated schematic pcblayout monolithicfsktransmitter 5 blockdiagram inverter nand 2input nand 3input nand 4input nor 2input xor transmissiongate edge triggereddflip flop dflip flopwith clear voltagecomparator 8 to 3encoder a dconverter parallel serialshiftregister phase frequencydetector vco dualmodulusprescaler 6 outputdriver todrivecapacitiveloadwithminimumdelay capacitordrivingcapability cl 100p f 50mhz synthesizer synthesizerresponse adcandsrresponse chiplayout digitalswitchingnoise 7 noisemechanism digitalswitchinginjectscurrentintosubstratethroughvariouskindsofcapacitance whichpropagatesthroughthesubstrateandaffectsanalogcircuits digitalswitchingdrawscurrentfrompowersupplyrailwithimpedanceandthuscreatesvoltagedroponpowersupplyrail digitalswitchingnoiseinpll pllisatypicalmixed signalintegratedcircuit pfd lf vco n noisecoupling simulationresults errorvoltage vcooutput noisereducingtechniques usedifferentialtopologyseparatepowersupplyrailsuseguardringsmulti chipmoduleheterogeneousintegration teststructure1 pfd lf vco n allbuildingblockssharepowersupplyrails chiplayout1 teststructure2 pfd lf vco n thecounterusesseparatepowersupplyrails chiplayout2 teststructure3 pfd lf vco n thecounterusesseparatepowersupplyrailsthepfdandvcoareshieldedandringguarded guardring p p p typesubstrate sinkthecoupling on chipshielding metal3 ics via2 via1 contact ohmiccontact radiation chiplayout3 teststructure4 pfd lf vco n thecounterusesseparatepowersupplyrailsuseguardringsaroundpfdandvcoimplementlcvco lcvco lowerphasenoisethanringoscillator oscillatorbasics tankloss positivefeedbackof2n phaseshiftunityloopgain phasenoiseisreverseproportionaltoq 8 chiplayout electromagneticcoupling microstriplinecoupling l s w 1 2 3 4 9 electricfielddistribution evenmode oddmode impedancematrix propagationconstant zoe evenmodecharacteristicimpedancezoo oddmodecharacteristicimpedance differentconfigurations lowpass bandpass bandpass bandpass experimentsetup results thecouplingdependsonl w s and integratedinductorcoupling couplingbetweenintegratedspiralinductorscouplingfromspiralinductorstotransistors 10 2 5dintegratedinductor 11 interferenceeffectsonpllperformance 12 references jerryd gibson principlesofdigitalandanalogcommunicationsfloydm gardner phaselocktechniquesrolande best phase lockedloops theory design andapplicationsw h a vandooremolenandm hufschmidt acompletefmradioonachipr jacobbaker harryw li davide boyce cmoscircuitdesign layout andsimulationj navarrosoaresandw a m vannoije a1 6 ghzdualmodulusprescalerusingtheextendedtrue single phase clockcmoscircuittechnique ieeejournalofsscc vol 34 no 1 jan1999patriklarsson measurementsandanalysisofplljittercausedbydigitalswitchingnoise ieeejournalofsscc vol 36 no 7 july2001danh wolaver phase lockedloopcircuitdesigne m t jonesandj t bolljahn coupled strip transmission linefiltersanddirectionalcouplers iretransonmicrowavetheoryandtechniques 1956a o adan m fukumi k higashi t suyama m miyamoto m hayashi electromagneticcouplingeffectsinrfcomscircuits 2002ie