八年级上册知识点分析.doc

Detailed Solution forUnit 6 Im more outgoing than my sister.【重要词汇概览】 more/mC:/ adv. (比.) 更，更多的，更大的 (构成多音节形容词和副词的比较级) than/TAn/conj. 比 calm/kB:m/adj. (心情) 镇静的，无忧虑的 wild/waIld/adj. 卤莽的， 轻率的 athletic/AW5letIk/adj. 擅长运动的;活跃的;体格强健的 both/bEJW/pron. 二者，两者都 schoolwork/5sku:lw:(r)k/n. 学业，功课 laugh/lB:f/v. 笑，发笑 view/vju:/n. 观点，想法，态度 interest/5IntrIst/n. 兴趣，爱好 though/TEJ/conj. 虽然，既然，纵然【重要词组概览】 be good at 擅长，善于，在.做得好 twin sister 双胞胎姐妹 in some ways 在某些方面 look the same 看上去一样 look different 看上去不同 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 more than多于，超过 between.and. 在.和.之间 as.as.和.一样 lots of=a lot of 许多, 大量的 a little一点儿(修饰比较级,表示 更.一点儿 ) the same as和.相同 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 be important for sb. 对某人重要 be different from和. 不同 stay at home呆在家里【重要句子详解】1. Tom is calmer than Sam. Taras shorter than Tina . Tom is more athletic than Sam. 都是典型的比较方式状语从句，详见“语法知识聚焦”。2. As you can see, in some ways we look the same, and in some ways we look-different. “look the same”看上去一样。 “look like”看上去像，look alike看上去相像 in a way为某一种方式 此处look系动词，后跟形容词。e.g.look young / old / tired / nice. 3. We both have black eyes and black hair, although my hair is shorter than hers. （1） although与though常可互换，表“虽然、即使、尽管”，都不能与but用于一句话中。但though用得更普遍。此外though可作副词，在句尾表“然而”，although不能。固定短语是even though表“即使、纵然”，不能用even although. e.g. There are some differences, though. （2）hers名词性物主代词，句中指“her hair”. 4. She has more than one sister 她不止有一个姐姐。 They have some things in common. （in common共通（同）的）（something某物，some thing某一个事物，some things一些事物） 5. Li Ying is not as good at sports as her sister. （1）asas同级比较，两个“as”之间必须使用形容词或副词原级。意为“如同一样”，not as / so as“不如一样” e.g. He runs as quickly as his father. The watermelon is as big as a soccerball. She doesnt study so / as hard as her brother （does） （2）be good at sth. / doing sth. 擅长于（做）某事。 e.g. They are good at playing badminton. Im not good at painting. Who is good at computer in your class? 6. I think a good friend makes me laugh. make sb. do sth. 让（使）某人做某事（make后跟不带to的不定式） e.g. His words made us feel so exciting. The boss made the workers work all day and all night. 7. Shes a good listener, and she keeps secrets. 听者listener, 说话者speaker keep a secret保密 8. Is she a lot like you? = Is she like you very much? （1）a lot 表程度，相当于very much，但位置不同。 （2）be like 像，like为介词。 9. enjoy sth. / doing sth. 喜欢（做）某事（物） enjoy tell jokes, （tell a joke讲笑话）【语法知识聚焦】形容词的比较等级在英语中，形容词和副词都是有比较等级的。分别为原级、比较级和最高级。原级指的是形容词或副词的原形；当二者（人或物均可）进行比较时，会用比较级；当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，用最高级。e.g. Rose is clever. （用原级）Mary is cleverer than Rose. （用比较级）Bob is the cleverest in our class. （用最高级） 在这一单元中，我们学习的重点是形容词的比较级。 1. 形容词比较级的构成 （1）规则变化 a. 单音节形容词及少数以-er, -ow, -ble, -ple结尾的双音节形容词，加-er，或-r构成。e.g. strongstronger 更强壮 clevercleverer更聪明 simplesimpler 更简单 narrownarrower 更窄的 ableabler更能干的，更有才华的 bravebraver 更勇敢 widewider更宽广 b. 形容词的原级是重读闭音节，且以一个辅音字母结尾，则双写这个辅音字母，然后加-er。e.g. bigbigger 更大 hothotter 更热 thinthinner 更瘦 c. 在大多数双音节和多音节形容词前加more，构成比较级。 usefulmore useful 更有用的 beautifulmore beautiful 更美丽的 d. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单音节词及双音节形容词，改y为i，再加-er。 easyeasier funnyfunnier happyhappier 注意：少数单音节词，前面加more构成比较级。 如：fondmore fond tiredmore tired pleasedmore pleased （2）不规则变化，必须牢记 good/wellbetterbest bad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremost littlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest 2. 形容词比较级的用法基本句式：主语+谓语（系动词）+形容词比较级+than+对比成分。e.g. （1）Your jacket is longer than mine. 你的夹克比我的长。 （2）Its colder today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天冷。 （3）She is cleverer than any other girl in the class. 她比班上任何其他的女孩都聪明。 这句话很有意思。“any other girl”任一个其他的女孩是单数，所以我们仍视为二者进行比较，用比较级。意思是“她是所有女孩中最聪明的。” 3. 一些特殊用法a. old（老）的比较级和最高级有两种不同形式，意义也不同。e.g. My elder sister works in a hospital. She is three years older than me. 我姐姐在医院工作。她比我大三岁。 b. far（远）的比较级也有两种不同形式，意义也不同。e.g. The Palace Museum is farther from our home than the Summer Palace. 故宫比颐和园离我家远。 He went abroad for further studies. 他出国深造。 c. “名词（数词）词组+形容词比较级”结构。eg. a head taller, ten minutes earlier a few steps further等。e.g. My younger sister is a head shorter than I .在这一句中，出现了两个比较级。 younger sister 小妹妹 a head shorter 矮一头 d. “形容词比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”，即more and more, e.g. Summer is coming. It is getting hotter and hotter. 夏天来了。天气变得越来越热。 e. “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越就越”，即the morethe more, e.g. The harder you study, the more knowledge you will get.你学习越努力，得到的知识就越多。形容词的作用形容词在句子中一般充当表语、定语和宾语补足语，如：Our school looks very beautiful. (表语)There are fifty students in our class, so we need a big classroom. (定语)Doing morning exercises can make us healthy. (宾语补足语)形容词的比较级句型1.应使用连词than或or，e.g.The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.上海的天气比北京的天气热。Which subject is more important, English or math? 英语和数学, 哪个学科更重要?2.形容词的最高级前应加上定冠词the，句型中应给出比较范围，e.g.The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。The third truck carries the most books of all.第三辆卡车在所有的卡车中载书最多。3.两个人或物比较时，如果只说明两者相同或不同，则可使用as.as.句型，否定句为not as (so).as.句型，这里形容词仍使用原级，e.g.Mr. Green is as old as Mr. Brown.格林先生和布朗先生年龄一样大。Mr. Green is not as (so) old as Mr. Brown.格林先生和布朗先生的年龄不一样大。【综合能力检测】一.单词归类ear, subway, headache, hardly, go camping, nose, neck, sore throat, train, stomachache, often, babysitting, go sightseeing, shoulder, arm, fever, backache, sports camp, never, boat, plane, go bike riding, sometimes, always, busParts of body(人体部位):_ _ _ _ _Conveyance(交通工具 ): _ _ _ _ _Illness and discomforts(疾病和疼痛): _ _ _ _ _Frequency adverbs( 频率副词): _ _ _ _ _Vacation activities( 假日活动 ):_ _ _ _ _二选择填空( ) 1. The girl isnt short. She is _ than before.A. shortB. tall C. tallerD. shorter( ) 2. Li Ming and Lin Tao _ black eyes.A. hasB. have both C. both haveD. both has( ) 3. John is _ than Peter.A. funnierB. fun C. funny D. more funny( ) 4. My sister is _ more outgoing than me.A. moreB. most C. a littleD. little( ) 5. Her grandfather _ fishing on weekends.A. likes going B. like going C. likes goD. like to go( ) 6. I _ a movie this Sunday.A. watchB. watchesC. watchingD. am watching( ) 7. A: Can you go to the concert with us? B: _.A. Id love toB. Id likeC. Id loveD. Id like to( ) 8. I _ a primary school student two years ago.A. amB. wasC. beD. were( ) 9. He likes to do the same things _ me.A. inB. on C. likeD. as( )10. Maria is a student. _ is good at swimming.A. HeB. SheC. WeD. I三连句1. we, like, both, the, doing, same, things_.2. Tom, has, than , Sam, shorter, hair_.3. on, Were, Wednesday, tennis, playing, with, school , the ,team_.4. Tim, usually, school, subway, to, takes, the_.5. do, how, often, exercise, you?_?四. 根据句意，选择方框内所给的词语填空。tired staying walk heavier funny bicycle love lesson leaving concert1. How long are you _ in Miami?2. Are you _? No, I m hungry.3. I live next to the school. I always _ to school.4. Peter eats all the time. He is really _ than everyone in our class.5. Lisa is so _. She always makes everyone laugh.6. Mary rides her _ to school everyday.7. Can you study with me? Yes, Id _ to.8. Today I have a piano _. So I cant go shopping with you.9. When are you _ home?10.Can you go to the pop _ with me?五. 用比较级填空1. Who is _( heavy), Wang Lin or Lin Tao?2. Mr Green is _( serious) than Mr Brown.3. The sun is _( big) than the earth.4. Unit 4 is _( difficult) than Unit 5.5. My mother is _ (young) than your mother is.6. Which country is _( large) , China or Japan?7. Mary has _( long) hair than Betty.8. Its _( hot) in summer in Beijing than that in Dalian.9. Miss Yang is _ ( calm) than Miss Li.10. You are _( athletic) than Jim.六. 完成句子1. 他多长时间拜访祖父母一次？他每月拜访祖父母3到4次。 How _does he visit his grand parents? He _his grandparents _or _ _a month.2. 我姐姐和我一样。我们都很外向。 My sister is the _ _ me. We are both_.3. 我们应该每天打扫教室。We should _ our _ every day.4. 小明擅长游泳 Xiao Ming is _ _ _.5. 你看上去和你的妹妹长得一样你们是双胞胎吗？You and your sister _ _ _ . Are you twins?七. 写作昨天在你回家的路上,遇到一个两年未见面的小学同学XX（不用真实姓名）.你发现他/她与两年前有很大变化.请你描述一下他/她的变化.intellectual, popular, outgoing, athletic, polite (有礼貌的)， funnyYesterday on my way home I met a classmate of mine. We were in a primary school two years ago. I found he / she was much taller than before._ 【参考答案点拨】一、Parts of body(人体部位):ear nose neck shoulder arm Conveyance(交通工具):subway train boat plane busIllness and discomforts(疾病和疼痛): headache sore throat stomachache fever backache Frequency adverbs(频率副词):hardly often never sometimes alwaysVacation activities(假日活动): go camping babysitting go sightseeingsports camp go bike riding二、1. C 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. B1. C，根据题意，又than经常与比较级连用。2. C，both与实义动词连用时，必须放在实义动词的前面。3. A，than经常与比较级连用, funny以辅音字母加y 结尾，应去掉 y 加上ier.4. C，a little可以用来修饰比较级，这儿的a little more outgoing than me意思是：比我外向一点儿。5A，根据on weekends, 本题为一般现在是，主语是第三人称单数，动词用 likes,like doing sth和go fishing都是固定用法.6. D，用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作.7. A，表示很高兴接受别人的邀请时,常说: Id love to.意思是:我很乐意.8. B，two years ago 是一般过去时的时间状语。9. D，the same as 是固定用法,表示: 和.一样10. B，Maria(玛丽亚)是女孩子的名字三、1. We both like doing the same things.2. Tom / Sam has shorter hair than Sam / Tom.3. Were playing tennis with the school team on Wednesday.4. Tim usually takes the subway to school.5. How often do you exercise?四、1. staying 2. tired 3. walk4. heavier 5. funny6. bicycle 7. love8. lesson 9. leaving 10. concert1. How long 经常与延续性动词连用，又根据in Miami, 不能选leaving.2. 根据题中的hungry, 其它的形容词与hungry不能形成对照的关系3. walk, next to school意思是：紧挨着学校4. heavier, all the time意思是：总是，一直5. funny, make sb. laugh意思是：逗某人大笑6. bicycle, ride her bicycle, 动词短语：骑自行车7. love, 表示很高兴接受别人的邀请时,常说: Id love to. 意思是:我很乐意.五、 本题要求用比较级填空：1. heavier 2. more serious 3. bigger 4