译林8B期中复习二(语法梳理).docx

8B 期中复习二（语法梳理）U 1 Grammar 现在完成时1一， 概念1表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。【强调过去到现在】译为-了，-已经-Eg: Someone has already polluted the river. 2 _e.g.3 _e.g.二，结构。have/ has +V过去分词I already read this book many times.三，关键词【归纳总结；】 1. for +一段时间 2. since + 点时间/句子 3. how long 提问 1. in the past +一段时间 （译为； 在过去的-多长时间里） 2. during the last +一段时间注意；1. already 与yet 用法； Already; 用于肯定句， 放句中或句末 Yet; 用于一般疑问句，否定句， 放句末 2. since的时态用法； Since前用完成时，后用过去时。四，句型转换1. 变一般疑问句，把have , has提前。Already 改为yet.2. 变否定句，在have/ has后加not, Exercise完成填空，划出关键词。1. She already finish her homework. 变一般疑问句并作肯回，否回； 变否定句； 2. I just eat the food.3. you ever move house？4. we never hear of the story before.5. you see any films recently？ Yes, we have.6. Mr. Jackson write about 10 novels so far.7. Sunshine Town change a lot over the years.8. He live in this area since he was born. Since 的时态用法； 9. She teach English for 12 years.10. people plant many trees in the last few years.U 2 Grammar 现在完成时2一. have gone (to) : _ Have been (to) _- Have been (in) _Exercise: Where is John? He _ Beijing. He _ there since a week ago. Our teacher _ their office. They will be back in a minute. They _ never _ Singapore. But I _ there many times.二 现在完成时的延续性1. 在后面含有时间状语为 for+一段时间、since+点时间肯定句中或how long 提问的特殊疑问句中，动词需用延续性动词，非延续性动词需要转化。Eg: How long has the little baby slept? He has slept for six hours. He _ this motorcycle for over two years. A. has bought B. bought C. has had D. had had2. 非延续性动词转化的有。 buy -_-_ borrow-_-_ leave-_-_ die-_-_ begin/start-_-_ join-_-_ arrive/come/go-_-_open-_-_get married -_-_Exx.一、翻译句子1. 这些日子你去哪里了？2. 我父亲已经去上海出差去了。3. 他离开家已经10年了。4. 足球赛已经开始15分钟了。5. 他从去年加入了篮球俱乐部。6. 你去过香港迪士尼乐园几次?7. 她已经到达公司半个小时了。8. A: 我昨天没看见你。你去哪儿了？ B: 我去电影院了。 A: 你什么时候去电影院的？ B: 昨天下午。12. A: 我几天没看见你了? 你去哪儿了? B: 我去苏格兰(Scotland)参观城堡了。二、同义句转换。1. The class was over ten minutes ago. The class _ for ten minutes.2. His grandpa died in 2004. His grandpa _ for 14 years.3. The exhibition has been on for three days. The exhibition _ three days ago.Tense（时态）Concept（概念）the simple past tense（一般过去时）表示过去某时发生的动作，和现在（有、没有）关系。the present perfect tense（现在完成时）表示过去发生的某一动作,强调和现在（有、没有）关系。4. My parents got married 25 years ago. My parents _ for 25 years.U 3 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别Tense（时态）Structure （结构）the simple past tense（一般过去时）主语+V过去式+其他the present perfect tense （现在完成时）主语+have/has +V过去分词+其他Tense（时态）The time expressions（标志词）the simple past tense（一般过去时）yesterday, Last year, in May, in+过去某一年，two days ago, just now等注：句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. the present perfect tense （现在完成时）already, just, yet, ever, never, recently,before，for +一段时间, since+过去的时间点, these years, so far, up to/till now，in/during/over the past /last few/three years several times等连用according to the context（根据语境）Exx. 一、选词且用其适当形式填空be buy read return see showHave you ever dreamt of travelling around the world without a passport? Yes, you can realize your dream by taking an online tour. Yesterday Danniel (1)_ me an online tour of the USA. I (2)_ never _ so many wonderful pictrues before. Last week, I (3)_ a book about the places of interest in the USA. I (4)_ 20 pages already. Its really fun. My dad (5)_ just_from the USA, but I (6) _ never_ there. I hope I can visit the USA some day. 二、选择( )1.Hows Annie ? I _her for a long time . A.dont see B.wont see C.didnt see D.havent seen( )2.Mr White came to our school in 2008 and since then he_us English . A.teaches B.taught C.has taught D.will teach ( )3.-Wheres your brother, Jane ? -Hes not in Guiyang these days . He _Beijing . A.has gone to B.has been to C.will go D.went to ( )4. -Have you ever been to Shanghai ? -Yes .I _there a few months ago . A.have been B.went C.have gone D.will go ( )5. Someone _the classroom .Look !How clean it is! A. has swept B. is sweeping C. are sweeping D. have swept U 4 【一】 疑问词+to do 充当宾语，可以与宾语从句改同义句1. I dont know what to read= I dont know what I should read.规则；加主语和情态动词, 去to 2. Sandy is wondering where she can ask for help.= Sandy is wondering where to ask for help. 规则；去主语和情态动词，加toI have many clothes, but dont know to wear. A. what B. whichI have many nice dresses, but I dont know to wear. A. what B. which3. 词组 (1)和谁说话 who to talk to (2) 向谁寻求帮助 who to ask for help (3)去哪儿寻求帮助where to ask for help (4)何时交他们的作业when to hand in their work (5)用什么颜色涂强which colour to paint the walls. (6)谁的建议该采纳whose advice to take (7)随身携带多少钱how much money to take with you (8)做什么what to do (9)怎样做how to do it【二】 have to 与must 用法1. have to ; 不得不，必须 表示客观原因 must ; 1 必须 表示命令，表示主观意愿 2 一定 表示肯定的推测2. 否定用法dont / doesnt have to ;不必 Mustnt ; 严禁 表示禁止3. must 开头一般疑问句，肯定回答用must, 否定回答用neednt 或dont have to Eg; She has to leave now .一般疑问句； 。否定句； Daniel has to stay at home, ？ 反义疑问句拓展：特殊疑问词+动词不定式(1) “特殊疑问词动词不定式”的结构相当于一个名词，在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、同位语等成分。大部分特殊疑问词可用于该结构，如when, how, which, where, who等等。注意：疑问词_不能用于该结构。如：Where to go is still a question. 去哪里仍然是个问题。作主语；作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式)I know where to find the boy. 我知道哪里能找到这个男孩。(作动词know的宾语)The question is how to learn English well. 问题是怎样学好英语。(作表语)The question where to spend this weekend troubles Millie. 到哪儿过这个周末这个问题困扰着米莉。(作同位语)连词whether也可以用于该结构。如：They are talking about whether to have a party. 他们正讨论是否要举办一场聚会。(作宾语)(2) “特殊疑问词动词不定式”的结构经常用在某些动词(短语)后面作宾语，常见的有tell, show, know, learn, teach, find out, forget, wonder, remember等。如：Ill show you how to do it. 我会向你展示如何做这件事。“特殊疑问词动词不定式”的结构还可以用在be sure, be clear等后面作宾语。Im not sure when to leave. 我不确定何时离开。(3) “特殊疑问词动词不定式”结构可以把复合句转换为简单句。如：I dont know what Ill do next. I dont know what to do next. 我不知道下一步该做什么。反之可以将含有“特殊疑问词动词不定式”结构的简单句转换为复合句。改写时只需在疑问词后加上适当的主语，并把不定式改为适当形式的谓语即可。如：L