科技英语-电子教案

精品文档 1欢迎下载 教材 教材 科技英语综合教程科技英语综合教程 刘爱军 王斌主编 外语教学与研究出版社 刘爱军 王斌主编 外语教学与研究出版社 参考书目参考书目 1 Wuqiu FAN Selections on Practical EST Translation Foreign Language Publishing House 2001 范武邱 实用科技英语翻译讲评 外文出版社 2001 年 2 Zhijie FENG Essentials for EST Translation China Translation Publishing House 2000 冯志杰 汉英科技翻译指要 中国对外翻 译出版公司 2000 年 3 Xianfa HUA A New Practical Textbook of English Chinese Translation Hubei Education Press 2001 华先发 新适用英译汉教 程 湖北教育出版社 2001 年 4 Chengzhang LIN An Introduction to English Lexicology Wuhan University Press 1996 林承璋 英语词汇学引论 武汉大学出版社 1996 年 教学目的 本课程是教授数学系学生的一门英语提高课程 以科技英语文体的词汇语篇特 征 科技英语翻译的标准 科技英语翻译的常见语法错误 修辞问题和逻辑问 题为主要内容 以科技英语翻译理论为指导 在科技英语翻译实践的基础上 集多种教学模式和教学手段为一体的教学体系 本课程的教学目标是培养学生 的科技英语的翻译能力 使他们在今后学习和工作中能轻松地胜任科技英语情 报收集和翻译工作 Unit 1 Mathematics Text A Game Theory 科技英语阅读方法 一 科技英语翻译技巧 一 Text B Digital Signature in Applied Cryptography Unit 2 Medicine Text A Making a Little Progress 科技英语阅读方法 二 科技英语翻译 技巧 二 Text B Are Antibiotics Killing Us Unit 3 Genetics Engineering Text A Ready or Not Human ES Cells Head Toward the Clinic Text B Gene Doping 科技英语阅读方法 三 科技英语翻译技巧 三 Unit 4 Telecommunications Text A 10 Hottest Telecom Technologies of the Year I 科技英语阅读方法 四 科技英语阅读方法 四 Text B 10 Hottest Telecom Technologies of the Year II 精品文档 2欢迎下载 Unit 5 Wireless Communications Text A Your Next Computer 科技英语阅读方法 五 科技英语翻译技巧 五 Text B Share the Internet Wealth Unit 6 Computer Science Text A Get Mean Go Green 科技英语阅读方法 六 科技英语翻译技巧 六 Text B Conversational Computers Unit 7 Internet Text A We Know Where You Are 科技英语阅读方法 七 科技英语翻译技巧 七 Text B Why Skyware Poses Multiple Threats to Security Unit 8 Materials Text A Dsigning Superhard Materials 科技英语阅读方法 八 科技英语翻译技巧 八 Text B Toxic Potential of Materials at the Nanolevel 精品文档 3欢迎下载 Unit 1 Mathematics I The Definition of EST English for Science to originate course of action etc followed later by others 3 Text Organization Part One paras 1 3 Game theory can be defined as the sciene of strategy which studies both pure conflicts zero sum games and conflicts in cooperative forms Part Two paras 4 11 There are two distinct types of strategic imterdependence sequential move game and simultaneous move game Part Three paras 12 19 The typical examples of game theory are given as basic principles such as prisoners dilemma mixing moves strategic moves bargaining concealing and revealing information Part Four para 20 The research of game theory has succeeded in illustrating strategies 精品文档 5欢迎下载 in situations of conflict and cooperation and it will focus on the design of successful strategy in future V Assignments a background knowledge search for each lecture b preview work for each lecture c exercises after each lecture d self study of Text B and its exercises Unit 2 Medicine I Reading Techniques for EST Compound Words 复合词 1 复合词的构成 a 名词 名词 computer capacity 计算机能力 b 形容词 名词 synchronous orbit 同步轨道 c 分词 名词 combined carbon 结合碳 d 名词 动名词 altitude charging 高空增压 e 形容词 动名词 dynamic programming 动态规划 f 多词复合名词 industrial distribution equipment 工业配电装置 2 复合形容词的构成 a 名词 形容词 副词 形容词 red hot 炽热的 b 形容词 数词 名词 high frequency 高频的 c 名词 形容词 数词 名词 ed medium sized 中型的 d 名词 代词 形容词 副词 分词 well equipped 设备精良的 e 多词复合形容词 out of date 过时的 3 复合动词的构成 a 动词 介词 连词 动词 point and click 点击 b 动词 介词 sign on 登录 c 形容词 动词 mass produce 成批生产 II Translation Techniques for EST 1 意译 通过对原词的仔细推敲和理解 准确地译出其表达的科学概念 deep space 航天术语 外层空间 而非 深层空间 2 音译 根据英语单词的发音译成读音与原词大致相同的中文 hertz 赫兹 频率单位 精品文档 6欢迎下载 e mail 伊妹儿 电子邮件 3 意音结合译 在音译之后加上一个表示类别的词 或者把原词的一部分音译 而另一部分意译 Kuru 库鲁病 4 直译 在科技文献里 有些词可以直接使用原文 如商标 牌号 型号和表 示特定意义的字母 IBM system IBM 系统 III Text Analysis Making a Little Progress 1 Warm up Questions a What do you know about medicines or therapies for cancer b Can you give examples of the application of nanotechnology in our daily lives 2 Language Points a to bring blood to an old and desperate fight para 1 new blood n new member new comer b as they revert to their original spins para 4 revert to to return to a previous state c usher the protons to their original spins para 4 usher v to lead ab politelyl to some place eg The waitress ushered us to our seats reserved 3 Text Organization Part One para 1 The government decided to take an initiative to fight against cancer by means of nanotechnology Part Two para 2 Nanotechnology holds promise for cancer treatment on account of two main reasons size and function Part Three paras 3 8 Two kinds of nanoparticles nanocrystals of iron oxide and quantum dots have been used for cancer detection in tests on mice Part Four paras 9 18 Three kinds of nanoparticles dendrimers carbon nanotubes and 精品文档 7欢迎下载 liposomes have been used in tests for cancer killing Part Five paras 19 21 In spite of great progress in cancer nanotechnology there are still many problems to solve IV Assignments a background knowledge search for each lecture b preview work for each lecture c exercises after each lecture d self study of Text B and its exercises Unit 3 Genetic Engineering I Reading Techniques for EST Abbreviation 缩略词 1 截短词 cpd compound 化合物 maths mathematics 数学 2 字母缩略词 AMPS advanced mobile phone system 高级移动电话系统 3 首字母拼音词 NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织 II Translation Techniques for EST 1 Conversion 词的转译 a 动词转译成名词 The addition of 2 percent sodium carbonate to boiling water increase the bactericide effect Addtion 转译成 加入 全句译成 在沸水中加入 2 的碳酸钠会增加杀菌效果 b 具体词义转译为抽象词义 the study of the brain is one of the last frontiers of human 精品文档 8欢迎下载 knowledge and of much more immediate importance than understanding the infinity of space or the mystery of the atom 划线部分具体含义是 最后的边疆 译为抽象隐身意义 最新领域 c 抽象词义转译为具体词义 The pupil of the eye responds to the changes of light intensity respond to 作具体化转译 随 扩大或缩小 2 Amplification 词的增译 semi permanent coupler 半永久性结构 infinite adjustment 将 adjustment 的含义补充为 speed adjustment 译为 无极调速 3 Omission 词的省译 Best varieties have good resistance to loading 最好的品种抗倒伏力强 III Text Analysis Ready or Not Human ES Cells Head Toward the Clinic 1 Warm up Questions a What do you know about human ES cells Give some examples to show its application in the medical field b In your opinion what s the prospect of cell therapies 2 Language Points a But several hurdles remain Hurdle n obstacle or difficulty b pleaded with his colleagues to vote with him Plead with to ask for to beg c But these same traits also increase the risk trait n characteristic d ending up in the wrong place end up to be in a particular place or state finally 3 Text Organization Part One paras 1 6 Although hES cells hold promise for the clinic they still carry some risks in practice that discourage most groups from clinical trials 精品文档 9欢迎下载 except one companyy Geron Part Two paras 7 12 Keirstead and his colleagues have chosen spinal cord injuries as the first trial and carried out several experiments with the main purpose to indicate that the treatment can be safe Part Three paras 13 22 Some potential problems may turn up with the clinical trials such as improper differentiation tumor formatioon animal contamination and new mutations in culture Part Four paras 23 26 There is still a long way to go befoere cell therapies come onto the stage IV Assignments a background knowledge search for each lecture b preview work for each lecture c exercises after each lecture d self study of Text B and its exercises Unit 4 Telecommunication I Reading Techniques for EST Blending 拼缀词 1 前词首部 后词尾部 Chunnel channel tunnel 英吉利海峡隧道 铁路 2 前词全部 后词尾部 Copytron copy technology 高科技 3 前词首部 后词全部 Autocamp automobile camp 汽车宿营地 4 前词首部 后词首部 Biotech biology technology 应用生物学 生物技术 II Translation Techniques for EST 精品文档 10欢迎下载 形容词和副词的比较级 1 比较级单独使用的译法 译为 较 更 些 2 比较级 than 的译法 More than 可译为 与 相比 更 Less than 可译为 不到 3 程度状语 比较级 在比较级前会加上 much far even still a bit a little yet 译为 得多 大大 4 more and more 越来越 5 the more the more 越 越 III Text Analysis 10 Hottest Telecom Technologies 1 Warm up Questions a Can you name some of the hot telecom technologies b How do telecom technologies influence our daily life 2 Language Points a The slightest inkling of a recovery inkling n a slight hint or indication eg Can you give me some inkling of the technological trend b technology development never really went out of vogue out of vogue no llonger popular c broadband has become a commodity service broadband n a wide band of electromagnetic frequencies 3 Text Organization Part One paras 1 3 The industry is thinking technology again and it s time to check out 10 hottest technology picks for the year Part Two paras 4 8 精品文档 11欢迎下载 PacketCable Multimedia sets cable operators offering from a basic telephony service from an ILEC Part Three paras 9 12 Wi Fi roaming technology allows wireless user to wander from a narrowband cellular network onto a broadband Wi Fi network without changing handsets Part Four paras 13 16 Meshed networks proide city or metro wide broadband wireless coverage without requiring wired backhals Part Five paras 17 19 With the advent of hosted BoIP telephonu users will be able to manege all their calling feature over a web based interface and gain access to productivity enhancing applications Part Six paras 20 23 Active Ethernet is offered as as alternative to PON and it leverages the best of Ethernet and IP IV Assignments a background knowledge search for each lecture b preview work for each lecture c exercises after each lecture d self study of Text B and its exercises Unit 5 Wireless Communication I Reading Techniques for EST 精品文档 12欢迎下载 Derivative 派生词 Microscope 显微镜 词根 scope 词根的含义 look Monoraph 专著 词根 graph 词根的含义 written II Translation Techniques for EST Non finite Verb 非限定动词 1 分词 包括现在分词和过去分词 通常分词作主语的定语 以半年采用逆序 合译法 放在被修饰词之前 但是如果定语成分太长 则采用顺序分译法 译 为单独的词组或分句 The MEMS part made by Analog Devices Inc of Wilmington Massachusetts and other firms is a tiny chunk of silicon suspended in a cavity 由麻省威明顿市模拟设备公司与其他公司合作制造的 MEMS 部件是悬挂在凹处的 一小块硅 2 动名词 应当根据动名词短语在句中充当的成分来确定翻译时它正在汉语中 的位置 Squeezing fullerenes and nanotubes is unlikly to be an inexpensive practical synthetic route 句中的动名词短语 squeezing fullerenes and nanotubes 作主语放在句首 译 为 靠挤压形成富勒烯和纳米碳管绝非一个经济实用的途径 3 不定式 不定式在科技文章中用得很多 可以在句中作主语 宾语 表语 定语等 应根据在句中的成分及上下文确定在汉语中的位置 Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions 译为 所选择的结构材料在环境中应当能够保持其弹性 4 分词独立结构 一般采用顺译法 放在句子的后面 At the same time the waves are fanning out they are also separating b wavelength a process known as dispersion 句中分词独立结构代替同位语从句 作主句的同位语 采用顺译法 放在句子 的后面 译为 当这些波向外扩散时 它们也在按波长分开 这一过程叫频散 III Text Analysis Your Next Computer 1 Warm up Questions a Do you know anything abou the brief history of mobile phones b Nowadays most college students have got a mobile phone What do you think about this 2 Language Points a that pops up on his small screen each morning 精品文档 13欢迎下载 pop up to appear sometimes unexpectedly eg Click here and a list of files will pop up b but at 32 he s too old to indulge his hobby indulge v to let someone do or have sth That someone enjoys esp sth That is considered bad for someone c AT b preview work for each lecture c exercises after each lecture d self study of Text B and its exercises 精品文档 14欢迎下载 Unit 6 Computer Science I Reading Techniques for EST Finding out context clues 根据上下文的线索猜测词义 1 释义线索 2 近义词 反义词线索 Technology revolutions come in two flavors jarringly fast and iimperceptibly slow 文中的 fast 和 slow 互为反义词 根据句子结构 可判断出 jarringly 和 imperceptibly 也应互为反义词 jarringly 意为 震动地 刺耳地 imperceptibly 意为 不易察觉地 3 同位语线索 They have already gotten goats and mice to produce pieces of MSP 1 a protein displayed on the surface of the malaria parasite 这句话中对专业词汇 MSP 1 的含义用同位短语来进行解释 通过理解同位语的 意思可以猜测出 MSP 1 是一种蛋白质 译为 他们已经培育出山羊和老鼠以产 生 MSP 1 的碎片 MSP 1 是显示于疟疾寄生虫表面的一种蛋白质 4 举例线索 科技英语常用的引导用语 for example for instance such as like especially 等 II Translation Techniques for EST Multiples 倍数的译法 1 倍数增加的译法 英语中表示倍数增加的表达法有 1 表增加意义的词 by n times 或 by a factor of n 2 n times 表示增加意义的词的比较级 The production of various stereo recorders has been increased four times as against 1977 各种立体声录音机的产量比 1977 年增加了三倍 2 倍数比较的译法 1 n times larger than 被比较对象 译为 其大小为 的 n 倍 比 大 n 1 倍 This thermal power plant is four times larger than that one 这个热电站比那个热电站大三倍 2 n times as 原级 as 被比较对象 译为 是 的 n 倍 Iron is almost three times as heavy as aluminum 铁的重量几乎是铝的三 精品文档 15欢迎下载 倍 3 n times that 或表比较方面的词 of 被比较对象 译为 是 的 n 倍 This reservoir is four times the size of that one 这个水库是那个水库 的四倍 3 倍数减少的译法 1 表减少意义的词 by n times 或 by a factor of n 2 n times 表示减少意义的词的比较级 The automatic assembly line can shorten the assembling period by ten times 自动装配线能够使装配期缩短十分之九 III Text Analysis Get Mean Go Green 1 Warm up Questions a What do you know about the computing power of today s computers b What are the fundamental computing performance bottlenecks 2 Language Points a Businesses may not put much stock in recycling but when it comes to computing power put stock in sth to have confidence or credence in sth Eg put much little stock in sb sth b where existing technology would falter falter v to poerate or perform unsteadily or with a loss of effectiveness eg The automobile engine faltered c computing performance come at a steep price Come at a steep price to be very expensive to get with sth unpleasant happening as a result eg Fame comes at a steep price 3 Text Organization Part One paras 1 2 Reversible computing is the key to unlocking the power of tomorrow s computing platforms Part Two paras 3 9 Reasons why computing architectural changes are inevitable 精品文档 16欢迎下载 Part Three paras 10 13 When reversible computing will be largely adopted depends on their applications Part Four paras 14 17 How reversible computing works Part Five para 18 Conclusion It s time to investigate reversible computing further IV Assignments a background knowledge search for each lecture b preview work for each lecture c exercises after each lecture d self study of Text B and its exercises Unit 7 Internet I Reading Techniques for EST Post attributive 后置定语 1 介词短语作后置定语 1 of 表示所属关系 意为 的 2 for 表示 供 之用的 对 来说的 3 with 表示特征 意为 具有 的 用 的 2 分词作后置定语 现在分词和过去分词在句中置于名词后 通常作定语 修饰先行词 仍保持较 强的动词含义 Cryptography also enables Bob to check that the message sent by Alice was not modified by Eve and that the message he receives was really sent by Alice 密码学知识可以帮助鲍勃核查由爱丽丝发出的信息未经夏娃修改 并且他所获 取的信息确实由爱丽丝发出 3 形容词及形容词短语作后置定语 A player can use threats and promises to alter other players expectations of his future actions and thereby induce them to take actions favorable to him or deter them from making moves that harm him 博弈者可以通过恐吓和承诺来改变其他博弈者对他的未来策略预期 从而促使 精品文档 17欢迎下载 其他博弈者采取对其有利的行为或阻止其他博弈者的破坏性行为 4 副词作后置定语 The air outside pressed the side in 外面的空气将桶壁压得凹进去了 II Translation Techniques for EST Attributive Clause 1 逆序合译法 In 1952 scientists working with frogs transferred nulei into unfertilized eggs whose own nuclei had been removed 1952 年 科学家们用青蛙做实验 把细胞核移植入已除去细胞核的未受精卵中 2 顺序分译法 A doctor cell is fused to the egg b pulses of electricity which break down the donor cell s outer membrane and allow the egg to envelope its new nucleus 供体细胞由电脉冲注入到卵子中 电脉冲刺破供体细胞的外层薄膜 使得卵子 能拿包住其新核 II Text Analysis We Know Where You Are 1 Warm up Questions a Are you aware of locaiton technologies If