选修 7 词汇讲解.doc

选修 7 Unit 1 Living well核心单词1. ambition n. 雄心Her ambition is the presidency.她的抱负是成为一名总统。After several hourswork, she had no ambition to go dancing. 工作了数个小时之后，她没有精力去跳舞了。联想拓展ambitious adj. 志向远大的; 有雄心壮志的;有野心的be ambitious for (power/social position, etc.) 极欲获得(权力，社会地位等)be ambitious of success 渴望成功be ambitious to 一心想The prince was attracted by the girls beauty, and ambitious to marry her. 王子为女孩的美貌打动了，渴望能娶到她。 高手过招翻译句子 (原创)他的理想就是环游世界。作为一个志向远大的领导者，他想带领当地人过上幸福的生活。答案：His ambition is to sail around the world.As an ambitious leader, he wants to guide the local people to lead a happy life.2. beneficialadj. 有益的；受益的常用结构：be beneficial to . 对有用/有好处/有益A good diet is beneficial to ones health.良好的饮食有益于人的身体健康。联想拓展benefit n.利益；实惠；未来的好处 vt. 有益于，有助于 vi.(常与from，by连用)获益；得益于I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those people who were absent last week. 我打印了一些讲座的笔记，上周缺席的人会因此获益。Its said that yoga is of great benefit to human health. 据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大好处。I did it for his benefit. 我做这个是为了帮助他。The development of our countrys economy has benefited from the opening and reform policy. 我们国家的经济发展得益于改革开放的政策。高手过招单项填空The fall in prices will be beneficial small business. A. To B. From C. On D. forWhos most likely to the old ladys death? A. Benefit B. benefit frombe beneficial D. be beneficial to解析： 选A。考查固定搭配。句意为：物价下跌将对小型企业有利。be beneficial to .对有好处/有益。选B。句意为：谁最有可能从老妇人的死中得到好处？benefit from 从中获益。3. adapt v. 使适应;改编常用结构：adapt (oneself) to sth. 适应某物adapt .to . 使适应adapt sth. from sth. 根据某事将改编成be adapted from . 由改编You should adapt yourself to the new environment. 你应该适应新环境。The makers adapted the cartoons film for children from the Russian original.影片制作人为了孩子们将这本俄文原著改编成了卡通电影。易混辨析adapt/adopt/adjustadapt指“修改或改变以适应新条件”。adopt 指“采用，采取；收养；正式通过”。adjust指“调整，调节(使之适应)”。高手过招单项填空The new comers found it impossible to themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country. A. Suit B. Adapt C. Regulate D. relateCompared with adults, children the new surroundings better. A. come to B. turn toadapt to D. contribute to解析： 选B。考查词义辨析。句意为：这些新来者发现，在这个国家要完全适应这儿的气候并永久定居下来是不可能的。adapt (oneself) to sth.适应某物；符合句意。suit适合某人；regulate（用法律）管制；控制（机器，设备);调节；relate . to . 把同联系在一起。选C。考查短语辨析。句意为：和成年人相比，孩子们能更好地适应新环境。come to谈到，提到；turn to转向，求助于；adapt to适应；contribute to有助于，促使。4. conduct n. 行为v. 指挥 The chairperson conducted the hearing. 主席主持了这个听证会。His conduct of the business was very successful.他的事业进展得相当顺利。The curator conducted the visitors around the museum.馆长领着游客们在博物馆中参观。常用结构：a bad conduct 恶劣行为under the conduct of 在指导(管理)下联想拓展conductor n. 领导者, 经理 高手过招翻译句子 （原创）在农业专家的指导下,当地农民过了个丰收年。今天下午向导指挥着小学生参观了博物馆。答案：Under the conduct of the agricultural experts, local farmers had an abundant year.The guider conducted the students in primary school around the museum this afternoon.5. absence n. 缺席；不在We did not receive any news during his long absence.他长期缺席期间，我们没有得到他的一点消息。常用结构：absence of mind 心不在焉in ones absence (from) 当某人不在的时候in the absence of 缺乏I dont agree to this decision as it was made in my absence.我不同意这个决定，因为它是我不在场的时候做出的。联想拓展absent adj. 不在的；缺席的be absent from 缺席；不在；不存在；缺少be present at 出席；到场presence n. 出席；到场He had to make up the lessons he had missed as he had been absent from class for three weeks.他必须补上由于旷课3个星期所耽误的课程。Absence from work leads to deduct of payment. 旷工的结果就是扣除工资。 高手过招完成句子 (汤姆没有参加) her birthday party made Sue very disappointed. There were so many people (缺席会议) that the meeting had to be put off.答案： Toms absence fromabsent from the meeting6. resign v. 辞职；委托；把交托给(to, into)常用结构：resign ones position (as secretary) 辞去(秘书)职务resign office 辞职resign oneself to 听任(某种影响); 只好(做某事)resign oneself to ones fate 听天由命resign . to. 把托付给In order to look after her sick mother, Mary decided to resign her position as a manager in the company.为了照顾生病的母亲，玛丽决定辞去公司经理的职务。I resign my children to your care.我把孩子们委托你来照顾。高手过招翻译句子（原创）在任何情况下，我们都不能听天由命。我只好在长队中等候。答案： In no situation, shall we resign ourselves to our fate.I resigned myself to a long wait in line.重点短语7. in other words 换句话说联想拓展in word 意为“在口头上”，置于句末或句中。in words 意为“用语言（来表达）”，通常置于句末。in a/one word意为“简言之，总之”，通常置于句首，有时也放在句中。big words 大话break ones word 失信；食言eat ones word 收回前言get in a word 插话have a word with 与谈一谈keep ones word 遵守诺言 leave word 留言say a few words （即席）说几句话upon ones word 一定word by word 按词序排列；逐字逐句地In a word, we must try our best to do the task.总之，我们必须尽最大努力来做这项工作。 高手过招（1）单项填空Would you like to help us? , no. A. In a word B. In wordsC. In word D. In other words(2)完成句子 She has a good handwriting, and is good at writing articles. (总而言之), she is a qualified secretary. The beauty of sunset can not be described (用语言). The person who (同讲话) my father is one of my relatives. The couple (争吵) each other in the street ignoring the eyes of passers-by.解析：(1) 选A。in word 意为“在口头上”，置于句末或句中。in words 意为“用语言（来表达）”，通常置于句末。in a/one word 意为“简言之，总之”，通常置于句首，有时也放在句中，符合语境。(2)In a word in wordshas a word with have words with8. all in all 极其重要的；重于一切的；最关心；最爱的；从各方面考虑；从各方面来说；总的来说All in all, her condition is greatly improved.总的说来，她的健康状况大大好转。联想拓展above all 首先；首要；最重要的 all through 一直，在整个期间after all 终究，毕竟all told 总共，合计all alone 独自，独立地all up 无望；结束；彻底完了all along 始终，一直，一向and all 连同其他一切all around （ 在）周围，各处at all 根本不，一点也不all at once 突然，忽然，同时，一下子for all 尽管 高手过招单项填空 , he cried aloud. A. All at once B. Once in a whileC. Generally D. All in all解析：选A。all at once= suddenly突然,符合句意。 9. cut out切掉,删掉 I cut this article out of the newspaper.我从报纸上剪下了这篇文章。联想拓展cut down 砍倒; 削减,压缩cut up 切/破碎cut off 切断, 停掉;隔绝, 挡住Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass.由于人们砍树挖草导致了沙漠的产生。The flood cut off their supplies.洪水切断了他们的供给。 高手过招用适当的介词填空 I must cut going to bed late.The car industry cut production.The woodchopper cut the tree and cut it .答案： out down down; up10. in addition （常与to连用）此外是介词短语，作副词用，相当于词组as well，其后不能跟名词或其他任何成分，一般位于两个句子中间或置于句末。位于两个句子中间时，常用逗号与句子隔开。There are many shops around the railway station. In addition, there are some newlybuilt hotels there.火车站附近有很多商店，此外，那里还有一些新建的旅馆。Aunt Mary gave us sandwiches for our picnic and a bag of cookies in addition. 玛丽舅母为我们去郊游准备了三明治，另外还准备了一袋甜饼。 温馨提示in addition to是介词短语，其后接名词或代词等作其宾语，意义大体相当于as well as和 besides。 高手过招单项填空 the fact that he gained a great many achievements, he remained modest. A. In addition to B. BesidesC. Despite D. Though 解析：选C。despite 意为“尽管，虽然”，是介词。though意为“尽管，虽然”是连词。in addition to, besides均意为“除之外还”。重点句型11. Does this disability make it difficult for them to do some things?残疾使得他们做一些事情很困难吗？本句采用的是“主语+make+it+adj./n.+动词不定式”的结构。在本结构中，it 只是形式宾语。而后面的for sb. to do sth.才是真正的宾语。在这个不定式短语中，for sb.又成了to do的逻辑主语。用在这种结构中的其他动词还有：think, feel, find, consider等。It makes it possible for the earth to support so many people. 这样就使得地球养活这么多的人成为可能。Some students may think it difficult to learn English well. In fact, it isnt. 有的学生也许认为很难把英语学好，其实不然。温馨提示因为是不定式作宾语，易错将不定式直接放到动词make, feel, think等词的后面。只要这些动词后跟形容词或名词作宾补，就要用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式放在后面。 高手过招(1)单项填空I found impossible for to work out the maths problem. A. it; he B. that; he C. that; him D. it; him(2）根据句子结构填词 I felt a great honour to be invited to the party. 解析：(1) 选D。it在这里用作形式宾语。在英语中能作形式主语或宾语的只能是it，that/ this都不可以。(2)it核心单词1. desire n. 渴望vt. 想要常用结构：desire sth. 渴望得到某物desire to do sth. 希望/渴望做某事desire that sb. (should) do 要求have a desire for sth./to do sth. 渴望得到某物/希望做某事at ones desire 照某人的希望We all desire happiness and health.我们都希望幸福健康。Everyone has a desire for success, but not everyone desires to get rich.每个人都渴望成功，但并非人人都渴望金钱。He desires you to go to see him at once.=He desires that you should go to see him at once.他要求你马上去见他。(2)翻译句子 他想接受大学教育。他们要我快点回来。我请他立即回信。她要你立即见她。她应邀演奏了一曲。解析：(1) 选B。wish表示不能实现的愿望，句型搭配wish for sth.；C、D两项不符合题意。desire渴望，想要；符合句意。(2)He desired a college education.They desire me to return soon.I desire an immediate answer of his.She desires that you (should) see her at once.She played a piece at othersdesire/by desire.2. alarm n.警报vt.使惊恐We were much alarmed by the fire in the forest.森林失火使我们大为惊慌。常用结构：give /raise the alarm 发警报ring the alarm 敲警钟sound the alarm 发警报; 吹警报号take (the) alarm at 对感到吃惊; 因而惊恐be alarmed at . 被吓一跳As soon as he saw the smoke, he sounded the alarm.一看见烟雾，他就鸣响了警报。高手过招翻译句子 看到孩子们在返校时遭遇车祸的消息，家长们很害怕。看到大火，社区的居民发出警报。答案：The parents took (the) alarm at the news that their children caught a traffic accident when returning the school.The residents in the community raised the alarm when seeing the great fire. 3. accompanyvt.陪伴常用结构：accompany sb. to a place 陪伴某人去某地accompany sth. with/by sth. 与同时存在He accompanied his old father to the hospital to see whats wrong with his stomach.他陪他的老父亲去医院查看胃部出了什么问题。Thunders accompanied by heavy rain in this season are very common.这个季节，雷鸣常常伴有大雨。高手过招翻译句子 总统出现了,被六个健壮的保镖护随着。回到家乡，他的老同学们陪着他参观了这个城市。答案：The president appeared and was accompanied by six strong bodyguards.When returning hometown, he was shown around the city accompanied by his old classmates.4. envy n.&vt. 妒忌；羡慕常用结构：envy sb. doing/for sth. 忌妒或羡慕某人做某事with envy 羡慕地；忌妒地be the envy of 是令人羡慕/忌妒的事物out of envy 出于妒忌I envy you having such a good friend!我羡慕你有这么一位好朋友！They looked at her new car with envy.他们羡慕地看着她的新车。He was filled with envy of me at my success.他十分羡慕我的成功。They only say such unkind things about you out of envy. 他们纯粹出于忌妒才说你这些坏话。 联想拓展envious adj. 羡慕的； 妒忌的be envious of 妒忌；羡慕 高手过招翻译句子 （原创）她出于忌妒说了关于你的这些话。汤姆妒忌他哥哥事业上的成功。答案：She said these words about you out of envy.Tom was envious of his brothers success in business.重点短语5. reach for伸手碰到/去拿/够到He reached for his gun when he heard the enemys sound. 当他听到敌人的声音时就伸手去拿自己的枪。He reached into his pocket for his keys. 他把手伸到口袋里找钥匙。联想拓展reach to 达到；触到 within/out of/beyond ones reach 在某人伸手可及/够不到的距离 高手过招单项填空I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the childrensA.Reach B. Hand C. Hold D. Place 解析：选A。考查固定搭配。out of ones reach意为“在某人伸手够不到的距离”；符合句意“孩子够不着”。6. test out 考验；试验This model had been tested out before it was put into production.这个型号经过试验后才进行大批量生产。Before the lecture, the professor is used to testing out the whole experiment.上课前，这个教授习惯先将整个实验试验一番。联想拓展test on sb./sth. 在(身上)做实验/试验have/take a test in 参加考试 高手过招翻译句子 （原创）成千上万的人们将参加这周日的公务员考试。那个咨询顾问总是先将新的政策在他自己的公司里进行实验。答案： Tens of thousands of people will take an entrance test for government officers this Sunday.The consultant always testing the new policy on his own company first.7. ring up 打电话给On arriving at the airport, he rang up his mother to say everything was OK.一到达机场，他就打电话给母亲报平安。联想拓展ring back 回电话ring off 挂断电话;停止讲话ring a bell 唤醒(经常是模糊的记忆)ring up the curtain 开始(一场演出，一个事件或一次行动)I have to ring off now because my friend is waiting for me.我朋友在等我，我得挂电话了。高手过招翻译句子 今早他刚起床就有人给他打电话了。见到老板进来，他赶紧挂断电话假装在工作。答案：The moment he got up this morning, someone rang him up.Seeing his boss coming, he hurried to ring off and pretended to be working. 8. leave .alone不打扰Leave him alone and he will produce.别打扰他，他会写出来的。You shouldnt have left Andy alone in the mountains, it was very dangerous.你不该将安迪一个人留在山上，因为那样非常危险。联想拓展leave behind 留下,遗留leave aside (把某事)搁置一边leave for 出发前往leave out 省去;遗漏;不考虑He was asked to leave for another city in 24 hours.他被要求24小时内离开到另一个城市去。The teacher required us to leave out some unnecessary words in our essays.老师让我们将论文中一些不必要的词语省去。 高手过招翻译句子 （原创）老板携款潜逃了，只留下一间空厂房。听到警报，警察丢下家人冲出去看发生了什么事。 答案：The boss escaped with all his fortune and left an empty factory behind.Hearing the alarm, the policeman left his family behind and rushed out to see what happened.9. set aside将放到一边；节省或保留（钱或时间）；暂时不考虑He set all offers aside. 所有的提议他都置之不理。联想拓展set down 记下，写下set off 动身;爆炸set out 出发；开始做set up 创立，建立；竖起He set off for work. 他动身去上班。高手过招单项填空 Try to at least an hour each day for learning new vocabulary. A.set off B. set out C. set aside D.set down 解析：选C。句意为：争取每天至少抽出1小时时间学习新词汇。set aside为某种目的留出、拨出（金钱、时间）等，符合句意。10. turn around转向He heard a voice but when he turned around, he saw nobody. 他听到一个声音，但转身却没发现有人。As he walked towards the hotel, he suddenly turned around and found an old lady following him.当他朝旅馆走去时，突然转身发现一个老妇人跟着他。联想拓展turn away 把(脸)转过去turn against 背叛；反抗turn on/off 打开/关掉turn up 出现;调大(音量)turn down 拒绝;调小(音量)turn out 结果是;证明是高手过招翻译句子 那个年轻的女士无法想像要是她的丈夫背叛她的话会是怎么样。虽然贫穷，但是女孩毅然地拒绝了别人的帮助。答案：The young lady cant imagine what if her husband turns against her.Though poor, the girl turned down othershelp firmly.重点句型11. Claire didnt want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her to be harmed.克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里，特别是在她丈夫离别三周的这个期间。但是，克莱尔被拉里说服了。他说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会让别人来伤害她。to be harmed为动词不定式的被动语态。All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.所有的这些礼物必须马上邮寄，以便在圣诞节时及时收到。It remains to be seen whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals.吉姆最后是否适合演出仍将拭目以待。高手过招翻译句子 （原创）小汤姆假装被射中了哭喊着要糖吃。此药得一日三次，饭后服用。答案：Little Tom pretended to be shot and cried for a candy.The medicine is required to be taken three times a day after meals.12. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.当她转过身时，（她发现）Gladys站在那儿。there stood Gladys Claffern为倒装句。在谓语为动词go, come, run, stand, live等表示位置转移的动词及be动词的句子中,为了强调句子中一些副词there, here, up, down, in, out, away等，可将副词置于句首，若这时主语是名词，句子用全倒装；若是代词，则不用倒装。There comes the teacher and her students.老师和她的学生们来了。Out rushed the boys.男孩们冲了出去。高手过招翻译句子 （原创）年轻的母亲抱着怀里两个月大的婴儿跑开了。(用倒装结构)生气的老板和他的秘书走了进来。答案：Away ran the young mother with a twomonthold baby in her arms.In came the angry boss and his secretary.Unit 3 Under the sea核心单词1. witnessvt. 当场见到；目击vi. 作证n. 目击者；证人；证据We all came to witness history and watch the historic flig