同位语从句学案doc.doc

学案Xx 同学，在中学的时候是不是已经学过了很多从句了，比如主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句.等等，尤其是在初三的时候我们就已经简单的接触过定语从句，你学的怎么样呢？其实从句在初中还不是一个考试的重点，但是现在步入高中，从句是个高考常考的一个重难点，所以我们必须得好好掌握好一切从句。在高一上学期，这儿会有一个新的知识点，那就是同位语从句，但是在学习这部分的时候，有可能将它和定语从句混淆，感到迷惑不解。没关系，今天我们一起来好好区别这两个从句，争取把他们一举拿下，加油哦！ 同位语从句（Appositive clauses）1 什么是同位语举例： 同位语对前面的名词或代词作进一步的解释，通常由名词，数次，代词或从句等担任。This is Mr. Li, our head master.Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.Our manager，Mr Lee，will soon return.举例：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1. 由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers. 2.如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。He told me hat his brother John is a world-famous doctor.brother和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.同位语Mr.James补充解释myEnglishteacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开。3.同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.He is interested in sports, especially ball games.二定义1 简单句： 复合句：有一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句和从句都有完整的主语和谓语。由连接词引导从句，说明主句的作用，不能单独存在.2. 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。1)与前面所指的内容一样；2）并且叙述的是前面具体内容的从句。 I heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 I had no idea that you were here我不知道你在这里。三常见的可以跟同位语从句的词（抽象名词）news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility等。如：I have come from Mr. Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon四常见引导词英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。）如： l have no idea When he will be back He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.五、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如： The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 六、that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 1、回忆引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词如：1）Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday2）IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.3) YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.所以，定语从句的结构是： + + 关系代词thatwhichwhosewhowhom成分关系副词(不做成分，仅仅表达意思)： 时间： 地点： 原因： 2. 区别1）、连接词的作用不同。同位语从句的连接词that只起将同位语从句与先行词之间的连接作用，不在从句中担任任何句子成分。引导定语从句的连接词是关系词，它们除了连接从句的作用外，还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语、表语等。2）、从句的作用不同。 再次强调，同位语从句具有名词的特点，对中心词作进一步补充解释，是中心词的具体内容。定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点，对先行词起修饰、限定作用，与先行词之间是所属关系。所以，定语从句一般是不能省略的，否则意思就不完整；而同位语从句则可以省略，省略后整个句子还是完整的，只是加上同位语从句后表达更加具体了。下面通过三个例子可以说明以上两点： （1）The man that you saw just now is my bother. （2）The suggestion that the meeting be put off proved right. （3）The suggestion that he had made is that the meeting be put off. 七由when, why, where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词，但它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。例如：1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 2. I have no idea when she will be back. 判断：1. The news that she heard is true.。 2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 3. This is the house where I lived two years ago 4. The question where we shall have a meeting hasnt decided. 5The reason why he was chosen remains unknown. 6. The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 高考真题链接1. The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.(2007 上海卷) A. whenB. whyC. whether D. that2. We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.A. that B. when C. which D. where3. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though4. News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where5. It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.Pick up Pick out Pick on A. as B. which C. whether D. that6Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport? No problem.WhenB. that C. whetherD. What7. These are things and persons _Ive heard of. A. who B. whom C. which D. that Pass away Pass out Pass by 8. Please tell me everything _you know. A. what B. that C. which D. all what 9. We know the fact _he has gone to college. A. that B. which C. what D. why 10.I received the news _Xiao Ping had passed away. A. what B. that C. which D. in which 11. This is the thing _he referred to. Join + Take part in + Join in + A. who B. whom C. / D. what 12. The factory _we work is very big. A. that B. which C. where D. who 13. The factory _we visited is very big. A. that B. where C. in which D. on which 14. This is the day _we joined the army. A. which B. that C. when D. in which15. The village _we stayed in last year is not far from here. A. that B. where C. in which D. there16. The factory _sells shoes is near to our school. A. that B. where C. in which D. /17.The reason _he didnt succeed is _he is lazy. A. that; that B. which; which C. why; that D. why; because18. The reason _he gave me was not reasonable. A. that B. why C. for D. for which19. September 18, 1913 is the day _well never forget. A. that B. when C. on which D. on that 20. I remember the day _ we first met on. A. which B. when C. in which D. on that 21. Is this factory _we visited last year? A. where B. in which C. the one D. at which 22. Is this the factory _your father worked? A. where B. which C. of which D. in that 23. Is this the factory _colour TV sets are produced? A. that B. which C. in which D. in that 24. This is Mr. Smith, _I think has something interesting to tell you. A. who B. whom C. that D. X25. His father is an engineer, _makes him very proud. A. for what B. which C. that D. what26. I, _your close friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is 27.That was the reason _Mac refused to speak at the meeting. A. why B. that C. which D. of which 28. Is there any questions _ troubles you much? A. which B. where C. who D. that 29.