定语从句基本介绍及定语从句专项练习题与答案详解.doc

定语从句基本介绍定义:定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语，所以叫作定语从句。 先行词： 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 关系词： 引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）和关系副词(where,when,why,)。 复合句 ： The man who (that) came is Mike. 先行词 关系代词 Li Ming is the one that got full marks in our class. 先行词 关系代词 上句的黑体字为复合句中的主句，蓝体字为定语从句的引导词. 一 定语从句的关系代词 Which的用法: 若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语. This is the pen which was given by my friend. 先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语 This is the pen which my friend gave to me. 先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语 （上面两个例句蓝色字和红色字在某种程度上等价）二 定语从句的关系代词Who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom) The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语 The man whowhom he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语 She is the girl with whom I went there. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前. （上面两个例句蓝色字和红色字在某种程度上等价）三 定语从句的关系代词Whom的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语) ,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom This is the teacher whomwho we like best. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语 She is the girl whom who I went with there. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾. I dont like the boy to whom you are talking. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前. 四 定语从句的关系代词 that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 The animal that which is lost is a panda. 先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语 She is the person that who we are worried about. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语 注意1 that which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that (1) 关系代词前有介词时. This is the hotel in which you will stay. (2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新开放) to us. 注意2that which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which. (1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时 （特殊的）This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities. English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. (2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时 He is the last person that I want to see. (3) 主句中已有疑问词时 Which is the bike that you lost? （这个句子曾经是你们老师布置给你翻译的）(4) 先行词既有人又有物时 （我记得这种情况只能用that）The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station. (5) 先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代词时 You should hand in all that you have. We havent got much that we can offer you. I mean the one that you talked about just now. (6) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等词修饰时 The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class. Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class. (7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that Edison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been seen before. 定语从句的关系副词 Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语. This is the house+I was born in the house. (=I was born there) 介词短语 副词 =This is the house where I was born.这就是我在那儿出生的房子. 先行词 关系副词 in which I was born. 介词+关系代词 which I was born in. 关系代词 这里作介宾的which和that可以省略 that I was born in 关系代词. 练习：用which ，where填空 1 This is the factory where they want to visit。 2 My sister works in a bookshop in which we can read many kinds of books 3 Have you visited the city where the famous scientist was born? 4 Is this the museum which they visited last month? 5 He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. 6 The pencil with _which_ he wrote was broken. 7 Is this the shop _which_ sells childrens clothing? 8 I still remember the sitting-room _where_ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. 9 Dont go in, this is the shop _which_ we have just been to。 10 Please show me the book _which_ you bought yesterday . 二 定语从句的关系副词 When的用法: 若先行词指时间且其在定语从句 中充当时间状语. He came at a time +we needed help at a time. 介词短语 =He came at a time when we needed help 关系副词 at which we needed help 介词+关系代词 which we needed help at 关系代词 这里的作介宾的which 和that可以省略 that we needed help at 三 关系副词why的用法：在定语从句中只要先行词是the reason，它的关系副词就是why。 如：The reason why Im calling you is to定语从句专项练习题与答案详解1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, _ from east to west. Those _ run from north to south are called avenues.A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that2. This is the case _ hes had all his money stolen.A. when B. where C. that D. on which3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, _ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything _ .A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him toC. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him5. How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one _ the telephone number is provided.A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose6. October 15 th is my birthday, _ I will never forget.A. when B. that C. what D. which7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely.A. when B. where C. which D. whose8. There are several research centers in China _ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A. which B. where C. when D. what9. I hope that the little _ I have been able to do does good to them all.A. which B. what C. that D. when10. The time is not far away _ modern communications will becomewidespread in Chinas vast countryside.A. as B. when C. until D. before11. _ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.A. It B. As C. Which D. What12. I shall never forget the day _ Shen Zhou V was launched, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that13. The bread my wife makes is much better than _ you can buy at a store.A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which14. There is no such place _ you dream of in all this world.A. that B. what C. which D. as15. The people, _ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all whose homes B. all of whose homesC. all their homes D. all of their homes16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, _ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. A. who B. when C. on which D. which17. Is this research center _ you visited the modern equipment last year?A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old _ they swam in it.A. when B. that C. who D. where19. The man showed us so heavy a stone _ no man can lift.A. that B. as C. which D. and20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during _ time he learned much spoken English. A. that B. this C. which D. same答案与解析：1. A. 主语与run(延伸)是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those指街道，所以不用who而用that来引导定语从句。2. B. 因为在此题中where引导定语从句，表示“在这种种况下”，与in which相当。3. A. 因为先行词是Beijing而不是this autumn所以用where引导定语从句。4. B. 答案B是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，另外，to后还省略了动词原形paint。5. C. 因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whosetelephone number。6. D. 因为这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话的内容。7. B. 因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的the point在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导定语从句。8. B. 因为先行词是research centers并在定语从句中作状语，所以用where。9. C. 因为当先行词是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing等时，多用that引导定语从句。10. 因为先行词是the time，且在定语从句中作状语，所以用when引导。此题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开了，要善于辨别。11. B. 先行词是Taiwan is a part of China整个主句，一般由as或which引导定语从句，但which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后，另外，as有“正如”之意，而which没有，所以用as。顺便说说，原句改为：It is known to everybody that Taiwan is= What is known