教案 主谓一致_学案.doc

高考英语语法专题讲解-主谓一致1. 就前一致原则主语后跟有以下引起的短语:谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。1.1 with ,along with ,together with: Alice (together) with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.1.2 except/but/ besides: Every picture except/ but these two has been sold.1.3 rather than / including / as well as The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.1.4 like: He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.2. 就近原则 2.1 主语由以下连词连接：谓语动词与后一个主语一致:2.2.1(Either)or: Either you or I am going to the movies.2.2.2 Neithernor2.2.3 Whetheror2.2.4 Not onlybut (also)2.2.5 Notbut 2.2 there be 句型: there be (stand, lie, live, fly, exist, run)句型中(表示存在)： be 动词与后面第一个名词一致 E.g. There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates. 2.3副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away, such连接的全部倒装结构中：谓语动词由其后面的主语决定On the wall hang two maps. On the wall hangs a world of map. Such _ the result. 结果就是这样。Such _ the results. 这就是结果What we need _ (be) doctors.What we need _ _(be) more time.3. 复数原则3.1 the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。 the rich /poor /old /young /living /dead /weak /strong /sick /blind /wounded /killed /injured /unemployed： E.g. The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 3.2集合名词people, police ,cattle作主语，谓语动词用复数形式： E.g. The police are searching for him. The cattle are grassing (吃草)。3.3 trousers, glasses, shoes, stockings, things(情况), feelings, surroundings (环境),the Olympic Games, goods(货物) 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；3.4以s结尾的表示群岛，山脉，瀑布的专有名词作主语时。如：the Philippines , Rocky moutains等。The Philippines _(lie) to the southeast of China3.5某国家人作主语时。如：the Chinese , the French , the Japanese , the English等。4. 谓单原则4.1 and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。E.g. Every boy and girl has been invited to the party. No teacher and no student is absent today. Many a student is busy with their lessons.4.2 用many a, more than one 修饰名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 E.g. More than one person has made the suggestion. Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife.4.3 Each, Either, One, Another, The other, Neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：E.g. Each takes a cup of tea. Either is correct.4.4 由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：E.g. Nothing is to be done. 4.5 以s结尾的学科名词，如：politics, physics, plastics作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.Eg: Politics is my favorite 4.6表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词常用单数形式：E.g. Three years is not a long time. Ten dollars is what he needs. Five hundred miles is a long distance.4.7复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式： news, maths, physics, politics, plastics(塑料学), Great Expectations远大前程，the United States (美国) 等学科、书名、国名等作主语，谓语动词用单数；E.g. The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。 “The Arabian Nights”（天方夜谭）is an interesting book.5. 具体情况原则5.1 all, few, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定： All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。不可数- 谓单 All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。可数- 谓复 Most of the wood was used to make furniture. 不可数- 谓单 Most of the people are from England. 可数- 谓复 All _ (be) present. Lets begin the meeting. 指人，谓语用复数 Now all _ (have) been changed. 指物，谓语用单数 5.2 并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词：The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow. （一个人）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.（两个人）Bread and butter is their daily food. 5.3 population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数： The population of China is larger than that of Japan. One third of the population here are workers. 5.4 the number of + 名词复数，是表示“的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； a number of + 名词复数，表示许多， 作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式: The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year. A number of students have gone for an outing.5.5 有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience, government, army, enemy, club, committee, company等 作主语时： 如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式： My family is going to have a long journey. My family are fond of music. The class has won the honour. The class were jumping for joy. 5.6 means 单复数同形，谓语动词取决于前面的修饰词。 All means _(try) many times Every means _(try) many times 5.7 a lot of /lots of /plenty of /a large quantity of /a large amount of +名词”作主语，谓语动词的数与名词的数一致 但“(large /huge) quantities /amounts of名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用复数。5.8 a great deal of + 不可数名词+谓语动词单数6. 先行词原则关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. Those who _ (want) to go please sign your names here. It is I who _(be) leaving for Beijing7. 非谓语动词、从句表单一概念、名词所有格作主语，谓语动词一般用单数. Seeing _ (be) believing.Early to bed and early to rise _(be) a good habit .My uncles _ (be) not far from here.When and where we should go _very important.When and where to hold the meeting _(not be) decided yet .When to hold and where to hold the meeting _(not be) decided yet .8. 量词如：kind，piece，series等连接名词，谓语动词取决于量词的单复数。This kind of paper _(tear) easily .These kinds of paper _(tear) easily .主谓一致概览1. 就前一致原则1.1 with ,along with ,together with: 1.2 except/but/ besides: 1.3 rather than / including / as well as 1.4 like: 2. 就近原则2.2.1(Either)or: 2.2.2 Neithernor2.2.3 Whetheror2.2.4 Not onlybut (also)2.2.5 Notbut2.2 there be 句型: be 动词与后面第一个名词一致2.3副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away, such连接的全部倒装结构中：3. 整体原则3.1 the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。3.2集合名词people, police ,cattle作主语，谓语动词用复数形式：3.3 trousers, glasses, shoes, stockings, things(情况), feelings, surroundings (环境),the Olympic Games, goods(货物) 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；4. 谓单原则4.1 and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。4.2 用many a, more than one 修饰名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式。4.3 当Each, Either, One, Another, The other, Neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：4.4 由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：4.5 politics, physics, plastics作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.4.6表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词常用单数形式：4.7复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式：5. 具体情况原则5.1 all, few, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest，分数，百分数等作主语时，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定：5.2 并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词：5.3 population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数：5.4 the number of + 名词复数，是表示“的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； a number of + 名词复数，表示许多， 作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式:5.5 有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience, government, army, enemy, club, committee, company等 作主语时： 如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式； 如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式：5.6 means 单复数同形，谓语动词取决于前面的修饰词。5.7 a lot of /lots of /plenty of /a large quantity of /a large amount of +名词”作主语，谓语动词的数与名词的数一致 但“(large /huge) quantities /amounts of名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用复数。5.8 a great deal of + 不可数名词+谓语动词单数6. 先行词原则7. 非谓语动词、从句表单一概念、名词所有格作主语，谓语动词一般用单数. 8. 量词如：kind，piece，series等连接名词，谓语动词取决于量词的单复数。巩固练习（ ） 1. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were, wasB. was, wasC. was, wereD. were, were（ ） 2. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playing D. play（ ） 3. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are（ ） 4. Ten minutes _ a long time for one who waits. A. seem B. seems C. seemed D. are seemed（ ） 5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _ a driving license. A. has B. have C. is having D. are having（ ） 6. Joy and Sorrow _ next-door neighbours. A. is B. are C. were D. be（ ）7. In my opinion, some of the news _ unbelievable. A. are B. is C. has been D. have been（ ）8. When _ the United Nations founded? A. is B. are C. was D. were（ ）9. Every possible means _ . A. has tried B. has been tried C. was tried D. were tried（ ）10. What she says and does _ nothing to do with me. A. was B. were C. has D. have（ ）11. There _ a dictionary and several books on the desk. A. are B. must C. have been D. is（ ）12. Nobody _ seen the film. Its a pity. A. but Tom and Jack have B. except Tom and Jack have C. but my friends has D. but I have（ ）13. No teacher and no student _ A. are admitted B. is admitted C. are admitting D. is admitting（ ）14. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were（ ）15. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided（ ）16. The writer and singer _ here. A. is B. are C. were D. do（ ）17. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _ all that I can spare to talk with you. A. are B. was C. is D. were（ ）18. In those days John with his classmates _ kept busy preparing for the exam. A. is B. are C. was D. were（ ） 19. _ your clothes? No, mine _ hanging over there. A. Is it, is B. Are these, are C. Is it, are D. Are these, is（ ） 20. The Smiths family, which _ rat