语法精粹题.doc

【语法精粹】lesson251.They _ the trip until the rain stopped. A. continued B. didnt continue C. hadnt continued D. would continue until是前面和后面用一般过去是和过去完成时都对但是我们在一般情况下两个都用一般过去时2.The local peasants gave the solders clothes and food without which they _A_ of hunger and cold.(without 在这里表示条件, 你知道吗?)A. would die B. will die C. would be dead D. would have died这是关于虚拟语气的题3.It was not until then that I came to know that the earth _around the sun.A. moved B. has moved C. will move D. moves.只要是真理都用一般现在时It was that 是强调结构, 首先将 “It was.that” 去掉, 再将 “not” 移到 “that” 后面的句子中. 分析句子时后半句改为 : I didnt come to know that the earth around the sun until then.until then 是在那个时候之前His father did not leave until he returned home.变成强调句形式 : It was not until he returned home that his father left.I dont get up until lunch time.变成强调句形式 : It is not until lunch time that I get up.4. When all those present(到场者)_he begin his lecture. (重点题)A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seated seat 做动词的时候两种情况1.seat sb 2. somebody be seatedsomebody sit downsit vi.seat vt.5.If I had had time, I would have written to you. But in fact I_not.A. have B.would have C. had D. had had这是虚拟语气题not only.but.as well 不但.而且.并列句的连词neither.nor. 既不.也不.either .or. 或者.或者.both.and. 两者都【语法精粹】lesson501、Did you find out_the pie out of oven?a to take b have taken c when to take d being taken find out 发现pie馅饼oven火炉take sth out of 取出来answer : cDid you find out when we could(can)take the pie out of oven?你发现什么时候才能把馅饼从烤箱中拿出来了吗?语法精粹lesson 61.How can you_b_if you are not _?A.listening/hearingB.hear/listeningC.be listening/hearD.be hearing/listening tolisten听/hear听见如果你不听, 怎么可能听见呢?be不能加动词原形; be+ -ed/-ingcan+动词原形2.The girl even wont have her lunch before she_D_her homework.A.will finishB.is finishingC.had finishedD.finisheswont=will not状语从句中, 用一般现在时取代将来时.3.Those who have applied for the post_A_in the office.(此题超前)A.are being interviewed B.are interviewingC.interviewing (光动词+ing不能构成谓语) D.to be interviewing (不定式不能构成谓语动词)apply for 申请who 在名词后面, 引导定语从句interview 面试从句(have applied for)现在完成时, 主句缺少谓语动词A.are being interviewed被动B.are interviewing 主动在英文中, 只能领导对员工面试, 员工只能被面试4.The old scientist _C_to do more for the country.A.is wishing B.has been wishing. C.wishesD.has been wished 从语法上说合理, 但不合情scientist 科学家; wish 希望表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态.wish sb.to do5.If he_B_,dont wake him up.A.still sleeps B.is still sleeping C.still had been sleeping D.will be sleeping stillif一般用一般现在式如果他在睡觉的话, 不要吵醒他关于时态的把握 : 1.关键词2.上下文3.潜在含义now现在进行时often,always 一般现在时just,already 现在完成时last week,last summer.一般过去时语法精粹P17 4 lesson 134.I want ( ). A.a dollar worth candyB.candy a dollars worthC.a dollars worth of candyD.a dollar worths candyAnswer : C is right.【语法精粹】一般将来时 P11 lesson131.The meeting is scheduled to begin at 7 oclockBut_a delay.A.it will be B.thered beC.there will be D.there isschedule:按计划, delay:延迟, 拖延和耽误将来时态: 在A 和 C 中it be:它是,be动词的后面一旦加名词, 往往认为主语和名词之间是等号关系there be:哪儿有(某地有某物), 有某事发生There will be a meeting.那儿将开会There was a fire.发生大火2.Hell leave for Paris before you_next week.A.will come back B.will be backC.come back D.came backbefore,状语从句的标志在状语从句中不可能出现将来时, 都被一般现在时态取代3.Our next meeting_on 1st DecemberA.has been held B.will holdC.is to be held D.is holdingbe to,将来的标志, 是将来还是被动4.Where_c_a will,there is a way.A.there will have B.has been thereC.there is D.there has been.是个谚语, 直接记忆, “有志者事竞成” , “哪儿有愿望, 哪儿就有路” where 引导的是地点主语从句5.It_b_be Wednesday tomorrow.A.is going to B.willC.is about to D.is to一般的情况可以互换, 遇上没有办法打算和计划安排的, 只能用will bebe about to:计划打算; be to:计划打算; be going to :计划打算will,单纯的表将来【语法精粹】lesson 15一般过去进行时 : 跟过去的一个时间或动作同时发生间接引语如果是现在进行时在直接引语当中变成间接引语, 极有可能选用过去完成时1.My brother_while he_his bicycle and hurt himself. A.fell/was riding B.feel/was riding C.had fallen/rode D.had fallen/was ridingfell(跌下来),ride(骑自行车)2.He_his leg as he_in a football match. A.broke/played B.was breaking/was playing C.broke/was playing D.was breaking/playedbreak ones leg C3.My father will be here tomorrow. I thought that he_today. A.was coming B.is coming C.will come D.comes Abe coming表示将要go/come/leave/arrive的过去进行时态很有可能表达过去将来时态的含义跟go/come/leave/arrive相连的词一定会用进行时态表示将来时态4.Jack was going out of the shop when he collided with an old womanwho_ A.come B.was coming C.had been coming D.had comecollide : 相撞, 是相对概念B5.Mike couldnt come to the telephone when Mr.Smith called her becauseshe_C_in the lab. A.had been working B.has been working C.was working D.worked复习28课的语法定语从句Exersise(在需要的地方填上who, which, that或whose)1 The only games _ I play are football and tennis.2 He is the only student _ understands English well.3 He is a writer _ books are seldom read.4 This is the hotel at _ we are staying.5 Is this the money _ you lost?6 That is the horse _ won the race.7 He is the sort of person _ everyone admires.The only game.I play are football and tennis.1.不填 如果要填只能是that, 在从句中作宾语可省略先行词如果用only, 序数词, 形容词最高级修饰, 其后边的关系词只用that2.He is the only student.understand English well. that3.He is writer.books are seldom read. whose4.This is the hotel at.we are staying which 句中的 “at” 原来在 “staying” 的后边This is the hotel which we are staying at.介词后加物的话, 只加which,加人的话, 用whom, 都不可用that,who也不能She is the gril. I stayed with her.She is the girl who/whom/that I stayed with. (句中 “who/whom/that” 可省略)She is the girl with whom I stayed.That is the house.I live in the house.That is the house in which I live.5.Is this the money.you lost? 不填6.That is the horse.won the race.从句中少主语: which选which , 不能用that句子中用词避免重复, 句首已有了一个 “that” , 故选 “which” 而不是 “that” 谁是那个正在帮助你的人?Who is the man that is helping you? 不用 “who” , 避免重复7. He is the sort of person.everyone admires.他就是每个人都很羡慕的那种人person 是先行词, 在从句中做宾语不填admire Ed5maiE v.赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕总结 : 在做翻译或阅读时, 先找句子的主干, 剩下的是各修饰成分考定语从句时, 备选答案更加难以选出, 要仔细分辨, 再复习一下这七道题【Structure】(58页)3. Our neighbour, _name is Charles Alison,will sail tomorrow.(a) whose (b) whose his (c) his (d) of whomwhose 在这儿等于hishis是物主代词, whose是关系代词关系代词可以引导定语从句, 物主代词不可以引导定语从句做主语, 宾语的关系代词有 who, whom,which,that只有whose做定语5.His boat,_is Topsail, is famouse.(a) whose the name (b) the whose name (c) of whom the name (d) the name of which 冠词和形容词性物主代词不能并存不会说of sth the name而会说the name of sth介词后边加的是介词宾语that不能直接出现在介词后边whose name 也对【语法精粹】 lesson 421. Julie went to the_to buy a pair of shoes.A.shoes store B.shoes store C.shoe store D.shoes storeAnswer: C表示类别的商店,用单数名词修饰2.As a safety precaution,all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a_bill.A.ten-dollar B.ten-dollars C.tens-dollar D.ten-dollarscab drivers(美语)=taxi drivers(英式)bill纸币有连字符连接的单词没有复数,连字符单词做定语,不会加 “s” Answer: A3.Recently,he has lost all his_at cards.A.wage and saving B.wages and savingC.wage and savings D.wages and savingswage 薪水 ; saving 积蓄Answer: D4.I want_.A.a dollar worth candy B.candy a dollars worthC.a dollars worth of candy D.a dollar worths candy a dollars worth of n.Answer :C5.The surroundings a child grows up in usually _an effect on his development.A.have B.had C.do D.hashave an effect on .对有效果grow up 成长in 连接作用The surroundings 做主语 (surroundings sE5raJndINz n.环境)a child grows up 定语从句修饰 “the surroundings” 孩子成长的环境常常对他的发展有影响. 用一般现在时Answer: A【语法精髓】P9 用所给动词正确时态填空 lesson 521、You should go to bed.you _ (watch) TV for 5 hours.2、I _ (write) letters since breakfast.3、I _ (write) 3 letters since breakfast.4、Sorry, but Mr.Smith _ (leave) for Beijing.5、I _ (look) for him everywhere, where can he be?1、have been watching/have watched 2、having been writing 3、have written 4、has left leave是瞬间动词1、和现在完成进行时连用的, 一定不能是次数2、和现在完成进行时连用的动词, 一定不能时短暂动词5、have been looking 通过 “where can he be?” 这句话可知人没找到, 还要继续找【语法精粹】P26 Exercise 2 lesson 572._ an answer from the committee, he was worried.a. Having not got b. Getting not c. Not having got d. Having not been got毫无疑问不管句子是什么意思, 答案肯定为 : c【语法精粹】P26 Exercise lesson 571、The _ news made them _.a. excited/exciting b.exciting/excited c.exciting/to be excited d.excited /excitedmake sb do / make sth +形容词 : make the room warm.Answer: b6、After a whole days heavy work,the old worker returned home,_a. hungry and exhausted b. hungry and exhaustingc. hungry and being exhausted d. huangry and exhaustAfter a whole days heavy work,After so many years of sunshine, (lesson 38)Ing: 令人 ed: 感到 exhaust i5zC:st vt.用尽, 耗尽, 抽完, 使精疲力尽 vi.排气 n.排气, 排气装置 adj.用不完的, 不会枯竭的形容词短语作状语3、_, all the quarrels came to an end.a. The lost money was found b. Was the lost money foundc. Because the lost money found d. With the lost money foundquarrel 5kwCrEl n.吵架, 反目, 怨言, 争吵的原因 vi.吵架, 争论, 挑剔a.出现了两个主语和谓语动词 b.也不对, 原因相同 c.Because + 从句, 缺 was d.对, with后面不能加句子非谓语动词 : 表达被动含义, 而不作谓语4、Many of our dreams _ impossible in the past have come true.a. were considered b. to be considered c. considering d.consideredhave come true, 梦想成真非谓语动词不定式 : 表示目的, 还可以表示将要发生的事(在时间上)-ing : 动作处于现阶段, 表达主动-ed : 已经做过了, 表达被动. 将来的 : to do ; 现阶段 : ing ; 过去的 : ed 先说动词再说名词的就是被动b,d 的不同在于 “in the past” 时态上的差别【语法精粹】lesson 63单项自测题(综合训练)1 Simple photographic lenses cant _sharp, undistorted images over a wide field.A. to form B. are formed C. forming D. formAnswer: D 情态动词后接动词原形构成谓语2 Of all the factors affecting agricultural yields, weather is the one _the most.A. it influences farmers B. that influences farmers C. farmers that it influences D. why farmers influence it 如果一句子出现了谓语动词,再出现动词则可能是: 并列关系 从句 非谓语动词 介词短语answer: B3 By tracking the eye of a hurricane, forecasters can determine the speed at which_A. is a storm moving B. a storm is moving C. is moving a storm D. a moving stormWhich 后接的是定语从句,且是at which 在句中作成份at which = at the speed answer: B 如: This is the river in which I swim.4 During the flood of 1927, the Red Cross, _out of emergency headquarters in Mississppi, set up temporary shelters for the homeless.A. operates B. is operating C. has operated D. operatingAnswer: D6 During an eclipse of the sun, _in the shadow of the Moon.A. the Earth lies B. the Earth when lying C. that the Earth lies D. the lying EarthAnswer: A 少了主语和谓语动词虚拟语气：一语气的定义和种类。 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2 语气的种类 a. 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ b. 祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 Dont forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 c. 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 May you succeed!祝您成功！ 二虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。 条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。if有表示“如果”的意思如： If time permits, well go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。 如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。如：If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：虚拟式的几种常见用法是：1第二类条件句，表示和现在事实相反的假设。条件句用动词的过去式，但be (包括There be) 各人称一律用were; 主句则用would +动词原形。2第三类条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设；条件句用动词的过去完成时（had +过去分词）；主句则用would + have +过去分词。3wish 后的宾语从句如表示现在，其结构为：wish (that) + 动词过去式；在wish后的宾语从句如表示将来，其结构为：wish(that) + would do; 在wish 后的宾语从句如表示过去，其结构为：wish (that) + had done.4if only + were/was (+ present participle ) 或（had +past participle）表示遗憾的心情，与wish 用法相似。5as if/as though + were 或past tense form表示所说的不是事实。6表示命令、建议的虚拟语气，即insist, demand, propose, suggest 等动词的宾语从句中，谓语动词的形式为should + 动词原形，助动词should 省略。动词形式 时间从句主句与现在事实相反动词过去式从句用(be的过去式用were)+主句would(could/should/might)+动词原形与过去事实相反从句用had+动词过去分词主句用would(could/should/might)+have过去分词与将来事实可能相反动词过去式从句用should+动词原形，主句用would(could/should/might)+动词原形或者were to+动词原形would(could/should/might)+动词原形注：主句中的should只用于第一人称，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。 1表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如： If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the truth. 要是我是你，我就会告诉他真相了。（事实上我不是你） If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.如果她有时间，她就会帮我了。（事实上她没有时间） 2 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如： If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should(would, could, might)have telephoned you.如果昨天我知道了你的电话号码，我就会给你打电话了。（事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号码。） If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt(couldnt) have failed in the exam.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。（事实上你根本没听我的。） 3 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如：If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。 -What would happen if I put the paper on the fire? -It would burn. -我若把只放在火上会怎么样？ -纸会烧着。注：在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中，were to + 动词原形比较正式，常用于书面语中。如：If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might) have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square.三虚拟语气的其它用法。1 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法。 在“It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that”这类句型中，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”，“必要”等意义。如：It is important that every Beijinger (should) be able to speak English。重要的是每个北京人能说英语。It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once有必要马上把他送医院。2 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。（1）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。 a.表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be的过去式用were )表示。如：I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个问题的答案。（可惜不知道。）I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around但愿我的家乡四季如春。（只是愿望，实际根本不可能实现。） b.表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用 had+过去分词。如：I wish (that) I hadnt wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。（实际上已经浪费掉了。）He wishes (wished) he hadnt lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。（事实上机会已经失去了，他感到惋惜。） c.表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为 “would/should/could/might+动词原形”，此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿（非动作名词除外）。如：I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安静一些。（2）在suggest（建议）, demand(要求), order(命令), propose(建议), insist（坚持要做）, command(命令), request(要求), desire(希望)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 “(should)+动词原形”，表示建议，要求，命令等。如：I suggest that we (should) start the meeting at once.我建议马上开会。The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south这位即将毕业的学生坚持要到南方去工作。注： 当suggest表示暗示，主语为something；insist表示坚持观点时，后接的宾语从句当用真实语气。比较： His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision。他的沉默暗示着他赞成我的决定。He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision他建议我坚持自己的决定。He insists that doing morning exercises does good topeoples health. 他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day他坚持他每天都要早操3 虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法。 当主语为advice, suggestion, order, proposal等词时后接表语从句，表语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某人建议、劝告、命令等的内容。如：My advice is that you should practise speaking English asoften as possible.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。 The order from the commander was that the troops shouldset off for the front immediately.司令官的命令是部队立即开拔去前线。4特殊的虚拟语气结构。（1）虚拟语气用在状语从句中 由as if 或as ，though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。动词形式用动词的过去式(bewere)或had+过去分词。如：The teacher treats the student as if he were her own child这位老师带这位学生就象她的亲生孩子一样。He speaks as if he had been to the United States他说得好象他真的到过美国似的。（2）在It is time (that) ; Id rather (that)句型中从句的谓语动词常用动词的过去式表示虚拟语气，意思是“该干某事了，时间已经有些晚了”“我宁愿/希望”。如：It is time that we did something to stop pollution.该我们做些什么制止污染的时候了。It is time that Father picked up Lily from the kindergarten.该父亲去幼儿园接莉莉的时候了。Id rather you told me the truth. 我真希望你告诉我真相。Id rather I didnt see you again.我宁愿不再见着你。（3）虚拟语气用在简单句中 a 情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。b在一些习惯表达中。如：Youd better set off now.你最好现在就出发。Id rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。 c用 “may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May good luck be yours!祝你好运！May you be happy!祝你快乐！May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ 用动词原形。例如：Long live the people! 人民万岁！“God bless you,” said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”5虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法 在名词advice, suggestion, order, proposal等后接的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，起形式为 “(should)+动词原形”