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常考应用文应用文主要指各种书信 , 如求职信、投诉信、申请信、邀请信、推荐信和感谢信等。按文体,书信可分为私人信件和事务信件 , 考试中涉及到的大都为事务信件。考生应注意书信的格式及重要书信体的写法。一、事务信件的格式英文书信的格式 , 尤其是正式的事务信件的格式与汉语的同类书信格式不同。就形式而言 , 英语的事务信件可分为三种样式 : 现代常用格式 (modified form ) 、齐头式 (blocked form ) 和缩进式 (indented form ) 。1. 现代常用格式 :William Scott ( 写信人姓名 ) College of Education( 写信人地址 ) 5284University of OregonU.S.A.March 20,2003( 写信日期 )Mr.John Smith ( 收信人姓名 ) 235Wall Street ( 收信人地址 )New York 5.N.Y.16432 U.S.A.Dear Mr.John Smith:( 称呼 ) ( 正文 )Yours truly,( 套语 )Signature ( 手写签名 ) William Scott( 打字签名 )Director of Admissions and Student Affairs ( 职务 ) Enclosure:( 附件 )2. 齐头式 :William Scott( 写信人姓名 ) College of Education( 写信人地址 ) 5284 University of OregonU.S.A.March 20,2003( 写信日期 )Mr.John Smith ( 收信人姓名 ) 235Wall Street ( 收信人地址 )New York 5.N.Y.16432 U.S.A.Dear Mr. John Smith:( 称呼 ) ( 正文 )Yours truly,( 套语 )Signature ( 手写签名 ) DirectorofAdmissions and Student Affairs ( 职务 ) Enclosure:( 附件 )3. 缩进式 :William Sc 。 ( 写信人姓名 ) College of Education( 写信人地址 ) 5284University of OregonU.S.A.March 20,2003( 写信日期 )Mr.John Smith ( 收信人姓名 )235Wall Street ( 收信人地址 )New York 5.N.Y.16432U.S.A.Dear Mr. John Smith:( 称呼 ) ( 正文 )Yours sincerely,( 套语 ) Signature ( 手写签名 ) 事务信件的书写可采用三种格式 : 现代常用格式、齐头式和缩进式。齐头式即每行第 一个字母向左对齐 ; 缩进式指信头和封内地址从第二行起每行向右缩进几个字母 , 正文的 首行向右缩进几个字母 ; 现代常用格式是前两种格式的折中 , 除正文每段首行向右缩进外 , 其余部分的格式与齐头式相同。事务信件一般包括 6 个部分 : 信头、封内地址、称呼、正 文、结束套语和签名。如果随信寄附简历或样品等资料 , 还应包括附件。1. 信头 (Heading ) 信头包括写信人的姓名、地址及写信日期。考生要注意中英文地址、日期的不同顺序 : 中文的地址排列顺序是从大到小 , 而英文的则是由小及大 ; 中文的日期排列顺序是年、月、 日 , 而英文的则是月、日、年。2. 封内地址 (lnside Address )这里指收信人的姓名和地址 , 与信头的写法基本一致。若收信人担任某种行政职务 , 其 头衔应写在姓名的下一行。3. 称呼语 (Salutation 事务信件中 , 若收信人已知 , 则称呼其全名或职务 , 若不知具体人名 , 则称 Dear Sir or Madam,Dear Sirs 或 To whom it may concern4. 正文 (The Body of the Letter )正文是事务信件的核心部分 , 考生要首先弄清题目要求和写信目的 , 内容应简明扼要、 条理清楚、表达正确。5. 结束语 (Complementary Close )事务信件一般都采用 Yours sincerely 或 Yours faithfully 为结束语。6. 签名 (Signiture事务信件中 , 写信人的手写签名应置于打印姓名之上 , 打印姓名的下一行通常是写信人的头衔。例如 :Sincerely yours,Signature 一一 - Wi11iam White General Editor二、求职、求学信函求职信由三个部分组成 : 第一部分为引言 , 求职者应交待从何处获知空缺 , 同时明确表明对此工作感兴趣 ; 第二部分为主体部分 , 求职者应针对应聘职位阐明自己的资质 , 重点说明自己的学历、相关工作经历及想得到该工作的原因 ; 第三部分为结尾部分 , 求职者可重述希望得到该工作的愿望 , 同时提供必要的证明人。Sample 1:Dear Sir or Madam:I have heard from Dr. Joseph Thomas, Pittsburg University that your university wants English teachers to teach in English Department. I am interested in being considered for a teaching position in ED for the 2003-2004 school year.I graduated from Harris Teachers College in 1965,and have teaching experience for more than 20 years. I have enclosed a copy of my resume, which will show my background. Dr. Thomas has offered to give you further information about me.Thank you for considering this application.Sincerely yours, (Signature)Betty Jane Marcum申请信函常用参考用语:(一) 求职信1I am writing to apply for the post of a private secretary advertised in todays Daily Telegragh.2. In reply to your advertisement in Todays paper,I beg to apply for the post of junior clerk in your company.3. Immediately saw your advertisement in the paper for an assistant manager I felt it was just the kind of post for which I have the qualifications and for which I have been looking for some time.4.The kind of work in which your company is engaged particularly interests me.5. I feel I have the necessary qualifications and experience needed for the position of private secretary to your managing director advertised in the paper.6. I shall be happy to furnish you with any particulars that you may require, or to attend for interview at your request.7.Enclosed are three copies of testimonials as required.8. The enclosed resume indicates my broad experience in the area of public relations and management communications.Sample 2:Dear Mr. N,Please consider me for the position of Assistant Director of Employee Benefits in the Personnel Division of Echo Electronics. I was an administrative intern with Echo last summer and, now that I have graduated from the University of Louisville, I would like to join your company.As you can see from the attached resume, my major was Business Administration with special emphasis on personnel management. Whenever possible, I have looked for jobs and campus activities that would give me experience in dealing with people. As an assistant in the Admissions Office, I dealt with students, parents, alumni, and faculty. The position required both a knowledge of university regulations and sympathy for other people.As an intern with Echo, I learned about the management of a company at first hand and gained a firmer grasp of the contribution personnel management makes to the overall objectives of the company. Participants in the intern program were required to write a paper analyzing the company where we were placed. If you are interested, I will be happy to send you a copy of my paper.I would very much like to put my interests and my training to work for Echo Electronics, and I am available for an interview at your convenience. Sincerely,( Signature)Resume: Diane Bellows 1287 Lexington Avenue Louisville, KY 40227EDUCATION University of Louisville,B. A. ,1988Major: Business Administration with emphasis in personnel managementMinor: Economics with emphasis in corporate financeEXPERIENCE COLLEGE Orientation leader, University Admissions Office, 198688. Met with prospective students and their parents; conducted tours of campus; answered questions; wrote reports for each orientation meeting.Academic Committee, Alpha Phi Sorority 1986-88. Organized study halls and tutoring services for disadvantaged students.Advertising Manager, University Yearbook, 1987. Responsible for securing advertising that made the Yearbook selfsupporting; wrote monthly progress report.SUMMERS Intern, Echo Electronics, June, 1987. Spent two weeks learning about pension plans, health care benefits, employee associations, and work regulations as they affect employee relations and personnel management.Volunteer Worker, Arthur Schneiders School Board reelection campaign, 1986. Wrote press releases, campaign brochures, direct mailers; researched information on teacher competence.REFERENCES Placement OfficeUniversity of Louisville40227 (502)745-3219求职信分为推荐信和自荐信两种,写求职信可按下列七个步骤进行。下面举例说明: 假设你叫李平,你从报上得知某公司欲招聘一名英语翻译,请你给该公司经理写一份求职信,你的个人资料如下:1.简况:姓名,李生;年龄,23岁;身高,1.80米;健康状况,良好;业余爱好,游泳、唱歌、跳舞。2.简历:2005年北京大学毕业后分配到南通中学工作,2007年调至苏州中学工作至今。3.工作:工作认真负责,与人相处融洽。4.特长:精通英语,尤其口语,已将多本中文书籍译成英语,懂一些日语、能用日语与外宾对话。联系电话:*联系地址:苏州市人民路*号第一步:介绍消息来源介绍消息来源实际上是求职信的开篇交待句,它可使求职信显得自然、顺畅;而不介绍消息来源,会使收信人感到意外、突然,文章也缺乏过渡、照应,本文消息来源可作如下介绍:Dear manager,I learned from the newspaper that your company wanted to hire an English translator.第二步:表明求职心愿介绍完消息来源后,应向收信人表明自己的求职心愿,即写信的目的,本文求职心愿可作如下介绍:Im interested in this job very much. Id like to get this job.第三步:介绍个人简历某单位需要新人,求职人也有求职心愿,但这并不意味着这项工作非你莫属。如果你没有干好这项工作的经历、实力,也是难以适应的。因此,介绍个人简历是必不可少的。本文个人简历可介绍如下:Now Id like to introduce myself to you. My name is Li Ping. Im 30 years old. Im 180 cm tall. Im healthy. I like swimming, singing and dancing in my spare time. I graduated from Beijing University in 1994.Then,I went to work in Nantong Middle School. In 1996,I began to work in Suzhou Middle School and I have worked there until now.第四步:摆出求职优势仅有一定的工作经历而没有自身的优势和特长,也很难求得称心如意的工作。因此,求职时应表明自己除了具有一定的工作经历之外,还具有一定的优势和特长,这样才能稳操胜券。本文可通过如下方法摆出自己的优势:I work hard and I can get along well with others. Im good at English and especially my spoken English is very good. Ive translated many Chinese books into English. I can understand Japanese and I can talk to foreigners in Japanese freely.第五步:提出获职打算丰富的工作经验,一定的优势和特长,只能代表过去和现在的情况,如果获职后自以为心愿已了,从此高枕无忧,马虎从事,那也是得不到用人单位认可的。显然表明获职后努力工作的决心是感动用人单位的领导从而顺利谋得此项工作的重要一环。本文获职打算可作如下介绍:If you agree with me, Ill work hard and try to be a good translator.第六步:请求答复联系如果单位领导同意了你的求职要求,你必然要请他和你联系,以便你及时做好准备,到用人单位应聘或报到。为准确起见,请求答复联系时你还应当提供你的通讯地址、邮政编码、电话号码、电子信箱等。本文答复联系的内容可作如下介绍:If you agree with me, please write a letter to me or phone me. I live at No.1 Renmin Road, Suzhou city. My telephone number is 3654371.第七步:表明感激之情无论你的请求是否能够得到满意的答复,你给用人单位写信就是给对方添了麻烦,因此你应向对方表明感激之情。本文可这样来表明感激之情:Thank you very much.上述七步内容联成一个整体,再加上下面的信尾,就成为一封完整的求职信。Yours Truly(此致)lisheng(名字)英文求职信范文P.O. Box 36Tsinghua UniversityBeijing,China 100084Dear Sir/Madam:Your advertisement for a Network Maintenance Engineer in the April 10 Student Daily interested me bacause the position that you described sounds exactly like the kind of job I am seeking.According to the advertisement ,your position requires top university,Bachelor or above in Computer Science or equivalent field and proficient in Windows NT4.0 and LINUX System. I feel that I am competent to meet the requirements. I will be graduating from Graduate School of Tsinghua University this year with a M.S. degree . My studies have included courses in computer control and management and I designed a control simulation system developed with Microsoft Visual InterDev and SQL Server.During my education, I have grasped the principals of my major and skills of practice. Not only have I passed CET-6, but more important I can communicate with others freely in English. My ability to write and speak English is out of question.I would appreciate your time in reviewing my enclosed resume and if there is any additional information you require, please contact me.I would welcome an opportunity to meet with you for a personal interview.With many thanks,Wang Lin这封求职信很有特点,直接投给了这家外企的主管。看来在写一封让人眼前一亮的求职信之前一定要做好准备工作,包括了解该公司的背景等等。 144 Baston LaneHomeward, IL 27186August 29, 2005Mr. Frederick R. WickardDirector of MIS Whitingford, Inc.Rosewood Corporate CenterTampa, FL 27369 Dear Mr. Wickard,As todays economy and competitive pressures place tighter constraints on business, IT professionals with a diverse background can provide greater value when budgets are tight. As a versatile MIS professional, I have experience in project management for a wide variety of business applications in systems and database design, quality assurance, troubleshooting and programming. My B.B.A. in Accounting has given me an exceptional understanding of financial applications. While at Johnson Corporation, my hands-on management style and strong technical skills have enabled me to meet deadlines in high-pressure environments. I am seeking a position in applications management, developing business systems or a liaison position between IT and the user community. My current compensation is $65.000. Should you have an appropriate opening which parallels my background, I would appreciate a personal interview. I look forward to hearing from you. Thank you for considering my credentials. Very truly yours, (空格为签名处)Sandra B. Timpkins EnclosureLouisville, KY_英文简历常用词汇大盘点(1):个人资料用词 name 姓名 alias 别名 pen name 笔名 date of birth 出生日期 birth date 出生日期 born 出生于 birth place 出生地点 age 年龄 native place 籍贯 province 省 city 市 autonomous region 自治区 prefecture 专区 county 县 nationality 民族,国籍 citizenship 国籍 duel citizenship 双重国籍 address 地址 current address 目前地址 present address 目前地址 permanent address 永久地址 postal code 邮政编码 home phone 住宅电话 office phone 办公电话 business phone 办公电话 Tel.电话 sex 性别 male 男 female 女 height 身高 weight 体重 marital status 婚姻状况 family status 家庭状况 married 已婚 single/unmarried 未婚 divorced 离异 separated 分居 number of children 子女人数 none 无 street 街 lane 胡同,巷 road 路 district 区 house number 门牌 health 健康状况 health condition 健康状况 blood type 血型 short-sighted 近视 far-sighted 远视 color-blind 色盲 ID card No.身份证号码 date of availability 可到职时间 available 可到职 membership 会员,资格 president 会长 vice-president 副会长 director 理事 standing director 常务理事 secretary general 秘书长 society 学会 association 协会 research society 研究会 简历词汇(2):教育程度用词 education 学历 educational background 教育程度 educational history 学历 curriculum 课程 major 主修 minor 副修 educational highlights 课程重点部分 curriculum included 课程包括 specialized courses 专门课程 courses taken 所学课程 courses completed 所学课程 special training 特别训练 social practice 社会实践 part-time jobs 业余工作 summer jobs 暑期工作 vacation jobs 假期工作 refresher course 进修课程 extracurricular activities 课外活动 physical activities 体育活动 recreational activities 娱乐活动 academic activities 学术活动 social activities 社会活动 rewards 奖励 scholarship 奖学金 Three Goods student 三好学生 excellent League member 优秀团员 excellent leader 优秀干部 student council 学生会 off-job training 脱产培训 in-job training 在职培训 educational system 学制 academic year 学年 semester 学期(美) term 学期 (英) president 校长 vice-president 副校长 dean 院长 assistant dean 副院长 academic dean 教务长 department chairman 系主任 professor 教授 associate professor 副教授 guest professor 客座教授 lecturer 讲师 teaching assistant 助教 research fellow 研究员 research assistant 助理研究员 supervisor 论文导师 principal 中学校长(美) headmaster 中学校长(英) master 小学校长 (美) dean of studies 教务长 dean of students 教导主任 dean of students 教导主任 teacher 教师 probation teacher 代课教师 tutor 家庭教师 governess 女家庭教师 intelligence quotient 智商 pass 及格 fail 不及格 marks 分数 grades 分数 scores 分数 examination 考试 grade 年级 class 班级 monitor 班长 vice-monitor 副班长 commissary in charge of studies 学习委员 commissary in charge of entertainment 文娱委员 commissary in charge of sports 体育委员 commissary in charge of physical labor 劳动委员 Party branch secretary 党支部书记 League branch secretary 团支部书记 commissary in charge of organization 组织委员 commissary in charge of publicity 宣传委员 degree 学位 post doctorate 博士后 doctor (Ph.D) 博士 master 硕士 bachelor 学士 student 学生 graduate student 研究生 abroad student 留学生 returned student 回国留学生 foreign student 外国学生 undergraduate 大学肄业生 senior 大学四年级学生;高中三年级学生 Junior 大学三年级学生;高中二年级学生 sophomore 大学二年级学生;高中一年级学生 freshman 大学一年级学生 guest student 旁听生(英) auditor 旁听生(美) government-supported student 公费生 commoner 自费生 extern 走读生 day-student 走读生 intern 实习生 prize fellow 奖学金生 boarder 寄宿生 classmate 同班同学 schoolmate 同校同学 graduate 毕业生 简历词汇(3):工作经历用词 accomplish 完成(任务等) achievements 工作成就,业绩 adapted to 适应于 adept in 善于 administer 管理 advanced worker 先进工作者 analyze 分析 appointed 被任命的 assist 辅助 authorized 委任的;核准的 be promoted to 被提升为 be proposed as 被提名为;被推荐为 behave 表现 breakthrough 惊人的进展,关键问题的解决 break the record 打破记录 business background 工作经历 business experience 工作经历 business history 工作经历 conduct 经营,处理 control 控制 cost 成本;费用 create 创造 decrease 减少 demonstrate 证明,示范 design 设计 develop 开发,发挥 devise 设计,发明 direct 指导 double 加倍,翻一番 duties职责 earn 获得,赚取 effect 效果,作用 eliminate 消除 employment experience工作经历 employment record 工作经历 employment 工作 enlarge 扩大 enliven 搞活 enrich 使丰富 establish 设立(公司等);使开业;确立 evaluation 估价,评价 excellent League member 优秀团员 excellent Party member 优秀党员 execute 实行,实施 expand 推广;扩大 expedite 加快;促进 experience 经历 exploit开发(资源,产品) export 出口 found 创立 generate 产生 good at 擅长于 guide 指导;操纵 implement 完成,实施 import 进口 improve 改进,提高 increase 增加 influence 影响 initiate 创始,开创 innovate 改革,革新 inspired 受启发的;受鼓舞的 install 安装 integrate 使结合;使一体化 introduce 采用,引进 invent 发明 invest 投资 job title 职位 justified 经证明的;合法化的 launch 开办(新企业) lead 领导 lengthen 延长 lessen 减少(生产成本) level 水平 localize 使地方化 maintain 保持;维修 make 制造 manage 管理,经营 manufacture 制造 mastered 精通的 modernize 使现代化 motivate 促进,激发 negotiate 谈判 nominated 被提名的;被任命的 occupational history 工作经历 operate 操作,开动(机器等),经营(厂矿) organize 组织 originate 创始,发明 overcome 克服(困难等) participate in 参加 perfect 使完善;改善 perform 执行,履行 plan 计划 position 职位 professional history 职业经历 professional 职业经历 profit 利润 promote 生产,制造 promote 推销(商品);创立(企业)等 provide 提供,供应 raise 提高 reach 达到 realize 实现(目标等);获得(利润) receive 收到,得到,接受 recognize 认清(职责等) recommended 被推荐的;被介绍的 reconsolidate 重新巩固;重新整顿 reconstruct 重建 recorded 记载的 recover 恢复;弥补 rectify 整顿,调整 redouble 加倍,倍增 reduce 减少,降低(成本等) refine 精练,精制 reform 改革 regenerate 更新,使更生 registered 已注册的 regularize 使系统化 regulate 控制(费用等) rehandle 重铸;重新处理 rehash 以新形式处理(旧材料) reinforce 加强 reckon计算(成本等) renew 重建,换新 renovate 革新;修理 repair 修复,修补 replace 接替,

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