Florence Nightingale(原文完整版)

FlorenceNightingaleWiththehonorof“TheLadywiththeLamp”,FlorenceNightingalewasthefounderofmodernnursingandafamousEnglishsocialreformer.Shedevotedallherlifetonursingcareerandmadeoutstandingcontributionstotheknowledgeandimprovementofpublic health.OnAugust13,1910,shepassedawayinLondonforever.FlorenceNightingalewasborninFlorence,ItalyonMay12,1820andshewasnamed afterthecityofherbirth.Nightingalesfamilywasverywealthyandbelongedtoelitesocialcircles.However,Nightingalepreferredtolookafterpoorpeopleratherthandancewith peoplefromupperclass.In1837,feelinggodwascallinghertodosomework,Nightingalebegantodevelopaninterestinnursing.Shereceivednosupportfromherfamilyatthat time,becauseherparentsconsiderednursingtobeinappropriatetoawomanofherclass.Theyexpectedhertomarryagoodmanandlivedanupperclasswomanslife.In1844, Nightingaledecidedtoworkinhospital,whichherfamilyfuriouslyresisted.Despitethe intenserageandpressurefromherfamily,shestilllearnedsomenursingskillsbyherself sneakily.In1851,shewenttoKaiserwerthinGermanyforthreemonthsnursingtraining. ThisenabledhertobecomesuperintendentofahospitalforgentlewomeninHarleyStreet.In1853,theCrimeanWarbrokeoutanditissoonreportedthatthereweredesperatelylackingmedicalfacilities,drugsandevennursesatthefront.SidneyHerbert,thewar minister,hadalreadyknownNightingaleandaskedhertoorganizeacorpsofnursesto tendthewoundedsoldiers.On21October1854,sheandthestaffof38womenvolunteer nursesweresenttotheCrimea.Althoughtheconditionstherewereveryhorrid,Nightingaleandherstaffdidnotflinchandconfronteditbravely.Nightingaleherselfspentevery walkingminutetakinggoodcareofeverypatient.Intheevening,shetookalampwithher toministertopatientafterpatient.Thesoldiersweremoveddeeplyandtheycalledher “theladywiththelamp”.Bygraceofherandhernurses,thedeathratewasreducedby two-thirds.Inthesummerof1856,NightingalereturnedtoherchildhoodhomeatLeaHurst.Metwithaheroswelcome,shewasmodestanddidherbesttorefusethepublicpraise.The QueenrewardedNightingalesworkbypresentingherwithanengravedbroochwhich cametobeknownastheNightingaleJewel.Moreover,Nightingalealsoreceived$250,000asaprizegrantfromtheBritishgovernment.In1859,NightingalepublishedNotesonHospitalswhichfocusedontheproperarrangementsforcivilianinstitutionsandthenextyear,shepresidedoverthefundingofthe NightingaleSchoolforthetrainingofnursesatSt.ThomassHospitalinLondon.Fromthenon,Nightingalebecameanadmirablefigureinpublic,literaryworkswerewrittento interpretthisgreatheroinescontribution.Youngwomenwereeagertofollowherexample,eventhewomenfromupperclassbeganenrollinginthetrainingschool.Becauseof Nightingaleseffort,nursingwasnolongerdiscriminatedbytheupperclass.Attheageof38,Nightingalewashomeboundandbedridden,becauseshehad contactedCrimeanfeverandwouldneverfullyrecover.However,shecontinuedtowork inordertoimprovehealthcareandsanitationinIndia.After10yearsofsanitaryreform,in 1873,NightingalereportedthatmortalityamongsoldiersinIndiahaddeclinedfrom69to 18per1000.In 1907, Nightingale was the first woman to be awarded the Order of Merit. In 1908, she was conferred the merit of honor by King Edward. In May of 1910, she also received a congratulatory message from King George on her 90th birthday. On August 13, 1910, she passed away at her home. Before her death, Nightingale had expressed the desire that her funeral be a quite and humble affair, so her relatives respected her last wish and turned down a national funeral, and the Lady with the Lamp was laid to rest in a family plot at Westminster Abbey.workswerewrittentointerpretthisgreatheroinescontribution.Youngwomenwereeagertofollowherexample,eventhewomenfromupperclassbeganenrollinginthetrainingschool.BecauseofNightingaleseffort,nursingwasnolongerdiscriminatedbytheupperclass.Attheageof38,Nightingalewashomeboundandbedridden,becauseshehadcontactedCrimeanfeverandwouldneverfullyrecover.However,shecontinuedtoworkinordertoimprovehealthcareandsanitationinIndia.After10yearsofsanitaryreform,in1873,NightingalereportedthatmortalityamongsoldiersinIndiahaddeclinedfrom69to18per1000.In1907,NightingalewasthefirstwomantobeawardedtheOrderofMerit.In1908,shewasconferredthemeritofhonorbyKingEdward.InMayof1910,shealsoreceivedacongratulatorymessagefromKingGeorgeonher90thbirthday.OnAugust13,1910,shepassedawayatherhome.Beforeherdeath,Nightingalehadexpressedthedesirethatherfuneralbeaquiteandhumbleaffair,soherrelativesrespectedherlastwishandturneddownanationalfuneral,andtheLadywiththeLampwaslaidtorestinafamilyplotatWestminsterAbbey.FlorenceNightingaleisthefirstnurseintheworld,shemadegreatcontributionstotheimprovementofnursingandcreatednursingcareerasarespectfulcareer.Sherebelled againsttheidle,shelteredexistenceofherfamilyinherwholelife.Shewokeupmany womensawarenessofindependenceandfre