托福写作套句魔板-出自TPO阅读.docx

一、因果、导致1 is an important consideration.2 The reduction of A results in the loss of Bs ability to 3 have been identified as major contributors to 4 Desertification is accomplished primarily through the loss of stabilizing natural vegetation and the subsequent accelerated erosion of the soil by wind and water.5 The pressure on the land is often far in excess of its diminished capacity, and desertification results.6 The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil.7 appears to be the dominant factor in 8 leads to reductions in tension and a lower likelihood of future.9. With the loss of also came the loss of 10. Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital all stimulated the shift to factory production.11. Commerce and economic development were (the main) agents of civilization. 12. There are two principal influences that shape the terrain.13. be seen as (a chief) motivation for 被视作.的动力14. Another condition that contributes to the development of is the emergence of .15. Various environmental factors may play a role.16. may be another contributing factor.17. grow out of human needs and aspirations.18. can be traced to 19. The cause of is the consequence of 20. A worsening of the plight of deer was to be expected as settlers encroached on the land.21. Steam also promised to eliminate a transportation problems not fully solved by either canal boats or turnpikes.22. The key to lies(lay) in 23. From this arouse the Roman genius for military organization and orderly government.24. Among the main factors are 最主要的原因是25. Wildman and Niles identify three principles that facilitate reflective practice in a teaching situation.26. By force of sheer numbers, however, the mosses and ferns reached Hawaii, survived and multiplied.27. The rapid expansion in international trade also benefitted from an infusion of capital, stemming largely from gold and silver brought by Spanish vessels.28. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction.29. A number of conditions enhance the likelihood that primary groups will arise.30. Primary groups are fundamental because they serve as powerful instruments for social control. Primary groups, then, serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them.31. Nonnutritive sucking devices are used as effective tools in understanding infant perception.二、对比、转折1. However, unlike the case of , it is not easy to 2. go one step further.3. has pitted environmentalists who champion against environmentalists who promote 4. The number of birds killed by wind turbines is dwarfed by birds killed by human related sources.5. Even given 即使有6. rival vt. 比得上7. tell a different story from 8. pales in comparison to 在.面前相形见绌9. The contrast is not quite so stark. Yet the essential difference is undeniable.10. Although initially appealing, 尽管最初这样认为11. Should the use of reward fail, should表示条件，如果【正式】12. Possibilities for trade seemed promising, but no hope existed for maintaining the traditional routes over land.13. Their yawning seems to have nothing to do with sleepiness or boredomquite the reversebut it does precede a change in activity level.三、举例、列举1. Consider .2. When one animal attacks another, it engages in the most obvious example of aggressive behavior.3. be proposed as one alternative. 被提出作为另一种选择4. be among the many breakthroughs.5. To take an extreme example, / One of the most typical examples is 6. The question is complicated. Stability can be defined as Alternatively, stability can be defined as 7. Other rock paintingsfor example, those of Bushmen in South Africa are located near cave entrance.8.Beyond that, 9. If a uniformly moving pattern of some sort is passed across the visual field of a neonate, 某些四、联系1. work in concert with 2. How was the gap between A and B bridged?3.Their streamlined bodies cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals.4. . are often regarded as the epitome of permanence.5. incompatibilities between 6. Whether people can remember an event depends critically on the fit between the way in which they earlier encoded the information and the way in which they later attempt to retrieve it.7. These three explanations of infantile amnesia are not mutually exclusive; indeed, they support each other.8. The picture of Teotihuacan that emerges is a classic picture of positive feedback among obsidian mining and working.9. give the city a competitive edge over its neighbors. 给予优势10. bear a strong resemblance to 与很相似11. Zeichner and Liston point out the inconsistency between the role of the teacher as a professional decision maker and the more usual role of the teacher as a technician.12. In small groups we have better chance to initiate contact and establish rapport with them. Second, face-to-face contact allows us to size up others. Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings. And third, the probability that we will develop primary group bonds increases as we have frequent and continuous contact. Our ties with people often deepened as we interact with them across time and gradually evolve interlocking habits and interest.13. Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because they transmit, mediate, and interpret a societys cultural patterns and provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity.13. Light has a predominating influence in setting the clock14. In these shops differences of rank were blurred as artisans and masters labored side by side in the same modest establishment.五、强调、重复1. There is no way around the fact that 2. It is often taken for granted that 3. It would therefore not be too great an exaggeration to say that 4. Revealingly, 5. have a special role where individual effort was ineffective.6. It turns out that 事实上7. As a general rule, 一般来说8. But note that 9. be summarized briefly10. is a major concern.11. Helping this group of teacher to revise their thinking about classroom events become central12. Therefore, when observational assessment is used as a technique for studying infant perceptual abilities, care must be taken not to overgeneralize from the data or to rely on one or two studies as conclusive evidence of 13. General concern about misleading tactics that advertisers employ is centered on the use of exaggeration.六、反驳、否定1. This assumption misses a significant difference between 2. This view has been attacked on numerous grounds. One is that . Another is that .3. One potential problem is that 4. Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other.5. be by no means the only 6. provide a partial solution7. ask important questions about this explanation.8. There is a solid body of opinion that 固化观念It has been long accepted thatmost scientists formerly believed that 原以为They describe the initial understanding in teachers with whom they were working as being utilitarianAlmost universally, biologists accept the idea that普遍认为9. But belief in this ice-free corridor began to crumble when paleoecologists demonstrated that 对于的信念被粉碎10. There appear to be many unexplored matters about the motivation to reflect.11. To be sure, their evaluation of the technical flaws in 1920s sound experiments was not so far off the mark, yet they neglected to take into account important new forces in the motion picture field that, in a sense, would not take no for an answer.12. The third, the most potent, limitation is that it is not possible to be certain that the infants response was due to 13. Experiments have also cast doubt on the belief that yawning is triggered by a drop in blood oxygen or a rise in blood carbon dioxide.14. There are sound reasons for being skeptical of theories like this one, which avoid the issue of what yawning does for adult.七、倾向、表态1. The Whigs, however, enjoy disproportionate strength among business and commercial classes. （偏向于把精力用在）2. In keeping with this philosophy of limited government, Democrats also rejected the idea that moral beliefs were the proper sphere of government action.遵循.的主张3. Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor.4. adopt the philosophy that 认为5. It should be noted, however, that the pu