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Uint1IEnjoythecolorfulcampuslife!II. BasicListeningPractice Keys:1.C2.D3.B4.D5.AIII.ListeningInTask1:Onthefirstday Keys:(1)thefirstday(2)changing(3)reallygood(4)hardworkers(5)wentoverherhead(6)explained(7)notes(8)Wednesday(9)participation(10)educationTask2:Howtoselectelectivecourses? Keys:(1)extratraining(2)chemistry(3)accounting(4)manyfieldsofstudy(5)betterpotential(6)businessdegree(7)challenging(8)howtolearn(9)betterunderstanding(10)narrow-mindedTask3:HowtogetstraightAs? Keys:1.B2.C3.D4.A5.DIV.SpeakingOutMODEL1MODEL2MODEL3V.Let?sTalkTask1:Maintainingthequalityorincreasingtheintake? Keys:(1)quality(2)young(3)25(4)difficult(5)government(6)quality(7)cut(8)extra-cautious(9)afford(10)experience(11)more(12)blame(13)budget(14)puzzled(15)serviceTask2:Whatsyouranswer?Accordingtotheinterviewee,itsdifficulttostrikeabalancebetweenmaintainingtheeducationalqualityandmakingsureasmanypeopleaspossiblereceiveuniversityeducation.Inthepastyears,Chinahasbeenconfrontedwiththesameproblem.Theuniversityenrollmenthasbeenontheincreaseandsomeinstitutionsofhigherlearningdonothaveenoughteachersandteachingfacilities,thusaffectingtheeducationalquality.Task3:Letsgroupwork!VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingListeningTask: Keys:(1)standardizedtests(2)abilitiesandinterest(3)interest(4)pressure(5)well-rounded(6)getintogoodcolleges(7)therestoftheschool(8)frombadtoworseTask2:ThefinalexamKeys:(1)course(2)quizzes(3)semester(4)confident(5)party(6)make(7)missed(8)theyhadaflattireonthewaybackanddidnthaveaspare(9)placedtheminseparaterooms,handedeachofthemapaper(10)OnthesecondpagewasaquestionworthTask3:HarvardUniversityKeys:1.B2.A3.C4.D5.DViewingandspeaking:Task1:UniversitybudgetcutsKeys:(1)increasing(2)12/twelve(3)more(4)facilities(5)lecturers(6)poorer(7)grant(8)one(9)budget(10)less(11)young(12)classic(13)part-time(14)growing(15)two-yearTask2:TalkafterviewingScriptTherewillbemorestudentsatuniversitiesnextyearthaneverbeforeinourhistory.Whentheygettouniversity,theyhavegoodfacilities,goodbuildings,aswellasgoodcontactwiththeirlecturers.Studentsfrompoorerbackgroundsreceiveagrant.40percentofstudentswhoaregoingtouniversitywillreceivesomesortofgrant.Unit1testPartIKeys:1.A2.B3.D4.B5.DPartII(1)for(2)with(3)opportunity(4)tuition(5)explore(6)encounter(7)adventure(8)Aswithanycountry,itisnotadvisabletocarrylargeamountsofcasharoundwithyou(9)Travelerschecksareoneofthesafestandeasiestwaystotransportmoney,becauseyoumayhavethemreplacediftheygetlostorstolen(10)Itiswisetobringabout$100withyouinU.S.cash,soyouwillbeabletomanageuponyourarrivalintheStatesPartIII1.C2.A3.B4.D5.APartIV1.C2.A3.A4.D5.C6.B7.A8.C9.B10.CUint2Ourglobeisindanger!I.LeadinTask1:sandstorm;airpollution;deforestationwaterpollution;meltingpolaricecap;lightpollutiondrought;desertification;litteringII.BasicListeningPracticeKeys:1.B2.D3.A4.A5.CIII.ListeningInTask1:Weshouldhaveproperrespectfornature!Script:Martha:Doyouthinkmostpeopleinyourculturerespectnature?Ed:Ithinkso.Um.morenowthanbefore.Martha:Whatdoyouthinkisthemostseriousenvironmentalproblemintheworldtoday?Ed:Today.Ithinkdamagetotheozonelayerisabigproblem,andanotherproblemispollutioninbigcitiesandthingslikethat.Martha:Howdoyoulearnaboutenvironmentalproblems?Ed:Um.throughschool.Alotofclubspromoteenvironmentalsafety,andsomeTVprograms,too.Theytalkaboutenvironmentalsafetyandstufflikethat.Martha:Doyouthinkstudentsshouldlearnmoreabouttheenvironmentatschool?Ed:Ithinkso.So,astheygrowolder,theycanbemoreawareofalltheproblemsthataregoingon,andalsotopreventmoreproblemsfromoccurring.Martha:Ifyoucouldcreateanewlawtohelptheenvironment,whatwoulditbe?Ed:Anewlawfortheenvironment?Um.Idprobablysaythatwhenpeoplethrowawaytheircigarettebutts,theyhavetothrowthemintothegarbagebin,notjustthrowthemeverywherebecauseitsjustlitteringandIhatethat.Sotheyshouldbefinediftheythrowthemonthefloororontheground.Martha:Thatsagoodidea.Whatdoyoupersonallydotohelpprotecttheenvironment?Ed:Imsoagainstlittering.Ineverlitter.IfIseesomebodylitter,Igetreallyangry.SoIalwaysthrowmytrashintothegarbagebin.Keys:(1)nature(2)environmentalproblem(3)pollution(4)promote(5)awareof(6)fromoccurring(7)law(8)throwaway(9)fined(10)trashTask2:RiverpollutionScript:Ifyouseedeadfishfloatingontheriverornoticethatthewaterisdiscoloredandsmelly,youknowtheriverhasbeenpolluted,andtherearefourmainpossiblecausesforit.First,fertilizer.Iflargeamountsoffertilizerorfarmwastedrainintoariver,theconcentrationsofnitrateandphosphateinthewaterincreaseconsiderably.Algaeusethesesubstancestogrowrapidly,turningthewatergreen.Thismassivegrowthofalgaeleadstopollution.Whenthealgaedie,theyarebrokendownbytheactionofthebacteria,whichquicklymultiply,usingupalltheoxygeninthewaterandthereforecausingthedeathoffish.Second,industrialwaste.Factoriessometimesdischargechemicalwasteintorivers.Examplesofsuchpollutantsincludecyanide,lead,copper,andmercury.Thesesubstancesmayenterthewaterinsuchhighconcentrationsthatfishandotheranimalsarekilledimmediately.Sometimesthepollutantsenterthefoodchainandaccumulateuntiltheyreachtoxiclevels,eventuallykillingfishandotheranimals.Third,oilpollution.Ifoilentersaslow-movingriver,itformsarainbow-coloredfilmovertheentiresurface,preventingoxygenfromenteringthewater.Fourth,warmwater.Industryoftenuseswaterforcoolingprocesses,sometimesdischarginglargequantitiesofwarmwaterbackintorivers.Ahighertemperatureofthewaterlowersthelevelofdissolvedoxygenandupsetsthebalanceoflifeinthewater.Keys:1.D2.A3.B4.C5.DTask3:CurbingcarbonemissionsScript:Althoughitisnotaneasytask,ChinaisstrivingtofulfillthepromisetocutitscarbondioxideemissionsperunitofGDPby40to45percentinthenext10years.ZhangGuobao,DirectoroftheNationalEnergyAdministration,said,Thegovernmentputsgreatemphasisonseekingharmoniousdevelopmentbetweencitiesandtheenvironment,andisreadjustingtheenergystructurebygivingprioritytothedevelopmentofcleanandlow-carbonenergies,includinghydroelectric,nuclear,wind,andsolarpower.Governmentauthoritieshaveclosedsmall,coal-firedplantswithatotalcapacityof60.06millionkilowattsinthepastfouryears.Thisyearstargetofclosing10millionkilowattsofcapacitywillbeachievedbyAugust.Wehavepromisedtotheinternationalcommunitythat15percentofourpowerwillbegeneratedfromnonfossilsourcesby2020,DirectorZhangsaid.Atpresent,non-fossilenergyaccountsforonly7.8percent.Chinaismakingeffortstoincreasetheproportionofcleanenergyinitstotalenergyconsumption.StatisticsshowthatChinainvestedUS$34.6billionincleanenergylastyear,exceedingtheUnitedStateswhichinvestedUS$18.6billion.Thus,Chinahasbecometheworldleaderingeneratingcleanenergy.Fiveyearsearlier,ChinasinvestmentincleanenergywasonlyUS$2.5billion.However,Chinascarbonemissionreductiontargetcannotbeachievedeasily.Theshifttoalow-carboneconomymightbemetatacosttosociety.Forinstance,morethan400,000peoplewerelaidoffasaresultoftheshutdownofsmallcoal-firedpowerplantsinthepastfouryears.ManystudiesindicatethattheefforttocurbgreenhousegasemissionsmaydelayChinasdevelopment,affectpeoplesincome,andleadtounemployment.Keys:1.D2.D3.A4.B5.CIV.SpeakingOutMODEL1MODEL2MODEL3V.Let?sTalkTask1:DisappointmentoverclimatenegotiationsKeys:1)doesntreallyactuallycommitanyonetodoinganything,2)theatmospheresimplecanttakethekindofemissionswevebeenseeinginthebusiness-as-usualscenarioandtheresnorealcommitmenttochangethat.3)Theresnorealcommitmenttoputseriousmoneyonthetable4)Itsnotbackedbyaction,5)Itdoesnotconstitutea.adeal.6)Itsahollowshell7)itlacksanythingonemissionscuts8)Theresnoguaranteethattherewillbenewmoney,thatthemoneywillbereal,thattheresactuallyacommitmenttogetthere,orthatitwillbechanneledinnewways,Task2:Whatsyouranswer?Twospeakersholdanegativeattitudetowardtheworldclimateconference.Task3:Letsgroupwork!Developedcountriesshouldbearmoreresponsibilities.First,theycausedmostoftheworldpollutionintheirindustrializationprocess.Second,theyarealreadyeconomicallyadvanced,withmorefundstodealwithpollutionproblems.Ontheotherhand,developingcountriescausedlesspollutioninthepast,andnowtheyneedrapiddevelopment.Therefore,aninternationalagreementtheKyotoProtocolin1997stipulatedcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesfordevelopedanddevelopingnations,whichmeansthatbothshouldberesponsibleforenvironmentalprotectionandcutcarbondioxideemissions,buttheformermusttakemoreresponsibility.Recently,however,somewealthycountrieshaveinsistedthatdevelopingcountrieslikeChinashouldshouldermoreresponsibilities.VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingListeningTask:Task1:TheenvironmentandthedevelopmentKeys:(1)waterpollution(2)overconsumption(3)economicgrowth(4)resources(5)socialadvancement(6)restricted(7)governmentplanning(8)economicpolicy(9)remarkablesteps(10)balanceTask2:ThickcloudofpollutioncoveringsouthernAsiaKeys:1.D2.B3.A4.C5.CTask3:Mountainregionsfaceanumberofdangers.Keys:(1)negative(2)report(3)warming(4)pressures(5)mountainous(6)barely(7)makewayfor(8)expect98percentofthemountainareastoexperiencesevereclimatechangeby2055(9)TheUNisanxioustoraiseawarenessoftheproblemsfacingmountainareas(10)ThousandsofvillagesinEuropearedesertedmostoftheyearViewingandspeaking:Task1:SantashometownindangerScriptWeatherexpertsmayhavefoundanewproblemcausedbyglobalwarming,onewhichmanypeoplewillpayattentionto:TherearesignsthatSantashomeintheNorthmaybeintroublebecauseofwarmertemperatures.TheFinnishtownofRovaniemiontheArcticCircle,whichmanyEuropeanssayisthehomeofSantaClaus,hashaditswarmestwinterin40years.Asaresult,therehasbeenmuchlesssnowthanusualmeaningnosnowmen,nosnowballs,andpossiblynotenoughsnowforSantatoridehissleighon.Moreimportantforlocalresidents,itmaymeanfewertourists,aswell.Santaswintryhometownnormallyattractsthousandsofvisitorseachyear,andmillionsofdollars.AnnePelttari-Bergman,thetownstouristdirector,worriesthatthetowncouldbeintroubleifsnowlevelsdonotreturntonormal.Sheexplains:Snowisreallyimportantforus,ofcourse,forSantaClaus,forChristmastourism,andalsoforourwintertourismbecausewinterisourbestseason.Itisreallyimportantforus.Weatherexpertsandtownresidentsarehopingthiswarmwinterisanone-timething.FewpeoplecanimagineaholidaywhenevenSantadoesnothaveawhiteChristmas.Keys:(1)signs(2)warmertemperatures(3)warmest(4)snow(5)attracts(6)trouble(7)normal(8)season(9)one-time(10)whiteTask2:TalkafterviewingScriptTheimageofSantaClausflyinginasleighpulledbyreindeerandleavingtoysandgiftsforeverychildisknownworldwide,andSantaClaushasbecomethemostbelovedofChristmassymbols.ButiftheweatheratSantashometownweretobecomesowarmthattherewasnomoresnowatChristmas,SantaClauswouldlosehischarm.SosnowisreallyimportantforSantaClaus,forhishometownsChristmastourism,anditswintertourismaswinteristhebestseasoninSantashometown.Unit2testPartIKeys:1.C2.C3.B4.C5.DPartII(1)chemicals(2)atmosphere(3)particles(4)trapped(5)lasts(6)human-based(7)progressed(8)EveninAncientRomepeoplecomplainedaboutsmokeputintotheatmosphere(9)Airpollutioncanhaveseriousconsequencesforthehealthofhumanbeings(10)CitieswithlargenumbersofautomobilesorthosethatusegreatquantitiesofcoaloftensuffermostseverelyfromairpollutionproblemsPartIII1.A2.C3.D4.C5.BPartIV1.B2.C3.D4.C5.C6.A7.D8.D9.B10.CUint3CulturemakesmewhatIamTask1:OnthefirstdayCollectivismIndividualismIndividualismCollectivismII.BasicListeningPracticeKeys:1.B2.A3.D4.B5.AIII.ListeningInTask1:CompetitioninAmericaKeys:1.C2.A3.C4.B5.DTask2:Howtoselectelectivecourses?Keys:(1)roots(2)what(3)moral(4)diligence(5)sin(6)teachings(7)centuries(8)Ifitsworthdoingatall,itsworthdoingwell(9)InEnglishanewwordhasbeencreatedtodescribepeoplewhoworkcompulsively(10)OthersholdthatworkaholicsarevaluablemembersofsocietybecausetheyareextremelyproductiveTask3:Cross-culturaltipsondoingbusinessKeys:1.D2.A3.D4.A5.CIV.SpeakingOutMODEL1MODEL2MODEL3V.Let?sTalkTask1:InternationalSlaveryMuseumKeys:1.(1)transatlanticslavetrade(2)unknownlands(3)dignityorpayment2.(1)rich(2)cottonandsugar3.(1)allovertheworld(2)familyhistory(3)changed4.200thanniversary5.(1)banned(2)takingpartin(3)slavery(4)freedTask2:Whatsyouranswer?VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingListeningTask:Task1:ProblemswithoureducationalsystemKeys:1.C2.B3.A4.C5.DTask2:Ourpersonalspace.Keys:1.A2.B3.A4.B5.BTask3:Wedontknowwhattodowiththem.Keys:1.TheRussianhurledthehalf-fullbottleofvodkaoutoftheopenwindow.2.Heanswered,Vodkaisplentifulinmycountry.Infact,wehavethousandsandthousandsoflitersofitfarmorethanweneed.3.Thebusinessmansaid,IthoughttheCubaneconomywasnotgoodthisyear.Yetyouthrewthatperfectlygoodcigaraway.Ifindyouractionsquitepuzzling.4.Hereplied,CigarsareadimeadozeninCuba.Wehavemoreofthemthanweknowwhattodowith.5.TheAmericanbusinessmansatinsilenceforamoment.Thenhegotup,grabbedthelawyer,andthrewhimoutofthewindow.HedidthatprobablybecausehethoughtthereweretoomanylawyersintheUnitedStates.Viewingandspeaking:Task1:RevivingtheimageofteaKeys:(1)disappearing(2)kicking(3)teashop(4)imagecrisis(5)update(6)compete(7)fast(8)productdesigners(9)contacts(10)similar(11)want(12)challenge(13)consumer(14)traditionalTask2:TalkafterviewingScriptAspeoplebecomeespressofiendsandcappuccinoconnoisseurs,thetraditionalBritishteaarebeingkickedoffthemenubydesignercoffees.Unit3testPartIKeys:1.B2.C3.B4.B5.DPartII(1)values(2)purpose(3)true(4)Nowhere(5)equality(6)races(7)laboratory(8)AlthoughEdwardsspecificallymentionsyoungmen,youngwomenalsocompeteinorganizedsportswithoutregardtotheirraceoreconomicbackground(9)ManyAmericansbelievethatlearninghowtowininsportshelpsdevelopthehabitsnecessarytocompetesuccessfullyinlaterlife(10) ericanbusinessandmilitaryeffortthecompetitiveethictaughtinsportsmustbelearnedandcultivatedinyouthforthefuturesuccessofAmsPartIII1.C2.A3.B4.D5.DPartIV1.D2.B3.A4.D5.D6.C7.A8.B9.B10.AUint4TastethesweetsandbittersoffamilylifeI.LeadinTask1:Extendedfamily;DINKfamily;Nuclearfamily;SingleparentfamilyII.BasicListeningPracticeKeys:1.C2.A3.B4.C5.DIII.ListeningInTask1:NuclearfamilylivingpatternsScript:Anuclearfamilyistypicalinhighly-industrializedsocieties.Beginningintheearly20thcentury,thetwo-parentfamilyknownasthenuclearfamilywasthepredominantAmericanfamilytype.Generallychildrenlivewiththeirparentsuntiltheygoawaytoacollegeoruniversity,oruntiltheyfindjobsandacquireanapartmentorhomeoftheirown.Intheearlymid-20thcentury,thefatherwastypicallythesolewage-earner,andthemotherwasthechildrensprincipalcaregiver.Today,oftenbothparentsholdjobs.Dual-earnerfamiliesarethepredominanttypeforfamilieswithchildrenintheUnitedStates.Increasingly,oneoftheparentshasanon-standardshift,thatis,ashiftthatdoesnotstartinthemorningandendinthelateafternoon.Inthesefamilies,oneoftheparentsmanagesthechildrenwhiletheotherworks.Priortoschool,adequatedaycareofchildrenisnecessaryfordual-earnerfamilies.Inrecentyears,manyprivatecompaniesandhome-baseddaycarecentershavesprunguptofulfillthisneed.Increasingly,companiesarege