经贸知识英语ppt课件演示文稿

经贸英语与普通英语的区别经贸英语的学习方法和途径学习经贸英语的作用关于考试及试题类型,概 论,试题类型,一 英汉短语互译（10）二 搭配题（5）三 经贸术语翻译（20）四 用所给词的正确形式填空（10）五 英译汉（15）六 汉译英（25）七 回答问题（15）,Lesson1International Trade(I),1重点句子 (1) A country may develop a particular comparative advantage purely through its own action, independent of the endowment of nature. 一个国家可以不依赖于大自然的恩赐而完全通过自身的行动来发展某一具体比较优势。independent of sth:not depending on sth. 独立于。,(2) Switzerlands comparative advantage in watch making is typical example. 瑞士钟表制造业就是一个典型的例子。in:prep. 在方面(3) Similarly, the United States has developed comparative advantage in many lines that use the most up-to-date technology. 同样，美国已经在使用最先进技术的许多行业发展了比较优势。 line:行业 up-to-date:最新的,(4) Trade to exploit comparative advantage promotes efficiency among countries, since it can make one country better off without making another worse off. 利用比较利益进行贸易能够在各国间提高效益，可以改善一个国家的经济状况而不损害另一个国家的利益。 since:因为 it 指上述情况 well off:境况良好 worse off:badly off 的比较级,(5) As a result, Country A would specialize in the production of computers and trade some of them for Country Bs cars, and Country B would specialize in cars and exchange some of the cars for Country As computers. 因为，甲国将专门生产计算机并用部分产品换取乙国的小汽车。而乙国将专门生产小汽车并用部分产品换取甲国的计算机。 as a result:因此 specialize in:专攻（专门研究）,(6) But according to the above theory, trade occurs only when each country has an absolute advantage over the other in the production of one commodity. 但是，根据上述理论，只有当一个国家对另一个国家在某一商品的生产方面占绝对优势时，贸易才会发生。(7) On the other hand, one man in Country B can produce 40 cars in a year but only 20in Country A. 从另一方面讲，在乙国每人每年能生产四十辆小汽车，但在甲国每人每年只能生产二十辆。On the one hand,on the other hand:一方面另一方面,(8) So Country A is more efficient in producing computers than Country B, and we say that the former has an absolute advantage over the latter. 所以，甲国的计算机生产能力要比乙国强。我们说前者对于后者来说有着绝对优势。 in doing sth.:在做方面 the former the latter:前者后者(9) In reality, it is not rare that one country has no absolute advantage in any commodity. 事实上，对于一个国家来说，生产任何一种商品都不占绝对优势的情况并不罕见。 in reality:事实上 rare:罕见的,(10) The theory of comparative advantage holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade. 比较优势学说认为，即使一个国家在生产两种商品时都比另一个国家效率高，这两个国家也存在着互利的贸易基础。even if/though:即使（引导条件状语从句）,(11) The first country should specialize in the production and export of the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is smaller, i.e. the commodity of its comparative advantage, and import the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is greater, i.e. the commodity of its comparative disadvantage. 甲国应该专门生产和出口那些绝对劣势小、也就是有相对优势的商品，进口那些绝对劣势大、也就是有相对劣势的商品。 in which（不能用that）引导定语从句，修饰其前的commodity i.e. （拉丁语缩写）：也就是说,(12) Some countries are abundant in resources, and while elsewhere reserves are scarce or even nonexistent. 有些国家资源非常丰富，而其他国家资源稀少，甚至根本就没有。 be abundant/rich in:富有 while:虽然You like basketball, while Id rather read. 你爱打篮球，但我爱看书。(13) For instance,举例来说，英国煤资源丰富，但金属资源匮乏。For instance:例如：,(14) Kuwait has vast oil deposits but little farm produce. 科威特石油储量巨大，但农产品缺乏。little:几乎没有(15) And Japan relies heavily on import for most of the primary commodities. 对于多数的初级产品，日本严重依赖进口。rely on:依赖We cannot rely on developed countries all the time. 我们不能总是依赖着发达国家。,2重点词汇(1) define:及物动词，解释。(2) distribution:名词，分布，经销。(3) natural resources:短语，自然资源。(4) abundant:形容词，丰富的；丰富(5) scarce:形容词，缺少的；稀有的；多与介词连用形成词组,(6) in terms of (as regards sth.):从方面来讲Think of it in terms of an investment. 从投资的角度考虑那件事。The figures are expressed in terms of a percentage/in percentage terms. 这些数字是以百分数表达的。China has an absolute advantage over any other countries in terms of labor. 在人力资源方面，中国比别的任何国家都有优势。(7) incentive:名词，刺激，鼓励，同时该词还兼有形容词的词性，意指：刺激的；鼓励的。,(8) constitute:动词，构成，形成。(9) remainder:名词，剩余物，余数。(10) hold:及物动词，认为。(11) in terms of:介词短语，在方面。例句：In terms of manpower we have a large population to take part in this activity 在人力这一方面，我们有足够的人员去参加这活动。(12) specialization: In our text, it means one country produces more of a commodity than it uses itself and sells the remainder to other countries. 专门化：在本文指一个国家所生产的某种商品数量超出它的消费，并将所剩商品卖给其他国家。,(13) services: A useful business or job that does not produce goods. .服务：不生产具体物品的一种职业或工作。(14) primary commodities: Mainly means the non-processed or the primarily, processed produce or products, it includes foods, drinks, material processing in agriculture and mineral, vegetable oil and animal fat, and fuel manufacturing. 初级产品：主要指未经加工或仅经初步加工的农林、牧、渔、矿等产品。分为食品、饮料、农矿原料、动植物油脂和燃料五大类。,三 练习与作业（page12）1. 回答问题:第1题、第2题。2 搭配题3 完型填空4 英汉翻译（作业）5 汉译英（作业为1 、 2 、 5）,Lesson 2International Trade(II),1重点句子(1) These countries attract large numbers of tourists, who spend money for traveling,hotel accommodations, meals, taxis, and so on. 这些国家吸引着大批观光者，他们花钱旅游、食宿、乘出租车等。 large numbers of +可数名词：大量的 who 引导非限制性定语从句。,(2) This refers to the money sent back to home countries by people working in a foreign land. 这里指的是那些在国外工作的人汇回国内的钱。句中画线部分为过去分词短语作定语，修饰money。 working in a foreign land 为现在分词短语作定语，修饰people。(3) Invisible trade can be as important to some countries as visible trade is to others.如同有形贸易对一些国家非常重要一样，无形贸易对一些国家一样非常重要。as +adj.+其他+as结构的用法：像一样,(4) A tariff is a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area which usually coincides with the area of a country. 关税是商品跨越关税区时对该商品征收的税。一般来说，关税区与一个国家的领域是一致的。 levy a tariff on:对征收关税 A departure tax was levied on all travellers.句中画线部分是过去分词短语，作tax的定语。 coincide with:与一致 My ideas coincide with his. 我的想法与他的一致。,(5) Import duties may be either specific, or ad valorem, or a combination of the two compound duties. 进口税可以是从量税、从价税、或两者的结合，即混合税。eitheror：或者或者(6) But a complete answer must also take into account other factors such as patterns of scale and , economies of scale and innovation or style. 但是，完整的答案还必须考虑到一些其他因素，如需求结构、规模经济、以及革新或款式。 take sth. into account:把考虑在内 such as:例如,(7) For strategic or domestic reasons, a country may continue to produce goods for which it does not have an advantage. 出于战略或国内的原因，一个国家可能继续生产其不具优势的商品。for which为“介词+关系代词”结构，引导定语从句，修饰先行词goods，for在这里是“对于”的意思，即“对于这些商品，这个国家并不具优势”。(8) Where there are no differences among countries in the basic capabilities at producing goods, other bases for trade among them may still exist. 在那些生产商品的基础能力方面没有差异的国家中，其他方面的贸易基础仍然可能存在。where 引导一个地点状语从句。,(9) For example, most consumers in one country may consider dog meat a delicacy, while in another country the consumption of dog meat is abhorrent. 例如，在一个国家消费者可能把狗肉看作一种美食，而在另一个国家，吃狗肉则被认为是不雅的。 while:“而”表示前后意思的对比。 abhorrent:adj.“可恶的”,(10) Even though Country A produces enough cars at reasonable costs to meet its own demand and even to export some, it still import cars from other countries for innovation or variety of style. 即使甲国能以合理的民本生产足够的小汽车满足自己的需求，甚至出口一些，但是因革新与款式的需要，它仍从别的国家进口一些小汽车。 even though/if:即使 meet:满足meet sbs wishes, conditions, needs,etc.满足某人的希望，条件，需要等。 for:由于 Hes learning English for the fun of it.他为了好玩才学习英语的。,Summarize,归纳，总结。 Can you summarize this passage?Seek to 试图。 The two parties seek to bring the disagreement to and endSeek 还可以与介词for连用，意思为：探求，寻求 They are seeking for the solution to current problems.Take into account 考虑，认为 We are taking into account the drawback of the meeting.,In reality,事实上，实际上。类似的短语还有in fact , in practice . In reality ,most of countries are lack of natual resource. affect意为影响，多为负面影响；influence为中性词。 Smoking affects health. 吸烟影响健康。My teacher influenced my decision to study science.我的老师对我学理科的决定起了影响作用,介词With的用法1 和一起 Misery acquaints men with strange bedfellows.(谚) 落难时不择伙伴。 to live with ones parents staying with a friend2 带有的心情、态度等He agreed that he was wrong with a good grace.他很大方地承认自己错了。,3 有I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited.我坐在一把有网眼的新式椅子上等,4 因为，由于With the state of national economy so serious, I see no reason for the governments complacency.国民经济如此严竣,我认为政府毫无理由沾沾自喜,The former前者 Did he go there by air or by train? The former seems more likely. 他是乘飞机还是坐火车去的?前者似乎可能性更大些。the latter前者，后者Did he walk or swim? The latter seems unlikely. 他是散步还是游泳？后者看来不太可能。,Refer to 针对；有关;指的是 The new law does not refer to farm land. 新法律与耕地无关。 What I said refers to all of you.on the basis of 以.为基础 The principle is on the basis of fairness.In addition to In addition to gene, intelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a decent home environment. 除了遗传基因外,智力的高低还取决于良好的营养,良好的教育和良好的家庭环境。,Besidesprep.除以外(还有)Besides milk and cheese, we need vegetables.除了牛奶和干酪外，我们还需要蔬菜。Except prep.（常与for, that连用）除之外（没有）All the answers are excellent except for some mistakes.除最后一道题之外的所有问题His report is correct except that some details are omitted.除了有些细节未提到之外,他的报导是正确的。,butprep.除以外（主语多为不定代词）no one but me除我以外没别人Book 意思是租用Youll have to book up early.你要早一点订座。The secretary has booked the manager in at the Hilton Hotel.秘书已经在希尔顿大酒店为经理预定了房间。The hotel is fully booked up.旅馆房间已经全部给人预定。As well as除以外,Attract vt 吸引 She was attracted by the novel advertisement. 她被这新颖的广告吸引住了。,Attract的同义词合近义词Allure captivate charm draw fascinate infatuate intere stpull tempt distract repel,Large number of大量的。用来修饰可数名词。 A smaller number of families may raise children. 少数家庭可以抚养孩子。Large amount of 大量的。,Large amounts of money were spent on the magnificent building.这幢气派的大楼花了大量的钱。,depend,1.（常与on 连用）信任，信赖；需要Can I depend on you?我可以信任你吗？I havent a car, I have to depend on the buses.我没有汽车，只能靠公共,2.（常与on, upon连用）视情况而定That depends.视情形而定。It all depends on how you tackle the problem.那要看你如何应付这问题而定,Make effort to,尽力He made an effort to climb the wall.他尽力爬上墙。,Please put more effort into your school work.请你在功课上再努点力。,engage in 使从事于, 参加 I have no time to engage in gossip.,engage for 保证,engage on 开始(某种职业),2重点词汇(1) concession:名词，让步。通常用短语“make a concession to”对作出让步。(2) impose:动词，强加。Impose something on somebody把强加于某人。另外impose还可作不及物动词，意指利用，如impose on sbs kindness利用某人的善意。(3) non-tariff barriers, 非关税壁垒，指关税之外的一切直接或间接限制进口的法规和措施，如，进口限额等。随着关税壁垒在贸易保护中的作用减弱，非关税壁垒则被广泛采用。,(4) without reference to countries:与国家无关，短语without reference to与无关。如：all the people, without reference to age or sex, 所有人，不论男女老少。Visible trade:有形贸易，指商品的进出口。(5) reasonable costs:合理的成本，reasonable的含义是“适当的”、“不过分的”、“公道的”、“合乎情理的”。如果要表达“合理利用资源”、“合理化建议”则不能用reasonable而该用rational，分别译作make rational use of resources和 rationalization proposal.(6) coincide:v.巧合，偶合，用时多与介词with相连用，但也有例外，如：We do not coincide in opinion. 我们意见不和。,(7) refund: v.偿还，退还。(8) signatory: now签约人，签约国。例如：the signatories to a treaty 各缔约国。(9) impose:v .to establish（an additional payment）officially征（税），加（负担）于A new tax has been imposed on tabaco.对烟又征收了新税项。(10) protectionist:n.a person who wants to keep the system of protecting ones own countrys trade, esp.by tariffs（贸易）保护主义者。The U .S .A is one of protectionists in international trade.美国是国际贸易中一个保护主义者。,(11) unilateral：adj.done by or having an effect on only one side,esp.one of the political groups in an agreement：一方的，单方面的。The treaty denies any unilateral withdrawal.该条约禁止任何单方面的撤出。(12) label：n.a piece of other material,fixed to something.(13) customs union：关税同盟。两个或多个国家缔约建立统一的关税，对内取消相互间的进口关税，实现内部商品自由流通；对外实行统一的关税，这样的联盟即为关税同盟。,(14) Import duties may be either specific, or ad valorem, or a combination of the twocompound duties. Specific duties,从量税，以商品的重量、数量、容量、长度、面积等计征的关税；ad valorem duties ；从价税，以商品的价格为标准征收的关税；compound duties混合税、复合税，英语也称，对同一税目的商品，同时按从价和从量两种税率计征的关税。(15) drawback:退税(16) exploit vt. use; develop:利用(A) Man should make more efforts to exploit natural resources. 人类应该更加努力地开发利用自然资源。(B) Man exploits waterpower very well. 人类对水能开发利用得很好。,(17) assume vt. take as true before there is proof:假定(A) Assuming that her story is true, what should we do? 假如她说的是真的，我们怎么办？(B) I assume that she has received my telegram. 我猜测她已经接到了我的电报。（18）take into account other factors:考虑其他因素。Take into account 是一个常用短语。 We must take into account all the different opinions expressed at the meeting.我们必须考虑会上提出的不同意见。,三 练习与作业（page25）1. 回答问题:第1题、第6题、第8题。2 搭配题3 完型填空4 英汉翻译（作业）5 汉译英（作业为1 、 2 、 4）,课后练习1参考答案：(1) yes, there are, for example, patterns of demand; economies of scales; innovation or style.(2)economy of scale is the cost advantages of large-scale production . Trade may occur out of economies of scale.(3)the theory of international specialization seek to answer the question which countries will produce what goods ,with what trade patterns among them.(4)no. it will not. For stratagic or domestic reasons, a country may continue to produce goods for which it does not have an advantage.,(4). the benefits of specialization may also be affected by transport cost. Protectionist measures which are often taken by governments are also barries to trade ,and typical examples are tariffs and quotas.(5).tariff barries are the most common of trade restriction. a tariffs is tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the bounary of a customs area extending beyond national boundaries to include two or more independent nations is called a customs union.,(6).the most-favoured-nation(MFN） treatment refers to a tariffs treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country. MFN treatment is not really special treatment but is just normal trading status because it gives a country lowest tariffs only within the tariffs schedule, but it is still possible to have lower tariffs.(7).quotas or quantitative restrictions are the most common form of non-tariff barries. A quotas limits the imports or export of a commodities during a given period of time.,(8).visible trade involves the export and import of goods. Invisible trade involves the exchange of services and tecknoledge between countries. Invisible trade include transportation, insurance, tourism , immigrant remittance ,ect.,Lesson 3International Payment,重点句子(1).Generally speaking, it is not difficult for buyers and sellers in domestic trade to get to know each others financial status and other information, and payment is likely to be made in a straightforward manner, say by remittance or by debiting the debtors account. 一般而言，在国内贸易中，买卖双方相互了解对方的财务状况和其他相关信息并不难，支付可能以一种直接的方式进行，例如，通过汇款或从债务人的帐户转帐。 generally speaking 为插入语 be likely to do sth:可能干某事 in a straightforward manner: in a straightforward way以一种直接的方式。,It在这里是形式主语，真正的主语是不定时短语。这主要是因为不定式短语过长。 Eg. It is very difficult for me to understand what you are talking about.Be likely to do sth.Eg. It is not likely to rain this afternoon.Eg. She is very likely to ring me tonight . Or it is likely that she will call me tonight.Say 比如，假定；常用作插入语。Eg. You could learn to play chess in, say, three months.Eg. Let us take any writer ,say, Dickens.,(2).pachase and sale of goods and services are carried out beyond national boundaries, which makes it rather difficult for the parties concerned in the transaction to get adequate information about each other s financial standing and credit worthiness.货物的购买和销售跨越国界进行，交易中的有关当事人很难充分地得到彼此的财务状况和信誉方面的信息。 carry out 事实，执行，贯彻，落实，进行carry out a promise, a threat , a plan, an orderWhich makes it rather difficult for the parties concerned in the transaction to get adequate information about each other s financial standing and credit worthiness. Which 引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个句子。句种it是形式宾语。真正的宾语是不定式短语。,Eg. George made it clear that he disagreed. Eg. I thought it peculiar that she had not written.Standing n. 地位，名声，等级。 They are making enquiries into its financial standing. She was an economist of considerable standing.(3)The importer might fail to pay in full for goods.进口商可能不支付全部货款。In full:全部的，全面的The bill has been paid in full.Write your name in full, please.Fail to do sth.不能干什么，无法干什么He failed to pass the driving test.,(4)He might go bankrupt ;his government might ,for various reasons, ban trade with the exporting country or ban imports of certain commodities; the buyer might run into difficulties getting the foreign exchange to pay for the goods.他可能破产了；出于各种原因他大的政府可能禁止同出国进行贸易，或者禁止进口某些商品，为了得到外汇偿付货款，卖方可能陷入困境。Go bankrupt:破产，倒闭 The company went bankrupt because it could not sell its products.Run into:遇到，碰上 They ran into the bad storm.,Trade sth. with sb.于某人交换什么 Since Britain joining the Common Market, Britain trade goods with other countries.getting the foreign exchange to pay for the goods是现在分词短语作状语.(5)The delay may be caused by problems in production or transportation, and such delays may lead to loss of business. There is also a risk that wrong goods might be sent as a result of negligence of the exporter or simply because of his lack of integrity.这种拖延可能是因为生产或是运输造成的，并有可能导致损失业务。还有一种风险，即由于出口上的疏忽，或是不诚实造成发运出不合要求的货物。,Lead to:导致，通向 This misprint led to great confusion. All roads lead to Beijing.As a result of:因为，由于 The flight was delayed as a result of fog. She was late as a result of the snow.Lack of:缺乏，短缺 Lack of rest made her tired. The project had to be abandoned because of lack of funds.that wrong goods might be sent as a result of negligence of the exporter or simply because of his lack of integrity做risk的同位语。,(6)Political risk such as war, quotas. . . . . before parting with their money.政治风险，譬如战争，配额. . . . . 在付款之前就得到货物。Add up to:总计达到 These numbers add up to 100. All this add up to a new concept of international division of labor.Release sb/sth from somewhere把某人或某物从省么中释放出来 She released the rabbit from the trap.prefer地用法。Prefer to do sth./prefer sth to sth/prefer doing sth/prefer that/prefer to .rather than.Eg. She preferred that he should it in the kitchen.Eg. He perferd to stay at home rather than go with us.,Be hesitant to do sth.不情愿做谋事，不愿意做谋事Eg. He was hesitant to invite me to take party in her birthday party.Part with 与什么分手Eg. He just parted with his former girlfriend.(7)Various methods oftrade.在国际贸易中已经采用了许多措施以解决不同情况。 Copy with对付，处理，解决。相当于deal with 或do with Eg.how do you copy with this problem？(8)when the political andcash in advance.当进口国的政治经济形势使付款不稳