语法专题一：定语从句.doc

牛津版高三英语二轮复习语法专题语法专题一：定语从句1. 定语从句的几个基本概念： 1) 先行词：即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常位于定从的前面。2) 先行词在从句中担当成份：根据不同成份，用相应的关系代词或关系副词。3) 关系代词：即先行词在定从中作主、宾、表、定。 作主语：指物，则用that, which引导，且不能省略；指人，用that, who引导，不省略。 作宾语：即及物动词宾语和介词宾语： 指物，用that, which引导，可省略；指人，用that, who, whom引导，可省略。 注意：如将介词提到了定从之首，先行词指人，只能用whom; 指物只能用which。 作表语：一般指人、指物皆用that, 可省略。 作定语：指人、指物皆用whose,不省略。4) 关系副词：即先行词在定从中作状语，指时间用when, 地点用where, 原因用why，亦可用介词+which替代。所谓作状语：即先行词不能直接放入从句中，需要有一个介词连接，而从句中却没有这个介词。5) 非限制性定语从句：即用逗号与主句或先行词分开，用于补充说明。(1) which: 用于指代先行词（物），或整个主句，不能省略。 (2) who / whom: 用于指代先行词（人），不能省略。(3) all / some of + which / whom: 用于指代先行词的部分。(4) as为关系代词， “正如、就像”的意思, 引导定从时可置于句首、句中或句末。注意：在非限制性定从中，不能用that。2. 一些特殊用法：1) 一般只用that引导从句的情况：(1) 限制性定语从句中，当先行词被强调，如被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very等修饰时； (2) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等时；(3) 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时； (4) 先行词既有人又有物时；(5) 当句中已有who时，为避免重复。2) 一般只用which引导从句的情况：(1) 引导非限制性定语从句，指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句时； (2) 引导介词、介词短语提前的定语从句； (3）当先行词为集体名词时，着眼于整体，用which；着眼于各个成员，用who； (4) 替代某些固定短语中的指示代词，如this, that等, 引导定从。3) 由as引导的定语从句的几种常见情况： (1) as引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句的内容，和which引导定语从句代替整个句子的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which则没有此意； (2）当先行词前有the same，such修饰时，或在 “so / asas”结构中，表示“那样以致”，后用关系代词as引导限制性定语从句； (3) 在suchas结构中，as为关系代词，替代先行词，引导的是定语从句；在suchthat结构中，that为连词，引导的是一个完整的结果状语从句。4) 当way作先行词时，可用that, in which或省略引导定从；5) 当先行词为situation, case, point, job, condition等时，常用where引导定从；6) 当先行词为one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用复数动词； 当先行词为the (only)one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用单数动词； 7) those / anyone作先行词时，习惯用who引导定从。巩固练习：1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. thoseD. what2. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time3. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. howB. which C. whereD. that4. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for whichB. at which C. in which D. on which5. New York, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city. A. that B. which C. when D. in which 6. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where7. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name8. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A who B. as C. about which D. with whom10. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. A. when B. where C. what D. which11. The factory _ the students visited last week is the one _ I have worked for three years. A. that; which B. when; in which C. /; where D. which; that12. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that13. The school _ my father teaches is a world-famous one, _was set up 100 years ago.A. where; which B. which; which C. /; where D. where; that14. This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell you.A. who B. whom C. that D. /15. It is reported that tomorrow will be a rainy day, in _ case, well have to put off our sports meet. A. whose B. which C. that D. what16. -When was the house built? -It was built in 1949 _ the PRC was founded. A. which B. that C. what D. when17. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. A. as B. which C. who D. that18. He has three brothers, _ is a doctor.A. all of them B. all of whom C. none of whom D. both of them19. The young mother saw her baby fall to the ground, _ brought her heart to her mouth.A. it B. and that C. and which D. that20. Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. that B. what C. how D. why21. The place _ interested me most was the Great Wall.A. in which B. which C. where D. what22. The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.A. which are not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been23. Id like a car _ front lights are big and tuned.A. which B. that C. whose D. of which24. You were very impolite to him, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think,A. this B. which C. what D. that25. The artist _ the judge gave a prize is the teacher _ I have been taught painting for two years.A. from whom; by whom B. to whom; who C. from whom; who D. to whom; by whom26. For weeks the street hasnt been cleaned by the cleaners, _ makes it very dirty.A. who B. which C. that D. this27. Now teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurants, _ eating doesnt take much time. A. which B. who C. what D. where28. In my old school album there are some pictures of some teachers _ cant be found in yours. A. which B. who C. those D. they29. Henry set up a club for football fans, _ he invited all his friends.A. for whom B. to whom C. to which D. from which30. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose31. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. when B. which C. that D. when32. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when33. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which34. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. that D. what35. I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose36. _ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. As B. It C. That D. Which37. He lived in London for 3 months, during _ time he learned some English.A. this B. which C. that D. same38. On the wall hung a picture, _ colour is blue.A. whose B. of which C. which D. its39. Whenever I met him, _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A. what B. that C. which D. when40. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and _ could help him to kill the time. A. that B. where C. what D. there41. The boss _ department Ms. King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose42. Luckily, wed brought a map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. that C. this D. which43. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is44. This is the very bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A. that B. who C. whom D. which45. I think you have got to the point _ change is needed, or you would fail A. when B. that C. where D. which46. October 1, 1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A. which B. when C. where D. in which47. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A. which B. where C. in which D. what48. Is this museum _ they visited last month?A. that B. which C. where D. the one49. I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A. what B. which C. that D. where50. She is not the woman _ she was before. A. what B. who C. that D. where51. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather A. which B. where C. what D. that52. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.A. who B. that C. as D. what 53. The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which 54. It was from only a few supplies _ she had bought in the village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. A. that; that B. that; where C. where; where D. that; which55. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that 56. He filled his leather container so that he could br