Chapter 6 Education in the United States.doc

Chapter 6 Education in the United StatesExercisesI. Explain the following in English:1. Elementary school2. Boards of education3. Higher education4. The Servicemens Readjustment Act5. Affirmative action programII. Fill in the blanks:1. About_ percent of American students go to_ schools and _ percent attend private schools.2. The Puritans introduced _ education for all children and public taxation for _ in the 17th century.3. The goal of education in the United States is to achieve universal and provide individuals with _and_ necessary to promote the welfare for individuals and the general public.4. Every state in America has its own laws abou_ and all states require young people to _. Thus,every child in America is guaranteed up to_years of education.5. Every year more than _ million students graduate from secondary schools, only about _ million students go on for_.6. Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income:_, endowments and_.7. Some colleges in America are small and others are large. A small one has fewer than_ students, but a 1arge university has a total enrollment of _ students.8. After earning a certain number of credits (about 120) in four years of college, the undergraduate student gets a_degree. The other two higher degrees are_ and_.9. The Servicemens Readjustment Act promised to give financial aid to_ after the end of World War II.10. Some of the programs to equalize educational opportunities for all groups were called_.11. About 25% of all schools of higher education in America are privately operated by_.12. The State University of New York had more than 60 _in different parts of the state.13. By 1955, more than two million veterans of World War 11 and of the Korean War had used their_ to go to college, as they believed that a college would improve their chances for a good job in the postwar economy.III. Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions:1. Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?A. Mathematics and languages.B. Politics and business education.C. Science and social studies.D. Music and physical education.2. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by_A. teachers B. studentsC. headmasters D. boards of education3. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?A. Elementary school, grammar school.B. Elementary school, junior high school.C. Elementary school, secondary school.D. Junior high school, senior high school.4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education?A. Universities and collegesB. Research institutionsC. Technical institutionsD. Undergraduate institutions5. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which isexception?A. Large universities offer the best libraries and facilities for scientific research.B. Large universities provide students with mainframe computers.C. Large universities offer scholarships to all students.D. Large universities attract students with modern laboratories.6. Nearly all students want to get into more desirable institutions because_. A.they find it easy for them to get jobs after having graduated from one of them.B they enjoy the high prestige of these institutionsC. they like the teachers and surroundings in these institutionsD. they prefer to have the Scholastic Aptitude Tests7. In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that_.A. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewsC. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD. they pass the college entrance examinations8. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception?A. Harvard UniversityB. the State University of New YorkC. Yale UniversityD. Princeton University9. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except_.A. investment B. student tuitionB. endowments D. government funding10. To get a bachelors degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following exceptA. attending lectures and complete assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyD. earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at collegeQuestions for Thought1. What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the UnitedStates and China concerning the goals of education.2. How did American education begin to develop?3. What do you think some of the characteristics in education that are particularly American?Chapter 6I. Explain the following:1. elementary school:In the United States, elementary school usually means grades kindergarten (k) through 8. But in some places, it includes only k-6. Many Americans refer to elementary grades as grammar school. Elementary schools teach mathematics, language, arts, social studies and some other subjects.2. Boards of education:Boards of education refer to groups of people who make policies for schools at the state and/or district level. They also make decisions about the school curriculum, teacher standards and certification, and the overall measurement of student progress.3. higher education:It refers to American education on the college level. American higher education includes four categories of institutions. They are the university, the four-year undergraduate institution( the college),the technical training institution and the two-year or community college. Some are supported by public funds and some by private funds. Many universities and colleges have won reputations for provi6imtheir students with a higher quality of education. The great majority are generally regarded as quite satisfactory. A few other institutions provide only adequate education.4. The Servicemens Readjustment Act:The Servicemens Readjustment Act was passed in 1944. It was soon popularly called the GI Bill of Rights. GI was a nickname for the American soldier. The nickname came from the abbreviation for Government Issue - the uniforms and other articles issued to a soldier. The Act promised financial aid, including aid for higher education to members of the armed forces.5. Affirmative action programs:Affirmative action programs were first advocated by some colleges in the 19