Unit15重点知识辅导.doc

Unit 15 重点知识辅导一、 重点词汇、短语学习weigh称称“重量”原文点击Theyre about 10 feet long and they weigh about 1,000 pounds.它们大约10英尺长，1000磅重。精彩点拨1) weigh可用作联系动词，意为“有重，重”。如：How much do you weigh? 你体重多少？She weighs 50 kilos. 她体重50公斤。2) weigh可用作及物动词，意为“称，称的重量”。如：He weighed the parcel in his hand. 他用手估量那个包裹的重量。3) weigh的名词形式为weight，意为“重量”；lose weight，意为“减肥”。如：It is about 20 kilos in weight. 这东西重约20千克。She is trying to lose weight. 她正在设法减肥。urge强烈要求原文点击I urge all of your readers to visit our wonderful zoo soon. 我强烈要求所有读者尽快来参观我们绝妙的动物园。精彩点拨1) urge是动词，意为“强烈要求，极力主张”。常用于短语urge sb. to do sth.中，意为“强烈要求某人做某事”。如：She urged me to go shopping with her. 她强烈要求我和她一起去购物。They urged him to join their company. 他们强烈要求他加入他们的公司。2) urge后面还可接从句，但从句中的谓语动词多用“(should) +动词原形”。如：They urged that the library (should) be kept open during the vacation. 他们强烈要求图书馆假期照常开放。against “反对”原文点击I am writing to say that I am against building a new zoo in our town. 我写信的目的是说我反对在我们城里建一座新动物园。精彩点拨1) 句中against是介词，意为“反对，与相反”；常和be, fight等动词连用，后面可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。如：No one is against this proposal. 没有人反对这项提议。I knew she was against us. 我知道她是反对我们的。Im against doing anything till the police arrive. 在警察到来之前我反对做任何事。2) 与be against意思相反的短语是be for，意为“支持，赞成”。如：Are you for the plan? 你赞成这个计划吗？Were always for the peace and against the war. 我们一向支持和平，反对战争。二、 重点句型学习1. 原文回放Ive visited a lot of zoos in my life, and I have never seen one I liked or one that was suitable for animals to live in. 我一生中参观过很多动物园，我还没有看到我喜欢的或者适合动物居住的动物园。难点点拨1) in ones life意为“在某人的一生中”。如：She has never worn such a beautiful coat in her life. 她一生中从来没有穿过这么漂亮的外套。2) 句中的两个one都相当于a zoo。第一个one后省略了引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语的引导词that / which；第二个one后是由that引导的定语从句，that在从句中作主语，故不能省略。 3) live意为“居住”，为不及物动词，后面的介词in不能省略，in的逻辑宾语是one。2. 原文回放You have probably never heard of Amy Winterbourne, but she is a most unusual woman. 你可能从来没有听说过Amy Winterbourne，但是她是一位极不寻常的女性。难点点拨1)“a + most +形容词”结构中的most相当于very, extremely，意为“很；非常”。如：This is a most useful book. 这是一本非常有用的书。2)“the + most +形容词原级”是多音节和部分双音节形容词最高级的构成形式。如：He was the most careful boy in his class. 他是班上最细心的男孩。3. 原文回放The windows and doors came from old buildings around the town that were being pulled down. 门窗来自城镇附近正在被拆毁的旧建筑物。难点点拨1) 句中that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词old buildings。2)“was / were + being + done”是过去进行时的被动语态结构。如：That dining room was being used by the students from Grade Three. 那个餐厅正被来自三年级的学生们使用。3) 现在进行时的被动语态结构为“am/ is / are + being + done”。如：Our environment is being polluted by waste water. 我们的环境正在受到废水的污染。4. 原文回放Zoos are terrible places for animals to live. 动物园是动物生活的可怕的地方。难点点拨for sb. to do sth.是不定式的复合结构，sb.是to do sth.的逻辑主语。本句中for animals to live是定语，修饰名词places。友情提示当不定式作定语时，一般和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。当存在逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式动词如果是不及物动词，则要在这个动词后加上一个合适的介词。如：Its important for us to learn English well. 对于我们来说学好英语很重要。（us是不定式的逻辑主语）I have an important report to listen to. 我有一个重要的报告要听。（an important report是listen to的逻辑宾语，listen是个不及物动词，后面应加to）但是当动词不定式修饰place时，介词则省略。三、 重点语法学习再谈现在完成时【延续性动词与终止性动词在现在完成时中的运用】 在现在完成时中，如果句子是肯定形式并与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。如：I have had this dictionary for three years.这本字典我买了三年了。 上述情况下，在现在完成时态中，若遇到终止性动词，须用一个相应的延续性动词来代替。常见的转换情况如下：终止性动词延续性动词arrivebe herebegin startbe on borrowkeepbuyhavecatch (a cold)have (a cold)come backbe backdiebe deadfall (ill, sick, asleep)be (ill, sick, asleep)get upbe upgo outbe outjoinbe inbe a member ofleavebe away fromget to knowknowput onwear【have/has been to与have/has gone to的区别】 have / has been to