2015考研英语大纲.doc

2015考研英语大纲2015年考研大纲将于2014年9月份发布，考研集训营网会在第一时间公布2015年考研大纲，希望对大家备考有所帮助。由于考研大纲每年变化不大，同学们可以先参考2014年考研大纲进行备考，祝大家考研顺利！I. 考 试 性 质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。II. 考 查 目 标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。2. 词汇考生应能掌握5 500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容（详见附录1.2）。除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。(二)语言技能*1. 阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所读材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨要义；2)理解文中的具体信息；3)理解文中的概念性含义；4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申；5)根据上下文推测生词的词义；6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系；7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度；8)区分论点和论据。2. 写作考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。写作时，考生应能：1) 做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；2) 遵循文章的特定文体格式；3) 合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；4) 根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域*。*考生应能掌握的语言技能包括听、说、读、写四种能力。但是由于听力能力和口语能力的考查在复试中进行，因此这里只列出读和写两种技能。*指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语。III. 考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。考试时间为180分钟。满分为100分。试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。考生应将1-45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡相应题号的选项上，将46-52题的答案书写在答题卡指定位置的边框内。(二)考试内容试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。第一部分 英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等。共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。在一篇240280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。第二部分 阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。A节(20小题)：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。要求考生根据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1 600词)文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。B节(5小题)：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。本部分有3种备选题型。每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。备选题型有：1)本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500-600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6-7段文字。要求考生根据文章内容从这6-7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。2)在一篇长度约500-600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落(7-8个)重新排序，其中有2-3个段落在文章中的位置已经给出。3)在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6-7段文字或6-7个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。要求考生根据文章内容，从这6-7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。C节(5小题)*：主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个画线部分(约150词)译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。*硕士研究生入学考试将英译汉试题作为阅读理解的一部分，其目的是测试考生根据上下文准确理解概念或复杂结构并用汉语正确予以表达的能力。第三部分 写作该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共30分。A节：考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。共10分。B节：考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。共20分。(三) 试卷结构部分节为考生提供的信息指导语语言测试要点题型题目数量计分I英语知识运用（10分）1篇文章（240-280词）英语词汇、语法和结构完形填空 多项选择题（四选一）2010II阅读理解（60分）A4篇文章（共约1 600词）英语理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等多项选择题（四选一）2040B1篇文章（500-600词）英语对连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解选择搭配题510C1篇文章（约400词）5处画线部分（约150词）英语理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料英译汉510III写作（30分）A规定情景或汉语文章英语书面表达 归纳、概括、表述应用文（约100词）110B主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等英语书面表达短文写作（160200词）120总计502100IV. 题型示例、参考答案及评分参考 在新出炉的2015年考研英语大纲中，在英语一和英语二的考纲中就单词部分均进行了局部微调，主要是在往年大纲的基础上删除了42个单词，新增了59个单词。减少新增 词义1abundance1accustomed(accustom)使习惯于2accidental2alienate使疏远，使不友好；转移（资产等）3agreement3allegiance忠诚，效忠；拥戴；臣服4attendance4ape无尾猿，类人猿5bearing5archeology考古学；古代文物（总称）6beforehand6bail保释；帮助摆脱困境7blackmail7blog博客，网络日志8breadth8botany植物学，植物生态9building9buzzn. 滋滋声；噪音；流言 vi. 发出滋滋声 vt.使发出滋滋声10capitalism10censorship审查，检查，审查制度11certainly11comet彗星12coincidence12contagious接触性传染的；有感染力的13comfortable13converge汇合到一点；聚集；使聚集于14compensation14culprit嫌犯，被告；产生不良后果的原因15complication15daunt威吓；使胆怯16concerning16debut首次登台；首次上市17construction17default违约，未履行；缺席18container18defendantn. 被告；adj. 做辩护的，处于被告位置的19contradiction19defer遵命于，服从于；将委托于20conventional20deplore哀叹，对遗憾；哀悼；强烈反对21corresponding21diabetes糖尿病，多尿症22customary22dinosaur恐龙；庞然大物23daytime23dioxide二氧化物24directly24embryon. 胚胎；adj. 胚胎的，萌芽的；不成熟的25discharge25endorse背书，签字支付；签署；赞同，支持26disregard26ethic伦理标准，道德规范，道德体系27elderly27fiscal财政的，国库的；财务的，金钱的28establishment28franchise公民权，选举权；特许权力；特别经营权29experimental29freelancev. 当自由职业者；作为自由职业者提供；adj.自由职业的，独立的30heading30genre种，类；体裁，样式31housing31glacier冰川，冰河32improvement32guild团体，协会；行会，同业公会33jeans33heraldn. 使节；报信者；v. 宣布，预示来临；欢迎，为欢呼34learned34hormone激素，荷尔蒙35learning35hygiene卫生，卫生学，保健学36monthly36inaugurate使正式任职，为举行就职仪式；开始，开展37noticeable37ivoryn. 象牙；牙质；乳白色；adj. 象牙的；牙质的；乳白色的38perfection38lyricn. 抒情诗，抒情作品；adj. 抒情的，奔放的；适于歌唱的39quarterly39marathonn. 马拉松赛跑；耐力比赛；adj. 马拉松式的，漫长的40replacement40memorandum备忘录；外交备忘录41shortly41neutron中子42steamer42nostalgic怀乡的；怀旧的43transition43obesity过度肥胖；肥胖症44wretched44overhaulv. 大修，拆修；彻底革新；赶上，超过；n. 大修，拆修；彻底革新45writing45plaintiff原告46portfolio公务包，卷宗夹；部长或大臣职位；投资组合47recession后退；凹处；衰退（期）48redeem赎回；偿还；弥补；履行49rehearse(rehearsal)排练，演习；参加排练或演习；反复训练；详述，历数50salient显著的，突出的；凸起的；涌出的51scenario梗概，脚本；方案；事态52snobbish势利的；自命不凡的53stagnant不流动的，呆滞的；不发展的；不活跃的54statistics(statistical)统计，统计资料；统计学55taboon. 禁忌；忌讳；禁忌的事物；adj.禁忌的；忌讳的；v.把列为禁忌；禁止56toiln. 辛苦；劳作；苦工，苦活； v. 苦干，辛勤劳动57transitn. 运输；通过；公交系统；v. 运送；通过，经过58turmoil骚动，混乱59vaccinen. 牛痘苗；疫苗；adj. 牛痘苗的；疫苗的Passage One If you havent heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, youve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving and/or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those fatalities, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.Why is the phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the road has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major confrontation. If you are susceptible to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another drivers rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.1. The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that_.A. Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months B. people not interested in the media know little about recent happeningsC. one may be raged by media reports and wants to avoid themD. the media coined the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago2. According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, last year .A. more people were killed by aggressive driving than by drunk driving B. drunk driving remained the No.1 killer on the highwaysC. two thirds of drivers were killed by aggressive driving D. 41,907 people fell victim to aggressive driving 3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of aggressive driving?A. Increasing number of cars. B. Drivers stress and anxiety.C. Rush hour traffic. D. Overcrowded roads.4. Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?A. Talking while driving.B. Driving fast.C. Sounding the horn when passing.D. Yelling at another driver.5. The last paragraph is intended to _.A. inform people how aggressive drivers could beB. tell people how to cope with Road RageC. tell people how to control themselves when angryD. warn people against eye contact with another driverPassage Two (1) The other problem that arises from the employment of women is that of the working wife. It has two aspects: that of the wife who is more of a success than her husband and that of the wife who must rely heavily on her husband for help with domestic tasks. There are various ways in which the impact of the first difficulty can be reduced. Provided that husband and wife are not in the same or directly comparable lines of work, the harsh fact of her greater success can be obscured by a genial conspiracy to reject a purely monetary measure of achievement as intolerably crude. Where there are ranks, it is best if the couple work in different fields so that the husband can find some special reason for the superiority of the lowest figure in his to the most elevated in his wifes.(2) A problem that affects a much larger number of working wives is the need to re-allocate domestic tasks if there are children. In The Road to Wigan Pier George Orwell wrote of the unemployed of the Lancashire coalfields: Practically never . in a working-class home, will you see the man doing a stroke of the housework. Unemployment has not changed this convention, which on the face of it seems a little unfair. The man is idle from morning to night but the woman is as busy as ever - more so, indeed, because she has to manage with less money. Yet so far as my experience goes the women do not protest. They feel that a man would lose his manhood if, merely because he was out of work, he developed in a Mary Ann.(3) It is over the care of young children that this re-allocation of duties becomes really significant. For this, unlike the cooking of fish fingers or the making of beds, is an inescapably time-consuming occupation, and time is what the fully employed wife has no more to spare of than her husband.(4) The male initiative in courtship is a pretty indiscriminate affair, something that is tried on with any remotely plausible woman who comes within range and, of course, with all degrees of tentativeness. What decides the issue of whether a genuine courtship is going to get under way is the womans response. If she shows interest the engines of persuasion are set in movement. The truth is that in courtship society gives women the real power while pretending to give it to men.(5) What does seem clear is that the more men and women are together, at work and away from it, the more the comprehensive amorousness of men towards women will have to go, despite all its past evolutionary services. For it is this that makes inferiority at work abrasive and, more indirectly, makes domestic work seem unmanly, if there is to be an equalizing redistribution of economic and domestic tasks between men and women there must be a compensating redistribution of the erotic initiative. If women will no longer let us beat them they must allow us to join them as the blushing recipients of flowers and chocolates.1. Paragraph One advises the working wife who is more successful than her husband toA. work in the same sort of job as her husband.B. play down her success, making it sound unimportant.C. stress how much the family gains from her high salary.D. introduce more labour-saving machinery into the home.2. Orwells picture of relations between man and wife in Wigan Pier (Paragraph Two) describes a relationship which the author of the passageA. thinks is the natural one.B. wishes to see preserved.C. believes is fair.D. is sure must change.3. Which of the following words is used literally, NOT metaphorically?A. Abrasive (Paragraph Five).B. Engines (Paragraph Four).C. Convention (Paragraph Two).D. Heavily (Paragraph One).4. The last paragraph stresses that if women are to hold important jobs, then they mustA. sometimes make the first advances in love.B. allow men to flirt with many women.C. stop accepting presents of flowers and chocolates.D. avoid making their husbands look like Mary Anns.5. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the present form of courtship?A. Men are equally serious about courtship.B. Each man makes passes at many women.C. The womans reaction decides the fate of courtship.D. T