英语泛读教程4教案.doc

Unit 1 Genius and the CraftsmanI. ObjectiveTo know the process of conceiving a story and developing it into a perfect work of art.II. Time ArrangementAbout two periods of class will be used for the analysis and discussion of the passage itself. III. Procedures: 1. Greeting;2. Begin the new lesson:1) Answer the pre-reading questions orally;2) Learn some related information;3) Allow students 3 minutes to go over the text rapidly for the main idea;4) Do the guesswork of vocabulary;5) Study the Text extensively;3. Ex. about the text; 4. Fast reading passages and Ex.;5. Homework.IV. Related InformationMany people admire writers for their exquisite stories, but few of them know with what painstaking efforts writers work to bring a story into the word. The following passage discusses the process of writing a story in terms of genius and craftsman.Preview Questions(1) What do you think the meaning of “genius” is?(2) What does a person do to be a genius?(3) Where does genius come from?(4) What do you think the meaning of “craftsman” is?(5) What does a person do to be a craftsman?(6) What relation do you think it is between “genius” and “craftsman”?V. Emphasized PointsKey Words(1) genius(2) craftsman and craftsmanship(3) the creative function(4) conception in the dark of the mind(5) the lucid impression (6) a process of intelligent selection(7) to trust and write(8) rewritingVI. Text Comprehension1. Structure AnalysisDivisionParagraphMain IdeaPart IThe first three paragraphsAn introduction to the topic. Part IIThe rest of passage(1) The necessity of understanding the creative function; (2) the process of conceiving a story; (3) the process of developing a story into a perfect work of art. 2. Comprehension Questions(1) Why does the writer think it necessary to the creative function? - The writer believes that understanding of the creative function increases our wisdom in dealing with the emerging story by making us aware of two things: genius and craftsman or craftsmanship.(2) How is a story conceived?- A story is conceived when some experience of the present provokes the combination of ones early impressions. (3) What is the principle of a storys life? - Like any seed, the seed of a story has its own principle of growth: a) a process of intelligent selection, b) rarely presents itself as a whole.(4) What are the three functions of the craftsman? - Trust, write, and generating skill. Topic for Discussionu Is it possible for a writer to start writing on impulse and then catch some good ideas flashing into his mind during the process of writing? Cite examples to illustrate your point. u Do you think it is true a good story is not written but rewritten? Why or why not? 3. Teaching Points for Reference(1). So it is with the reader who comes upon an outstanding story: spellbound, he takes it to his heart, no question asked.(当读者读到一部杰出的小说时，他也会这样如痴如狂，欲将小说字字句句刻骨铭心，绝不会提出任何问题。)so it is with: the same is true withe.g. San Fransisco is a big city, so it is with Shanghai.(2). there is more to a storys life than the body of words which carries it into the world.(除那将小说带到世上的文字主体之外还有更多的因素才能构成小说的生命。)the body of words: the words that a story is composed of(3). it does not begin with writing, but with conception in the dark of the mind.(小说并不始于写作，而始于在隐密的内心深处的构思。)The secret construction of a story in the innermost part of ones mind, rather than the writing of it, is the very beginning of the whole creating process of a story. The pronoun it refers to a storys life.in the dark: in secrecy. e.g. The transaction is made in the dark.(4) genius is not the exclusive property of the master craftsman(天赋并非艺术家独有的特性）property: a characteristic trait or peculiarity. e.g. Cheerfulness is a property of her personality.(5) Mastery is genius afoot.(高超的技艺是天赋的显现。）afoot: in operation.e.g. There is a project afoot to improve the roads.(6) While genius is a natural part of our mental equipment, like perception, memory, and imagination, craftsmanship is not.（天赋正如理解力、记忆力和想象力一样是我们的精神禀赋中天然的一部分，而技艺却不是。）equipment: the qualities or traits that make up the mental and emotional resources of an individuale.g. You have the necessary equipment for leadership.(7) If the stories that rise within us are to emerge and flourish, each must be provided with a strong, handsome body of words, and only sound craftsmanship can provide this.(如果要使在我们内心深处浮现的故事跃然纸上，并光彩照人，那么，每个故事都须有感染力极强的优雅文笔。只有功底深厚的技艺才能使我们做到这一点。)sound craftsmanship： highly trained skills.e.g. The work of art is a full representation of its creators genius and sound craftsmanship.(8) it may depend on the individual, as so much does in writing.(这可能取决于个人，而写作中很多事都取决于个人。）The age one begins writing may depend on the individual, and much in writing depends on the individual. The pronoun it refers to the age at which people are said to begin writing.(9) airy tracery of beauty given form（这种飘渺的美就交织成了典雅的形式）airy: ethereal.e.g. airy phantoms of the mindtracery: ornamental work of interlaced and branching lines, especially the lacy openwork in a Gothic window.(10) Thus variously laden, we move through life.(我们就这样背负着各种记忆渡过一生。)laden: oppressed, burdenede.g. laden with grief(11) now and then an experience, often slight, prizes the memory and seizes upon one of those live, expectant impressions of long age(时而,一个小小的体验撬开了记忆之门，抓住了这些虽已年代久远，却依然栩栩如生，呼之欲出的印象。)prize: opene.g. Only with a long iron bar did we prize the top off the box.(12) letting it cool in between times(在将其搁置一旁冷一段时间)doing nothing about the story during the interval between two rewriting times in order to cultivate some new ideas about the story or wait for some ideas to rise.(13) No matter how far short of the mark you fall, it is never failure(不论你的工作成果如何不如人意, . 这绝不是失败。) fall short of: fail to reach an aime.g. I scheduled to work hard for two years to earn an MA degree, but my plan fell short of the mark.(14) Things which slip past the eye in rereading leap at you and demand attention.(在反复阅读的过程中掠过眼前的事物向你跳跃着以求引起注意。)slip: to pass gradually, easily, or imperceptiblye.g. It is necessary to write, if the days are not to slip emptily by.(15) Such expert knowledge of this one story gives you control(对这部小说的彻底理解给你以控制力.)expert: having or demonstrating great skill, dexterity, or knowledge as the result of experience or training e.g. He had received expert academic advice.VII. Ex. about the textVIII. Fast reading passages and ExIX. HomeworkX. Homework(1) Preview Unit 2 (2) Home reading: Reading: Basic PrinciplesEvaluationStudents are ok in understanding the text and they most of them can do the Ex. correctly This is a good chance to let students know how to write well. Practice rewriting their book report Some new words in the fast reading passage cause difficulty in students doing the Ex. Unit 2 The Population SurpriseI. ObjectiveTo understand what factors account for the change in population, and how these factors influence the change in population.II. Time ArrangementAbout two periods of class will be used for the analysis and discussion of the passage itself. III. Procedures: 1. Greeting;2. Begin the new lesson:1) Answer the pre-reading questions orally;2) Learn some related information;3) Allow students 3 minutes to go over the text rapidly for the main idea;4) Do the guesswork of vocabulary;5) Study the Text extensively;3. Ex. about the text; 4. Fast reading passages and Ex.;5. Homework.IV. Related InformationMany people believe that the worlds population will keep increasing. But is it possible for it to decrease? The writer of this article thinks so. The writer has analyzed some factors that account for the change in world population.V. Preview Questions Why do you think the writer believes that population is a surprise? What kind of surprise do you think the writer believes population is?VI. Emphasized PointsKey Wordsbirth rate fertility rate death rate replacement rate or replacement level life expectancymodernity the values people hold peaks and troughsVII. Text Comprehension1. Structure AnalysisDivisionParagraphMain IdeaPart IThe first two paragraphsAn introduction to the main idea: Fifty years from now the world population will be declining, with no end in sight.Part IIThe following five paragraphsWhy the writer believes that the world population will be decliningPart IIIThe following five paragraphsFactors the writer has discussed that account for the world populationPart VIThe rest of passage The analysis of the trends in world population2. Comprehension Questions(1) Why does the writer believe that the world population will be declining?The writer believes that in the modern society the death rate doesnt determine the birth rate, and so the world population wont keep stable. Secondly, low death rate results in an increase in worldwide life expectancy, and an increase in population; low birth rate may result in a decline in population. Thirdly, the world enjoys an increase in worldwide life expectancy, and there is a decrease in fertility rate (birth rate) today. So the conclusion can be made that decline in fertility will increase the average age in the world, and will cause a decline in world population forty or fifty years from now.(2) How many factors have been mentioned in the passage?Families choices about how many children they want to raise, modernity, and the values people hold in the future. (3) What is the trend in world population? Fifty years from now the world population will be declining, with no end in sight.Topic for DiscussionAre you persuaded to follow the writers idea that the world population will be declining?What do you think of the relation between human values and population?3. Teaching Points for Reference(1) The big surprise of the past twenty years is that in not one country did fertility stop falling when it reached the replacement rate 2.1 children per woman.(过去二十年最令人吃惊的事情是，没有一个国家当其出生率降到人口置换率水平时每个妇女生育2.1个子女就停止下降了。)Note the inversion in the sentence. Fertility here refers to fertility rate.(2) World population was growing by two percent a year in the 1960s; the rate is now down to one percent a year, and if the patterns of the past century dont change radically, it will head into negative numbers.(在六十年代，世界人口每年只增长2%，现在这一比率已降到每年1%。而且要不是上个世纪19世纪生育模式发生了根本性变化的话，这将会导致人口的负增长。)Head: move inevitably toward something. e.g. The economy is heading for recession.(3) As long ago as September of 1974 Scientific American published a special issue on population that described what demographers had begun calling the demographic transition from traditional high rates of birth and death to the low ones of modern society.(早在1974年9月，美国科学杂志发行了一份人口研究专号，描述了人口学家所称的人口过渡期的情况，即从传统的高出生率和死亡率转到现代社会的低出生率和死亡率。)Demographic: pertaining to the statistical data of a population. esp.those showing average age, income, education, etc.(4) The experts assumption that population would stabilize because birth rates would stop falling once they matched the new low death rates has not been borne out by experience.(专家们推测出生率一旦同新的低死亡率达到平衡后就会停止衰减，所以人口能够保持稳定，这种推测没有得到经验的证实。)Bear something out: support or confirm something. e.g. This assumption is not borne out by any evidence.(5) In the United States fertility has been falling for 200 years (except for the blip of the Baby Boom3), but partly because of immigration it has stayed only slightly below replacement level for twenty-five years.(美国二百多年来生育率一直在下降除了二战过后出现的短暂的生育高峰期，但是在某种程度上受移民的影响，在25年里它只略低于人口置换率。)Blip: an unexpected, minor, and typically temporary deviation form a general trend. e.g. The Chancellor dismissed the rising inflation as a temporary blip.(6) World population can be stable only if fertility rates around the world average out to 2.1 children per woman.(只有世界范围内的出生率能达到平均每位妇女生育2.1个子女，世界人口才可能稳定。)Average our at/to: result in an average figure at. e.g. The cost should average out at 6 pounds per page.(7) Much bigger changes in share are possible for smaller groups if they can maintain their difference from the average for a long period of time.(对于一些较小的人口群体来说，如果他们长时间内与平均出生率保持差距，那么他们所占世界人口的份额可能会产生更大的变化。)Share: a part or portion in a large amount e.g. We gave them all the chance to have a share in the profits.(8) If they do, and fertility rates start to climb, fertility is no more likely to stop climbing at an average rate of 2.1 children per woman than it was to stop falling at 2.1 on the way down.(如果是这样，那么出生率就会攀升。而且在达到每位女性生育2.1个子女这样一个平均水平后会停止上升的可能性并不比降到2.1后会停止下降的可能性大多少。)Note the structure no more . than.VIII. Ex. about the textIX. Fast reading passages and ExX. HomeworkPreview Unit 3 EvaluationStudents are active in expressing their own opinion about population. They participate in the discussion and the debate enthusiastically. Some students do not agree with the writers predication about world population. They are greatly encouraged to have their own viewpoints. They are ok in doing the fast reading passages Unit 3 Food FightI. ObjectivesA. Understanding of the text B. Mastery of some language points: skeptical, hegemony, fallible, go mucking about with, to date, tweak, portend, make a hit, toxic, souped-up, churn out, outlaw, vengeance, move, lofty, mire, take the lead, wade in, at ones peril.C. Learn about Western food style D. Knowing the dangers of GM food II. Key/difficult pointsA. Better understanding of the text B. Knowing the different food style between Chinese and Westerners C. Students do not know enough about the GM food D. Some words and phrases are new to them III. Time ArrangementAbout two periods of class will be used for the analysis and one period for discussion of the passage itself. IV. Procedures: 1. Greeting;2. Begin the new lesson:(1) Answer the pre-reading questions orally;(2) Learn some related information;(3) Allow students 3 minutes to go over the text rapidly for the main idea;(4) Do the guesswork of vocabulary;(5) Study the Text extensively;3. Ex. about the text; 4. Fast reading passages and Ex.;5. Homework.V. Related InformationAbout the AuthorJeffrey Kluger is a senior writer at Time magazine, covering science in general and the space program in particular. He is the coauthor, along with astronaut Jim Lovell, of Lost Moon, the book that served as the basis of the 1995 movie, Apollo 13. He is the sole author of a second book-The Apollo Adventure-that accompanied the release of the movie, and he is currently writing a new book for Simon & Schuster about the unmanned space program and the exploration of the solar system. His features and columns have appeared in dozens of publications, including The New York Times Magazine, Gentlemens Quarterly, The Wall Street Journal, Cosmopolitan. He is an adjunct instructor in the graduate journalism program at New York University. About MonsantoMonsanto was first established in 1901 and developed into a giant business enterprise over the past 100 years.Forty-three company scientists join the ranks of Monsanto Fellows, expanding the scientific recognition program to include scientists from Monsantos Biotechnology, Breeding, Genomics, Molecular Breeding and Regulatory organizations. The total number of Science Fellows is now 70. VI. Text Comprehension1. Discussion(1) What is “genetically modified food”? Are you in favor of consuming GM food? Why?Genetically modified food is made from crops and vegetables genetically changed by scientists. GM food has aroused great dissentions among governments, scientists, farmers, and consumers. On one hand are the high quality crops due to the gene technique, on the other hand are the potential risks.（While giving your ideas, consider the interests of different peoples.）(2) Whats your comment on the last sentence of the article: “its consumers who will have the final word”?From the text we can see that the food fight between the U.S. and the E. U. comes as much from the concern for their own interests as from safety considerations. While the E. U. banned the non-proved GM food from the U.S., France is still churning out GM crops. Anyway, it shows that people are more alert to the potential dangers of the GM food. （Your comments can be positive or negative. Consider that while the consumers attitudes determine the popularity of the GM food, the government, scientific research, media propaganda and other factors can influence the consumers decisions.）Teaching Points for Reference(1) Over the past decade, genetically modified (GM) food has become an increasingly common phenomenon as scientists have rewoven the genes of countless fruits and vegetables, turning everyday crops into ber-crops able to resist frost, withstand herbicides and even produce their own pesticides.在刚刚过去的十年中，随着科学家们对许多蔬菜和水果中基因的改变，这些人们每天食用的作物已经变成超级作物，这些作物能够防霜冻，抵抗除草剂，甚至它们本身就能杀虫，因此转基因食物已迅速成为普遍现象。Withstand: remain undamaged or unaffected by. e.g. The structure had been designed to withstand winds of more than 100 mph.(2) Sales of GM seeds rose in value from $75 million in 1995 to $1.5 billion last year, and the crops they produce are turning up not only on produce shelves but also in processed foods from cookies to potato chips to baby food.基因作物种子售出的总值从1995年的七百五十万增加到去年的十亿五千万，并且他们生产的作物不仅出现在直接生产的产品中而且出现在加工食品中，从饼干到薯条到婴儿食品。The word produce appear twice in the sentence, the first is a verb, the second is a noun, meaning things that have been produced or grown, especially by farming.e.g. dairy produce.(3) But many people question whether its a good idea for falli