动词常见的八种时态初三英语语法及练习.doc

中小学1对1课外辅导专家精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号 09sh1yy000464 学员编号：yxy391 年 级：初三 课时数：3学员姓名：纪梦溪 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：周微 学科组长签名及日期叶婷婷教务长签名及日期课 题第一次课 英语动词常见的八种时态（一）授课时间：2009年3月15日 18：3020：30备课时间：2009年3月4日 教学目标动词时态专题训练（从时态的概念、结构和用法三个方面着手）重点、难点一般过去时和过去进行时、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别；瞬间性动词和延续性动词之间的转换。考点及考试要求对于时态的考查是中考的测试重点。时态的考查主要以一般现在时、现在完成时、现在过去进行时为主。要会区分八种时态的用法，掌握它们的构成及动词词形的变化。要学会用上下文或时间状语判断使用何种时态。教学内容第一步： 课前热身通过跟学生的交流，初步了解该生的学习特点和性格特点，并向该生介绍上海中考英语试卷的题型及其特点，为以后进行有效的英语教学打下基础。第二步：教学英语动词常见的八种时态一、一般现在时（1）一般现在时的用法）表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与often, always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等表示频度的副词或时间状语连用。如：I often go to school by bike.）表示客观事实或普遍真理，如：The earth goes around the sun.（2）一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数则在动词原形后加-s或-es。将下列动词转换成第三人称单数形式：swim teach fly pass() 在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在时表示将来，即“主将从现”，如：If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the park.如果明天下雨，我们就不去公园了。二、一般过去时（）一般过去时的构成：一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。（）一般过去时的用法）表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。I got up at six in the morning.）表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river.当我在乡下时，我常常在河里游泳。（）与一般过去时连用的时间状语last night, at that time, just now, in 1990, the other day, some years ago等。注意：有一些容易变化错误的单词，如：prefer-preferred fix-fixed熟记英语不规则动词的过去式。三、一般将来时（）表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，其构成是will+动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next Sunday, in+一段时间，in 2010等。They will leave for Shanghai next week.Will you be back in two days?当主语是I或We时，问句中一般使用shall，表示征求对方的意见。如：Where shall we meet tomorrow?（）“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事，如：-What are you going to do next Sunday? 下周日你打算干什么？-Im going to listen to music. 我计划听音乐。Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm.看那些乌云，暴风雨就要来临了。（客观迹象）注意：下面几种情况下只可用shall(will)表示将来，而不可用结构。）表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。如：Will you please lend me your bike?请你把自行车借给我用一下好吗？）表示意愿时。如：We will help him if he asks us.如果他请我们，我们愿意帮助他。）表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断有关。The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning.明天早上太阳将在：升起。（）be doing表示将来，常用这种结构的动词有go, come, leave, stay, start, begin等表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。We are leaving for London.我们就要动身去伦敦了。She is going there tomorrow.（）“be about to+动词原形”和“be to+动词原形”结构表示即将发生的动作。was about to leave when the phone rang.（）用一般现在时表示将来的情况）表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作。We are going to Beijing. Our plane takes off at 8:10.）当主句为一般将来时态时，在if, as soon as, until, when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。If it doesnt rain this afternoon, well have a football match.如果今天下午不下雨，我们将进行一场足球比赛。四、现在进行时（）现在进行时的构成： be + doing（）现在进行时的用法）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。-What are you doing? -I am reading English.）表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。They are studying hard this term.他们这学期学习一直很努力。）go, leave, arrive, start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。）当时间状语为now, these days等时或当句子中含有look, listen之类的暗示词时，要使用现在进行时。但应注意下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中。表示感觉的动词，如see, hear等；表示喜欢或厌恶的动词，如like, love等。表示希望的动词，如would, would like等；表示状态的动词，如be等。表示归属的动词，如have等；表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词，如know, think,forget等。五、现在完成时（）表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了。（过去某时丢的，现在还没有找到）注意：already, yet常和现在完成时连用，用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末。用在疑问句中意为“已经”。yet用在否定句中表示“还”。常放在句末。（）表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和since+时间点，for+时间段连用，表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。We have lived here since 2000.自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里。（说明一直住在这里，也许还会住下去）（）几个副词在现在完成时中的用法。）just意为“刚刚”，表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。He has just come back from Beijing.）ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。Have you ever been to Shanghai?）never意为“从来没有”，常与before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。I have never traveled by plane before.）before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。I havent heard of it before.（）延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法）现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词需是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。我离开这所学校已八年了。错误：Ive left this school for eight years.正确：Ive been away from this school for eight years.不过，在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。I havent gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。）非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下述三种方法：将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词buy-have borrow-keep open-be open begin/start-be on finish-be over die-be dead catch a cold-have a cold put on-wear get up-be up fall asleep-be asleep join-be (in) leave-be away from arrive/reach-be将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。用句型“it is+一段时间+since从句（从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式”表示。It is two years since the old man died.六、过去进行时（）表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday等连用，或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。-What were you doing at nine last night? 昨天晚上九点你正在干什么？-I was watching TV at that time.那时我正在看电视。He was reading when I came in.当我进来时，他正在读书。（）过去进行时常和always等时间副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。She was always changing her mind.她总是在改变主意。（）注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中进行时的运用。）主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，主句用过去进行时（从句常用一般过去时）从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过去进行时（主句常用一般过去时）若主、从句动作开始的时间不存在先后关系（即同时发生）或无所谓先后时，主从句可同时使用过去进行时，此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。七、过去完成时过去完成时指的是到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或状态。概括地说即是表示“过去的过去”。过去完成时的动词形式为：had+动词的过去分词。过去完成时在句中使用时一般必须有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的动作与其相比较，使用过去完成时的动词动作发生在该过去的动作之前。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：by last week, by the end of this year等。She had left by the time I arrived.我到达以前，她已经离开了。He had lived in Shanghai for ten years before he came here.在他来这之前，他已在上海住了十年了。八、过去将来时（）表示从过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常用在宾语从句中，由“would+动词原形”构成。He said he would buy some fruit for his sister.他说他要给他妹妹买些水果。（）表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作，用were/was going to+动词原形。I thought it was going to rain soon.我想马上就要下雨了。They were going to start a new job when I saw them.当我见到他们时，他们正打算开始新的工作。（）go, leave, come, arrive, start等动词，其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。总结：1. 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别？2. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别？3. 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别？4.一般过去时和过去完成时的区别？5. 怎样正确判断时态？课堂练习：一、选择题。1. -Something must be done to stop the farmers cutting down the forests.-I agree with you. If we , a lot more good land will be gone with them.A. wont B. arent C. dont D. mustnt2. -_ you _ to the capital? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did, go, didnt, was going 3. I wont return the book to the library because I reading it.A. wasnt finish B. dont finishC. wont finish D. havent finished4. - you the magazine from the school library yet? -Yes, I it for two weeks.A. Have; borrowed; have kept B. Have; borrowed; have borrowed C. Did; borrow; borrowed D. Did; borrow; have kept5. It was the third time that she the History Museum.A. had visited B. has visited C. will visit D. visited6. -Where were you in July last year? -This time last year my family and I Beijing.A. was visiting B. visited C. had visited D. were visiting7. -Dont forget to ask him to write to me.-I wont. As soon as he , Ill ask him to write to you.A. will come B. come C. comes D. is coming8. They are to in this way.A. be married B. married C. will get married D. be marrying9. -Hi, Jim! Nice to see you! -Hi, it is one year since I last you.A. saw B. see C. seeing D. have seen10. Never trouble me while I in my room.A. will sleep B. asleep C. am sleeping D. slept 11. -What does Linda often do in the evening?-She often her homework, but on the evening of April 12 she TV.A. does; watches B. is doing; watches C. does; watched D. is doing; was watching12. He this dictionary for 5 years. He it in 1997.A. has bought; bought B. bought; bought C. has kept; has bought D. has had; bought13. Mr. Smith dinner when I rang him.A. are having B. had C. was having D. were having14. My sister a doctor since 2003.A. was B. has been C. had been D. will be15. By the end of last term, we about twenty English songs.A. had learned B. would learn C. have learned D. learned16. Would you turn down the radio a bit? We a plan for the coming term.A. have made B. made C. make D. are making17. Nobody knew whether he play tennis with me.A. would B. is going to C. will D. can 18. I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. Oh. I am sorry. I dinner at my friends home.A. have B. had C. was having D. have had19. He asked me what I during the winter holidays.A. had done B. will do C. did D. have done20. Cheer up! With the help of your classmates, you with them soon.A. would catch with B. caught up with C. catch up with D. will catch up with21. He this dictionary for 5 years. He it in 1997.A. has bought; bought B. bought; bought C. has kept; has bought D. has had; bought22. Last month Liu Peng often chess with Wang Dong.A. play B. playing C. played D. is playing23. Mick said he England for one years study.A. was going to B. were going to C. is going to D. was to24. When Luke and Mary TV last night, Lucy came here.A. watched B. watching C. was watching D. were watching 25. Bill can well. He drawing for six years.A. draw; learnt B. draws; learnt C. draw; has learnt D. draws; has learnt 26. She the room before she had lunch.A. clean B. have cleaned C. cleaned D. had cleaned27. Whenever Miller had time, he English by himself.A. would learn B. will learn C. learns D. is learning 28. He his homework by the time his mother back.A. finishes; come B. hadnt finished; came C. finished; come D. hasnt finished; came29. You always your electronic pet when I speak.A. are; playing B. are; played C. are; play D. /; plays30. He told me that he to see me next week.A. comes B. will come C. came D. would come31. The world . Things never stay the same.A. changes B. is changing C. was changing D. will change32. The flower I _grown up. A. planted has B. planted have C. has planted D. have planted 33. - Peter his Chinese textbook yet? -No. He is it now.A. Has; found; finding B. Has; found; looking for C. Has; looked for; finding D. Has; looked for; looking for34. Mr. Brown France. He Paris for about three weeks. A. has been to; has been to B. has been to; has been in C. has gone to; has been to D. has gone to; has been in35. How long in Beijing?A. was he B. will he stayed C. have he stayed D. did he stay36. Its already 9:30 p. m., but my father is still on his new books.A. continuing work B. continuing working C. continue working D. continue to works37. Tim asked her if she the piano at four yesterday afternoon.A. is playing B. was playing C. played D. plays 38. How long can I this magazine?A. borrow B. return C. buy D. keep39. Toms uncle _ his beg when he _ in a football match against another factory.A. broke; played B. was breaking; was playing C. broke; was playing D. was breaking; played40. By the time the police arrived, the robbers _, leaving two knives on the ground.A. have fled B. fled C. had fled D. were fleeing41. Bruce _ how to use a computer. He_ a computer of his own. He _ it two days ago A. learns, will get, bought B. is learning, has got, bought C. learned, has got, bought D. is learning, got, has bought 42. Nobody knew whether he play tennis with me.A. would B. is going to C. will D. can 43. Bob _ to a medical school in 1990 and he _ a doctor seven years later.A. sent; become B. was sent; became C. sent; was becoming D. was sent; has become44. At that moment the machine _ at full speed.A. ran B. was running C. had been running D. had run45. When _ you _ your homework? -I had finished it before he _ back. A. have; finished; came B. have; finished; was comingC. did; finish; came D. did; finish; was coming 46. We could see nothing because the lights suddenly_.A. went onB. went overC. went downD. went out47. When _ this kind of computer _? Last year.A. did; useB. was; usedC. is; usedD. are; used48. The shoes on the shelf are very beautiful. May I _?A. try them on B. try on them C. put away them D. look them up 49. My father _ to Beijing last year. He _ there several times before.A. has gone, has been B. went, has gone C. went, has been D. went, went50. -When your mother you that blue dress, Mary? -Sorry, I really cant remember.A. does; buy B. has; bought C. had; bought D. did; buy51. -Were you at home at 9:00 last night? -Yes, I a shower at that time.A. took B. was taking C. was taken D. am taking 52. Premier Zhou for many years, but he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people.A. died B. had died C. has been died D. has been dead53. I want to know if there an English speech contest next month. If our school it, I must get ready for it.A. will be; holds B. will be; hold C. will have; hold54. Frank a film if hes free next Saturday.A. see B. saw C. has seen D. will see55. Is this your coat, Sir? No. Mine over there near the window.A. hangs B. is hanging C. hung D. has hung56. Who will go to the airport to meet Jenny? I will. I her several times. I can find her easily.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet57. Shall we go shopping now? Sorry, I cant. I my shirts.A. wash B. washed C. washed D. am washing 58. Do you still remember me somewhere in Shanghai? Yes, of course. Two years ago.A. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw59. Have you ever been anywhere for a trip? A trip? I away from my hometown even once.A. went B. have gone C. have never been D. have been 60. He told me that he to see me next week.A. comes B. will come C. came D. would come二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. We (miss) the bus. Well have to take a taxi there.2. The baby (not/ cry). He is asleep.3. It (snow) heavily this time the day before yesterday.4. He was late for school because he (not/ catch) the early bus.5. Marry (play) the piano well. She (play) now. Can you hear her?6. He cant walk fast because he (carry) a heavy box.三、完形填空。Mr. and Mrs. Harris had always spent their summer holidays in a small hotel at the seaside near their hometown. One year, however, Mr. Harris made a lot of 1 in his business, 2 they decided to go to a foreign country and stay at a really good 3 .They flew to Rome and 4 at a 5-star hotel in the evening. They thought that they would have to go to bed hungry, because in that 5 hotel they had been used to stay in the past, no meals were served 6 seven in the evening. They were 7 to be told that the hotel served dinner until ten.“Then what are the times 8 meals?” asked Mrs. Harris.“Well, madam, we serve breakfast from seven to eleven, lunch from twelve to three, 9 from four to five, and dinner from six to ten.”“But that hardly 10 any time for us to see the city!” said Mrs. Harris.1. A. mistakes B. time C. friends D. money2. A. but B. so C. though D. yet3. A. hotel B. place C. city D. restaurant4. A. stayed B. got C. arrived D. reached5. A. small B. big C. foreign D. good6. A. on B. after C. during D. until7. A. tired B. interested C. surprised D. worried8. A. with B. on C. at D. of 9. A. drink B. tea C. beer D. food10. A. takes B. does C. has D. leaves课后练习：一、选择题。1. A tsunami (海啸) happened in some southern Asian countries _ December, 2004. A) at B) on C) in D) by2. When Yang Liwei came back from space, many reporters interviewed _ and got some first-hand information. A) he B) him C) his D) himself3. There is _ report in todays newspaper. Its about the International Film Festival, Shanghai. A) a B) an C) the D) /4. Tims mum is worried _ her sons eyesight as he plays online games too much. A) for B) about C) with D) of5. Ive read _ sports news about the F1 race today. A) two B) pieces C) two pieces D) two pieces of6. Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. _ _ of them have set a good example to us. A) All B) Neither C) Both D) None7. Nowadays science fiction isnt as _ as cartoons among teenagers. A) popular B) more popular C) less popular D) the most popular8. How magnificent the Bund looks at night when all the lights are _! A) turned over B) turned off C) tuned down D) turned on9. The doctors tried their best to save the patients life, _ failed. A) or B) so C) but D) because10. _ I fill in the check-in form right now, sir? No, you neednt. You can complete it this afternoon. A) May B) Can C) Would D) Must1l. Tom likes cars. He enjoys _ model cars of all kinds. A) collects B) collecting C) to collect D) collected12. Charlie cant go with us because he _ a professor around