2002年10月中科院考博试题

中国科学院中国科学院 2002 年年 10 月博士研究生入学考试试题月博士研究生入学考试试题 PART VOCABULARY 15 minutes 10 points Section A 0 5 point each Directions Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine scoring Answer Sheet 21 Communication orally involves more than reading or talking gesture posture movements may all be to it A intrinsicB coherentC appealingD submissive 22 He did not tell his parents because he knew they would try to change his mind but be in a colleague at work A involvedB joinedC engrossedD confided 23 In no should you do this without help and advice from your doctor restricting the diet of small children can be very dangerous A perspectivesB restrictionsC circumstancesD consequences 24 The idea was just beginning to in America and we knew that it was going to become the way that retailing companies were run A show upB catch onC open outD get by 25 Without Bob s testimony evidence of bribery is lacking and in the case will be impossible A verdictB sentenceC convictionD acquittal 26 Pupils often want to sit next to their particular friend and many classroom activities involve moving about but even relatively small alterations can make to the visual comfort of pupils with sight defects A a differenceB an interferenceC a modificationD an impact 27 Most of them had visited the invalid often during the past few months marveling at his spirit and his unfailing good temper A variantB gallantC pertinentD solitary 28 Individuals may at various points in their lives experience discrimination in the allocation of resources either of being to old or too young A at the riskB to the pointC in the caseD on the ground 29 When a system is unjust to the abolition not reform is what respect for justice demands A end B excessC coreD bottom 30 The custom is in the belief that a new pregnancy through its detrimental effect on breastfeeding would endanger the mother s health A celebrated B observedC viewedD presented 31 But in our enthusiasm to discover our heritage we are ruining the very scenery we go to enjoy damaging natural habitats down footpaths disturbing wildlife polluting the air and dropping litter A wearing B treadingC fallingD cutting 32 Any person who is in while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty A jeopardyB custodyC suspicionD probation 33 Now don t tell anyone else what I ve just told you Remember it s A controversial B secretiveC confidentialD sacred 34 The Freedom of Information Act gives private citizen government files A release from B excess ofC redress ofD access to 35 The oil price rise reactivated the boom in commodity prices and inflation which reached an annual rate of 15 per cent in the spring of 1974 A boostedB harnessed C staggered D embarked 36 Did he really expect her to smile now and with his plans treat all this deception as no more than an unusual diversion A fall inB put offC agree toD stand up 37 The Commission found instances where police officers had lied under oath evidence neglected black prisoners and wrongly imprisoned Aborigines A entailedB fabricatedC cleansedD precluded 38 She the words not knowing what to say how to put into plain speech her decision to finish their love A passed ontoB stumbled overC burst outD dropped down 39 The ink has faded with time and so parts of the letter were A illegible B indelibleC illegitimateD inscrutable 40 The bishop preached a farewell sermon to a that filled the church to overflowing A procession B reunionC rallyD congregation PART CLOZE TEST 15 minutes 15 points Directions There are 15 questions in this part of the test Read the passage through Then go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A B C or D for each blank in the passage Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine scoring Answer Sheet Assuming that a constant travel time budget geographic constraints and short term infrastructure constraints persist as fundamental features of global mobility what long term results can one expect In high income regions 41 North America our picture suggests that the share of traffic 42 supplied by buses and automobiles will decline as high speed transport rises sharply In developing countries we 43 the strongest increase to be in the shares first for buses and later for automobiles Globally these 44 in bus and automobile transport are partially offsetting In all regions the share of low speed rail transport will probably continue its strongly 45 decline We expect that throughout the period 1990 2050 the 46 North American will continue to devote most of his or her 1 1 hour travel time 47 to automobile travel The very large demand 48 air travel or high speed rail travel that will be manifest in 2050 49 to only 12 minutes per person a day a little time goes a long way in the air In several developing regions most travel 50 in 2050 will still be devoted to nonmotorized modes Buses will persist 51 the primary form of motorized transportation in developing countries for decades 52 important air travel becomes buses automobiles and 53 low speed trains will surely go on serving vital functions 54 of the super rich already commute and shop in aircraft but average people will continue to spend most of their travel time on the 55 41 A franklyB exceptionallyC unfortunatelyD notably 42 A volumeB bodyC measureD funds 43 A admireB assureC assertD anticipate 44 A outcomesB trendsC declinesD impacts 45 A inherentB evidentC large scaleD hidden 46 A generalB commonC localD average 47 A profitB costC budgetD facility 48 A inB ofC atD for 49 A works outB leaves outC runs outD puts out 50 A timeB desireC agencyD means 51 A toB asC withD over 52 A Despite the factB Whatever it is C No matter howD whether or not 53 A plusB includingC evenD as well as 54 A FewB AllC NoneD Some 55 A mountainB groundC skyD land PART READING COMPREHENSION 60 minutes 30 points Directions Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A B C and D Read each passage carefully and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement Mark the letter of choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine scoring Answer Sheet Passage 1 Can animals have a sense of humor Sally Blanchard publisher of a newsletter called the Pet Bird Report thinks a pet parrot may have pulled her leg That s one explanation for the time her African gray parrot named Bongo Marie seemed to feign distress at the possible death of an Amazon parrot named Paco It happened one day when Blanchard was making Cornish game hen for dinner As Blanchard lifted her knife the African gray threw back its head and said Oh no Paco Trying not to laugh Blanchard said That s not Paco and showed Bongo Marie that the Amazon was alive and well Mimicking a disappointed tone Bongo Marie said Oh no and launched into a hoarse laugh Was the parrot joking when it seemed to believe the other bird was a goner Did Bongo Marie comprehend Blanchard s response Studies of African grays have shown that they can understand the meaning of words for example that red refers to a color not just a particular red object Parrots also enjoy getting a reaction out of humans and so whether or not Bongo Marie s crocodile tears were intentional the episode was thoroughly satisfying from the parrot s point of view 56 When Blanchard was making Cornish game hen for dinner Bongo Marie acted as if paco was A gone and couldn t eat the meal B dead and being cut for the meal C deadly ill and discarded by the hostess D away and should be back to join them 57 Why did Sally Blanchard believe Bongo Marie made a joke that day A It showed sadness and deceived her B It shed crocodile tears intentionally C It pretended to understand her words D It burst into laughter after a distressed tone 58 In the last sentence the clause the episode was point of view suggests that Bongo Marie was A quite content with its own performance B believed to have a sense of humor C trying to wing its host s favor D successful in getting a human response Passage 2 Don t call him just a college professor Internet entrepreneur TV personality adviser to presidents and friend to the rich and powerful would be more accurate Henry Louis Skip Gates Jr is better known for his activities outside the academy This week be sold Africana com a website he created with a fellow Harvard University professor to Time Warner Terms of the deal weren t revealed though the Wall street Journal pegged the price at more than 10 million with Gates reaping up to 1 million Time warmer will incorporate the site a portal with news and information about people of African descent into America Online when the two merge as expected The sense is that Gates got a very good deal The site is a rich source of scholarship but hardly a rich source of revenue As recently as the late 1980s Gates who turns 50 this week was an obscure professor penning books on literary theory only a graduate student could love Now he can t be avoided He hosted a series about Africa on public television writes occasional articles for the New Yorker and even advises the Gore presidential campaign He counts director Steven Spielberg Microsoft s Bill Gates and President Clinton as friends They re not intimate friends he insists Indeed Gates has evolved into a kind of expert on everything African American He remains the go to person on the state of African American affairs said Perry Steinberg head of American Program Bureau a lecture agency The 30 or so speeches Gates delivers each year are another source of income for the professor With fame comes controversy Several other black intellectuals have taken him to task for not being confrontational enough Gates has heard it before Me Critics Oh what a shock But he considers himself more a descendent of historian and educator W E B Du Bois than of Malcolm X His ultimate goal is to build the field of Afro American studies Fifty years from now I want there to be at least 10 great centers of Afro American studies he says If working as a consultant on Spielberg s historical film Amistad or giving Al Gore advice helps so be it 59 What can we learn about A A It may be financially mediocre to Time Warner B It is maintained by Gates for Time Warner C It becomes a sister website of America Online D It is meant for the U S general public 60 What is true about Henry Louis Skip Gates Jr A He is barely qualified to teach in Harvard B He is an American of African descent C History and education are his minors D President Gore is among his friends 61 In Paragraph 5 the phrase have taken him to task for most probably means A have blamed him for a certain fault B have made him pay for his mistake C have had him do an assignment D have trusted him with a certain job 62 From Gates s mention of W E B Du Bois and Malcolm X we can infer that A Gates is reluctant to take the latter as his ancestor B Gates regards the former as more successful than the latter C Gates remains a follower of the former instead of the latter D Gates claims to have a similar career to that of the former 63 According to Henry Louis Skip Gates Jr himself giving advice to President Gore is A out of some academic concern B for some financial purposes C in the interest of Afro Americans D of some political consequence 64 In this passage the author expresses a tone of A admirationB sarcasmC objectivityD disapproval Passage 3 Forget football At many high schools the fiercest competition is between Coke and Pepsi over exclusive pouring rights to sell on campus But last week Jeffrey Dunn president of Coca Cola Americas called a timeout Coke s machines will now also stock water juice and other healthful options even rival brands and their facades will feature school scenes and other noncommercial graphics instead of Coke s vivid red logo the pendulum needs to swing back on school based marketing said Dunn Coke s about face particularly the call to end the exclusive deals that bottlers make with school districts comes amid rising concern over kids health American children are growing ever more obese and developing weight related diseases usually found in adults While inactivity and huge helpings factor heavily a recent study in the Lancet fingered soda pop as a likely culprit Communities and legislators are already on the case Last year for instance parents in Philadelphia detailed a proposed contract with Coca Cola that would have netted the school system 43 million over 10 years And in a searing report to congress last month the U S Department of Agriculture recommended that all snacks sold in schools meet federal nutrition standards the requirements are loose enough that Snickers bars qualify Spare change Activists hope Coke s capitulation will help curb commercialism in schools altogether From ads on Channel One which broadcasts current affairs programs on classroom TVs to middle school math texts that cite Nike and other brand name products in their word problems to company sponsored scoreboards on football fields American pupils are bombarded But Andrew Hagelshaw executive director of the Oakland Calif based Center for Commercial Free Public Education views Coca Cola s policy shift as a partial victory Schools sign contracts with local bottlers the parent company can only urge them to back off Moreover Coke s machines will remain in place although with healthier options And don t expect teenagers to suddenly swear off the stuff of school districts to give up the revenue At Wheeler High School in Marietta Ga where students arrive before 7 a m and stay as late as 11 o clock at night they rely on the machines And the 50 000 in annual vending revenues have enabled Principal Joe Boland to refinish the gym floor install a new high jump pit and pay 7 000 for two buses If someone made an offer to me to take the machines out I d consider it says Boland But nobody s offering me any money 65 Forget football in Paragraph 1 suggests that football has been A the fiercest competition at high schools B thought to have ill impact on students C competing with commercials on campus D brought into disrepute by Coke and Pepsi 66 Last week Jeffrey Dunn president of Coca Cola Americas made an important decision to A defend its red logo on a still larger scale B agree to negotiate with Pepsi over new terms C modify its sales engineering at high schools D give up its exclusive pouring rights on campus 67 Coca Cola is to take new action most probably because A it will sacrifice itself for children s health B it will not get involved in some law suits C it is unable to beat so many opponents D it is reluctant to fall behind Pepsi company 68 Supporters of Coca Cola would say that its new practice will A set a moral example for other commercialism on campus B stop any commercialism in school in the near future C help the business prevail over others in school D gain a wide acclaim from all the students 69 The phrase back off in boldface in this contest probably means A to keep promise of fulfilling the contracts B to avoid making as many deals as before C to refrain from doing business with schools D to yield in claims while making a contract 70 It is hard to move the Coke machine out of school because A it always brings in money more than students tuition B it is likely to cause students to become Coke addicts C it can never be ignored as it brigs funds to school D it serves as the largest portion in school s business Passage 4 Within hours of appearing on television to announce the end of conscription President Jacques Chirac moved quickly to prevent any dissent from within the military establishment Addressing more than 500 military staff officers at the military academy in Paris yesterday Mr Chirac said clearly that he expected their loyalty in the work of rebuilding France s national defense He understood their legitimate concerns questions and emotions at the reforms but added You must understand that there is not and never has been any rigid model for French defense Military service bas been compulsory for less than a century Realism required that our armed forces should now be professional The president s decision to abolish conscription over a period of six years removes a rite of passage for young Frenchmen that has existed since the Revolution even though obligatory national service only became law in 1905 As recently as 1993 an opinion poll showed that more than 60 of French people said they feared the abolition of conscription could endanger national security A poll conducted this month however showed that 70 of those asked favored ending of practice and on the streets and in offices yesterday the response to Mr Chirac s announcement was generally positive Among people who completed their 10 month period of national service in the last few years or were contemplating the prospect there was almost universal approval tempered by a sense that something hard to define mixing with people from other backgrounds a formative experience a process that encouraged national or social cohesion might be lost Patrick who spent his year in the French city pf Valance assigning and collecting uniforms and is now a computer manager said he was in tears for his first week and hated most of his time He thought it was useless as a form of military training I only fired a rifle twice but in retrospect useful for learning how to get on with people and instilling patriotism As many as 25 of those liable for military service in France somehow avoid it the percentage is probably much greater in the more educated and higher social classes According to Geoffroy a 26 year old reporter who spent his time in the navy with the information office in central Paris the injust