超越概念3Unit 7教师用书.doc

Unit 7Humor Keys to Exercises Section Listening StrategiesPart Consolidation Answer keys for this part are open .Section Listening ComprehensionPart DialoguesDialogue 1Main Idea1. This program is called Talk About It. Todays topic is humor .2. The guest speaker is Dr. James Sanders ,a sociologist who studies humor .Hes just written a new book , American Humor ,about jokes in the United States.3.l Humor tells us a lot about society and how we think .l Humor can help people deal with problems and it can also help people bond to each other .l We love this type of joke a pun because we love to play with words .l Usually the jokes make fun of a particular group of people or a profession in some way .l People often make jokes about their own group as a way of showing group solidarity ,or just to make fun of themselves .But the same jokes are offensive when they are told by someone outside the group .Details and Inferences.1. They help us deal with our feeling about these issues .2. The host means “What makes us laugh ?”3. The lawyers joke goes like this :A man goes to see a famous lawyer . The man asks , “How much do you charge?” The lawyer answers, “I charge $200 to answer three questions .” The man says , “The man says, “Isnt that expensive ?”“Yes, it is,” replies the lawyer. “Now, whats your third question ?”The joke is funny because normally lawyer wont charge to answer this type of question .The joke tells us what its very expensive to hire a lawyer .1.F 2.F 3.T 4. TDialogue 2Main Idea Two friends are talking about comedies and comics they like the most .They also mention the efforts comics have to make in order to amuse audience .Details and Inferences1. His favorite comic is a draw between Dave Chappelle and Chris Rock .2. No. He started watching it after the show ended like when everybody was watching the season finale .He had never really regularly watched the show and he didnt even catch the season finale .So he is not a big fan of Seinfeild.3. Wendy thinks Seinfeild brilliant .Comics :Dave Chappelle ,Chris Rock ,Comedies: Chapelle Show ,Stand-Up,Seinfeid Part Passages Passages 1Main Idea. Humor is the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement Many theories exist about what humor is and what social function it serves . People of most ages and cultures respond to humor .Details and Inferences1. Humor is the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement .2. The majority of people are able to be amused ,to laugh or smile at something funny ,and thus they are considered to have a “sense of humor”.3. German author Georg Lichtenberg said that “the more you know humor ,the more you become demanding in fineness ”.4. Humor occurs when the brain recognizes a pattern that surprise it ,and that recognition of this sort is rewarded with the experience of the humorous response ,an element of which is broadcast as laughter .Passages 2Main IdeaThe passage introduces the history and current situation of British radio comedy. Radio comedy has been almost exclusively the preserve of the BBC ,and a number of British radio comedies achieved considerable renown in the second half of the twentieth century .Details and InferencesSee the script.Passages 3Main Idea1. The passage mainly explains the characteristics of a British sitcom. It is a situation comedy produced in the United Kingdom. Like sitcoms in most other countries ,they tend to be based around a family ,workplace or other institution where a group of contrasting characters are brought together in each episode.2. A British sitcom is a situation comedy produced in the United Kingdom. Like sitcoms in most other countries, They tend to be based around a family ,workplace or other institution where a group of contrasting characters are brought together each episode .A common factor is the exploration of social mores, often with a mix of satire or pathos , in contrast to the sometimes uplifting sentiments of many classic American sitcoms .(See the script for more details )Details and Inferences1.B 2.C 3.A 4.CPart NewsNews 1 They push shoppers trolleys for tips in the day , and at night ,entertain destitute Zimbabweans just like them who have come to South Africa to seek a better life . Their short comic skits make fun of the daily hardship in their battered country .News 2.Muslims from around the word gather in the city of Mecca to take part in the Hajj . Nearly three million people are expected to participate in the annual pilgrimage , which takes place over five days in the Muslim holy city and at nearby sites . The religion requires every Muslim who is physically and financially able to make the journey at least once in his or her life .Moving from Africa to Saudi Arabia now ,as Muslims from around the world gather in the city of Mecca to take part in the Hajj .Nearly (1)three million people are expected to participate in (2) the annual pilgrimage ,which takes place over five days in (3) the Muslim holy city and at nearby sites. Saudi Arabia has deployed about (4) 100,000 security personnel to help manage the crowds and ensure everyones safety . Taking part in the Hajj is one of (5)the five pillars of Islam . The religion requires every Muslim who is (6) physically and financially able to make the journey at least (7) once in his or her life . It includes many rituals ,including wearing special clothes and (8)taking part in symbolic ceremonies .SectionListening for Fun 1-a 2-b 3-e 4-d 5-f 6-c 7-h 8-gSection Story SeriesA. Chapter 131. Full of self-pity ,and ready to sulk ,Tom walks down the street from school thinking himself to be some kind of social degenerate :“He was a forsaken ,friendless boy .” In his plight of loneliness ,Tom decides that society has forced him to go into a life of crime .2. So the two boys ,determined to become pirates ,plan to run away from home and live on Jacksons Island :an uninhabited ,narrow ,wooded island in the middle of the Mississippi River .3. By raft ,the gang of three drift toward Jacksons Island . After landing safely and setting up “camp,” the boys contemplate the desirable lifestyle of pirates .But after Huck has drifted off to sleep and the campfire dies down ,both Tom and Joe silently begin to regret their actions ,listening to their guilty consciences .Each says his prayers silently in his head and inwardly resolver never to steal again . Consciences satisfied ,each member of the pirate gang succumbs to sleep .B. Chapter 141. They begin their new lifestytles as pirates. “Living off the fat of the land,” the boys swim ,play ,fish ,explore the island ,and lay around in the shade .But despite their freedom to do what they please, homesickness creeps over the boys.2. Thought afraid to admit it ,each falls to thinking about their friends and family back on the mainland .3. The peaceful atmosphere of Jacksons Island is suddenly disrupted by a “deep sullen boom floating down out of the distance “. As the boys investigate further ,they find that the sounds are coming from cannons being shot over the waters of the Mississippi River ,a practice used to bring the bodies of drowning victims afloat . Tom comes to realize that search party is for them , with the residents of St. Petersburg presuming the missing boys have drowned in river . ScriptSection Listening StrategiesPart ConsolidationAs a young man, Al was a skilled artist , a potter. He had a wife and two fine sons .One night ,his oldest son developed a severe stomachache .Thinking it was only some common intestinal disorder ,neither Al nor his wife took the condition very seriously .But the malady was actually acute appendicitis , and the boy died suddenly that night .Knowing the death could have been prevented if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation , Als emotional health deteriorated under the enormous burden of his guilt .To make matters worse his wife left him a short time later ,leaving him alone with his six-year-old younger son .The hurt and pain of the two situations were more than Al could handle , and he turned to alcohol to help him cope. In time Al became an alcoholic .As the alcoholism progressed, Al began to lose everything he possessed-his home , his land , his art objects ,everything .Eventually Al died alone in a San Francisco motel room .When I heard of Als death , I reacted with the same disdain the world shows for one who ends his life with nothing material to show for it .”What a complete failure!” I thought . ”What a totally wasted life !” As time went by , I began to re-evaluate my earlier harsh judgment .You see ,I knew Als now adult son ,Ernie . He is one of the kindest ,most caring ,most loving men I have ever known. I watched Ernie with his children and saw the free flow of love between them . I knew that kindness and caring had to come from somewhere .I hadnt heard Ernie talk much about his father .It is so hard to defend an alcoholic . One day I worked up my courage to ask him .”Im really puzzled by something by something ,” I said. ”I know yourfather was basically the only one to raise you . What on earth did he do that you became such a special person ?”Ernie sat quietly and reflected for a few moments . Then he said ,”From my earliest memories as a child until I left home at 18,Al came into my room every night , gave me a kiss and said ,I love you ,son. ” Tears came to my eyes as I realized what a fool I had been to judge Al as a failure. He had not left any material possessions behind .But he had been a kind loving father ,and he left behind one of the finest ,most giving men I have ever known .Section Listening ComprehensionPart DialoguesDialogue 1Host : Hi , and welcome to Talk About It. Im Carmen Fiallo, and todays topic is humor .Our guest is Dr. James Sanders , a sociologist who studies humor . Hes just written a new book , American Humor , about jokes in the United States. Good morning ,Dr Sanders.Sanders: Hi ,nice to be here.Host: Now, I have to laugh . You study jokes? Thats not really a serious area of study ,is it ?Sanders: Oh, but I take my work very seriously .Actually ,humor tells us a lot about society and how we think .Host : Can you give us an example ?Sanders: Well ,we often make jokes about things were uncomfortable with ,like jokes about death or marriage problems .They help us deal with our feeling about issues . But mostly, humor is a way for people to socialize .Host : How so ?Sanders ：People enjoy the feeling of laughter .It feels good and we like to make other people laugh .Its a way for people to connect-a way to bond with each other .Host: So, lets do some human bonding here. Let us know-what tricks your funny bone ? What makes you laugh ? Give us a call with your favorite joke Hello, Andrew,youre on Talk about It .Andrew: Hi. I want to tell you my favorite joke .Host: Andrew, How old are you ?Andrew: Ummm ,Nine ?Host : O.K, great !Whats the joke ?Andrew :Whyd the farmer put bells on his bows ? Host :I give up .Andrew: Because their horns dont work . Host :Great one ,Andrew .Thanks for calling .Sanders: This is a great example of one of the most common types of jokes :a pun .We love this type of joke because we love to play with words .Puns can be found in any language, and they are one of the earliest types of humor as well .We see puns in the writings of Shakespeare and in ancient writing from Greece and China.Host :Fascinating. O.K, lets go to another call. Hi ,Joan ,youre on Talk About lt.Joan: Hi, Carmen .Host :Do you have a joke for us ?Joan :Sure ,but first ,I want you to know that Im a lawyer .Host :So youre going to tell us a lawyer joke ?Joan: Right .Because I know ,everyone loves lawyers.Host :O.K.Joan: O.K.-A man goes to see a famous lawyer. The man asks, ”How much do you charge ?” The lawyer answers, “I charge $200 to answer three questions .” The man says ,”Isnt that expensive ?”Yes, it is ,” replies the lawyer .”Now, whats your third question?” Host：Thanks, Joan ,-lawyer jokes .Dr. Sanders ,what can you tell us about them ? Sanders : Well , they belong in the category of jokes about a particular group of people or a profession .So you have jokes about lawyers or teachers and so on .Usually the jokes make fun of the group in some way ,Host :I see -Sanders :Now , you have to be careful when you tell this type of joke because many people find them offensive ,especially if theyre about an ethnic or religious group .Host : But I noticed that Joan told us shes a lawyer before she told the joke ,Isnt it sometimes O.K. to tell a joke about a group you belong to ?Sanders :Yes , thats true .People often make jokes about their own group as a way of showing group solidarity ,or just to make fun of themselves .But the same jokes are offensive when they are told by someone outside the group .Host :I see .O.K ,lets go to another call .Dialogue 2Wendi : Alright ,weve been watching some comedy lately .I wanna know who your favorite comic is ?Ken : My favorite comic ? Its a draw between Dave Chappelle and Chris Rock .Wendi : Is Chris Rock really like , is he still doing something ?Ken : No, he really hasnt done anything recently , but still like , yeah ,hes pretty ,a pretty funny guy .Wendi :He is totally funny .Ken :Hes hard to stop .Wendi: When is the last time he was totally working a lot , though ?Ken :Its gotta be maybe five years ago .Wendi: Yeah, its been a while .Ken :Yeah. Now hes like I dont even know what he does anyone .Maybe hes an actor now .Wendi: Hes flipping burgers .Ken :Yeah, he has to feed his family.Wendi: Yeah ,what about Dave Chappelle ? Whats his deal ? Hes kind of -Ken :Dave Chappelle ?Wendi :Hes still working ?Ken : Yeah ,Maybe . He was really popular a couple of years ago when he was doing the Chappelle Show ,a couple of his stand-ups came out ,but.Wendi: Is that finished ?Ken :Hewhich ?Wendi :The Chappelle Show .Ken: Its taking a break or something . What I heard was that he went crazy and he like checked himself into an insane asylum .Wendi :For serious .For real.Ken :Like all the pressure from work was getting to him and stuff .Like he just wanted break .Wendi: Thats so amazing .Ken :Or he ran off to Africa or something .Wendi: You know what , that is just so incredible because ,its like you know ,that whole grass is greener concept .Its like , you think if youre a comedian and youre making people laugh all day and youre on stage and youre laughing too that youre probably having fun but at the end of the day ,I guess works work .Ken :Yeah, works work and he was doing ,like he mentioned in Stand-UP he was working maybe 16 ,18,20 hours a day .Wendi :Really !Ken: Yeah ,so even like hard to study Wendi: What was he doing for 20 hours a day ?Ken: Uh ,like just doing his show .Like I guess it takes a lot of preparation and Wendi: Thats crazy .Ken: Even with all the help in the world ,I guess hes still ,you know ,you have to make it quality ,so it takes time and effort .Wendi: Yeah .Ken: So ,even if it is comedy , it might not be fun twenty hours a day .Wendi: I guess thats like the funny thing, you just think of someones a comedian, it just all comes naturally .Its like it all just comes spur of the moment ,but I guess the real thing is that a lot of work goes into it.Ken: Yeah, I think so. Like to be creative on a consistent basis is probably isnt the easiest thing in the world .Wendi: Yeah .I think so . It sure is for me anyways.Wendi: Are you a Seinfeild fan ?Ken :Seinfeild Wendi: Not really .Im reading your body language .Ken :No, I did watch a few episodes ,here and there ,when it was on TV and I was bored ,butWendi: Youre not a big fan ?Ken :Like I started watching it after the show ended like you know when everybody was watching the season finale ,like I had never really regularly watched the show and I didnt even catch the season finale ,but so ,my friends were like ,”Did you watch it ?Did you watch it ?”and Im like ,”No.”Wendi: I think its brilliant .I think its incredibly brilliant .Wendi: I think its brilliant .I think its incredibly brilliant .Wendi: I think its brilliant .I think its incredibly brilliant.Ken :Yeah ,its a good show.Wendi: yeah .Part Passages Passage Evolution of Humor Humor is the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement .Many theories exist about what humor is and what social function it serves . People of most ages and cultures respond to humor .The majority of people are able to be amused ,to laugh or smile at something funny ,and thus they are considered to have a “sense of humor “ As with any form of art , the same goes for humor ,acceptance depends on social demographics and varies from person to person .Throughout history comedy has been used as a form of entertainment all over the world ,whether in the courts of the Western kings or the villages of the Far East .Both a social etiquette and a certain intelligence can be displayed through forms of wit and sarcasm .18th-century German author Georg Lichtenberg said that “the more you know humor ,the more you become demanding in fineness ”. Alastair Clarke explains :The theory is an evolutionary and cognitive explanation of how and why any individual finds anything funny. Effectively it explains that humor occurs when the brain recognizes a pattern that suprises it ,and that recognition of this s