【公共英语】辩论课件.doc

On Debating Introduction The nature of debating is also communicating, but not fighting. Debating Expressions： How to greet:Honorable judges, distinguished chairman/chairperson/chairlady, ladies and gentlemen. How to state an opinion: 1. in my opinion2. Personally I think 3. I believe that 4. I think that 6. The point is that 7. If you ask me8. Id like to say this9. Id like to point out that 10. Speaking for myself 11. as far as Im concerned， 12. in my experience13. My/Our point is14. My view point is (后面不用: I think/ I believe that)15. My/Our perspective is .16. Both of us insist.17. I firmly believe that How to clarify an opinion:1. Again, let me clarify what I said.2. As we have told you that3. What I said was4. What I mean to say was5. Let me repeat what I said. 6. Let me rephrase what I said. How to agree with an opinion:1. Of course 2. Right. 3. Exactly. 4. Absolutely! 5. Thats true. 6. So do I（Neither do I.）.7. I agree completely. 8. I agree with you entirely. 9. Youre absolutely right. 10. Thats a good point. 11. I couldnt agree more. 12. Thats just what I was thinking. 13. I feel the same way. 14. Thats absolutely true! 15. Ill take your point. 16. Id go along with you there. 17. Im with you on that. 18. Thats just how I see it. 19. Thats exactly my opinion. How to half agree with an opinion: 1. Yes, perhaps. 2. Well, yes. 3. Yes, in a way. 4. Mmm, possibly. 5. Yes, I agree up to a point. 6. Well, youve got a point there. 7. Theres something in that, I suppose. 8. I guess you could be right. 9. Yes, I suppose so. 10. Thats worth thinking about. How to disagree politely with an opinion:1. I am not sure really. 2. Do you think so? 3. Well, it depends. 4. Im not so certain. 5. Well, Im not so sure about that. 6. Im inclined to disagree with that. 7. Maybe some people think that, but I would like to point that8. I understand that., but I prefer9. I certainly agree with your point, but there is one more important question.10. Since you have mentioned.but11. I suspect your opinion.12. In this sense.13. To a large extent14. What you said is just a part of issue, please dont forget.15. Exactly as you say, but now the situation has changed.16. Im afraid I dont agree with you. 17. Im afraid you are wrong there.18. Let me remind you our debating is focus on 19. I think you have carried away our focus; you have fallen to another side of the issue.20. on the other hand How to disagree strongly with an opinion: 1. I disagree. 2. I disagree with you entirely. 3. No, I dont think so really. 4. I wouldnt accept that for one minute. 5. You cant really mean that. 6. You cant be serious. 7. You must be joking. 8. I hate to disagree with you, but9. There is no doubt that10. It goes without saying that11. I cant possibly agree with you. 12. On the contrary. 13. But thats different. 14. I cannot agree/accept your points.15. Your points dont make any sense. 16. You point is just your personal experience.17. I dont think it can respect the point of majority.18. It can never reflect/represent the majority. 19. Your point cant hold water.20. We think youve missed21. In conclusion, your understanding on this issue is a handicapped one.22. Attention, please/ Thank Goodness, your example can best clarify us our point.23. That cant be true. How to challenge an opinion:1. Well, what do you think of？2. Do you agree? （Don t you agree？） 3. What s your view on the matter？ 4. How do you see it？ 5. Lets have your opinion.6. Do you think that？ 7. All right, but dont you think？8. Excuse me; are you saying that?9. Do you mean by saying?10. But what about？ How to emphasize an opinion:1. I hope you remember one important thing2. One important point you cannot ignore is How to provide examples:Deduction: provide examples after stating the topic sentence;Induction: conclude the topic sentence after providing examples.How to conclude points:1. After all 2. On the whole 3. In conclusion 4. To sum up 5. All in all 6. Based on the above speeches, I/we firmly believe that Debating SkillsClarity: Avoid use of terms which can be interpreted differently by different readers.Evidence:Quoting an authority is not evidence. Quoting a majority opinion is not evidence. Any argument that starts with, According to Einstein. is not based on objective evidence. Any argument that starts with, Most biologists believe. is not based on objective evidence. Saying, The Bible says. is not evidence. Authorities and majorities can be wrong and frequently have been.Emotionalism:Avoid emotionally charged words-words that are likely to produce more heat than light. Certainly the racial, ethnic, or religious hate words have no place in rational debating.Causality:Avoid the blunder of asserting a causal relationship with the popular fallacy of post hoc ergo propter hoc which declares that because some event A happened and immediately afterward event B happened that event A was the cause of event B.Innuendo:Avoid innuendo which is saying something pejorative about your opponent without coming right out and saying it but by making more or less veiled allusions to some circumstance, rumor, or popular belief.Apply the scientific method.Cite relevant personal experience.Be polite. It is probably always wise to treat your opponent with respect, even if he doesnt deserve it. If he doesnt deserve respect, this will probably soon become obvious enough.Organize your response. (Beginning, middle, end.) Treat people as individuals.Cite sources for statistics and studies used. Be passionate, confident and logical Standard Pronunciation (e.g. 元音前的定冠词“the”发音特殊)Variety in intonation and speed. Considering your points from the angle of “Internationalization, history, globalization, urbanization, etc.” Accuracy in word choice. e.g. a kind of: 同例中的一个例外；a sort of: 以自己的判断，比较主观；a type of: 完全不一样的类别in case 万一in the case of +n/ where.如发生某事，以防发生某事 Respective duties of debaters: First debater: put forward and state the views and points;Second debater: intensify the first debaters points Case AnalysesInfluence of economic crisis on ChinaProposition side（advantages outweigh disadvantages）:The government will help people to ride out the storm, which reflects the strength of China.Experience learned from the economic crisis:1. All people have witnessed some pressure and try to review what we can do to adopt the economic environment;2. Save money and expense;3. Choosing majors: more rational, not a pure major but tie oneself more tightly with the society and meet the society need;4. Real estate: learn to aware and use the economic lever to resist the risk of economic crisis;5. We have fully realized the unreasonable economic structure;6. We should adjust the industrial structure and improve economic efficiency and innovative abilities so as to promote the healthy development of economy.Opposition side:Because of the economic crisis, the demand of developed countries fall sharply and the international exchange rate fluctuates a lot, which has influenced the export growth of our country greatly;The gap between the rich and the poor has become much wider;The domestic demand of our country has fallen as well;The economic crisis also has a negative impact on the employment rate and many graduate students feel its difficult for them to find appropriate jobs;The sharp decline in real estate has had a negative impact on building materials, construction industries and some other related industries.Whether the private coal-mine industry should be banned or not:Proposition side:Strengthen the management of private coal mine;Educate people to be more rational and learn to use more scientific means to promote the development of coal mining industry.Opposition side:These private coal-mine industries have provided important means for people in remote areas to earn a living as mining workers, since China is still a developing country;Guarantee the basic living of people from remote areas and to some extent it will decrease the unemployment rate. Whether the urbanization should be encouraged or not:Proposition side:Urbanization is urgent because it will promote the economic development;Broaden the vision of migrant workers;Improve qualities of migrant workers and promote long-term stability of our country;The income of the farmers will be increased;Transfer surplus labor from rural areas to urban areas; Adjust the economic structure in rural areas;Urbanization will further develop the domestic market and increase the demand for the agricultural and industrial products;Narrow the differences and disparities between rural and urban areas;Be helpful to achieve sustainable development.Opposition side:The number of peasants shrink greatly;The influx of migrant workers has exceeded the acceptability of urban areas;In fact, migrant workers are treated unequally and are restricted to settle in cities. Apart from that, the social insurance of migrant workers is not guaranteed. As a result, peasants are discouraged from transferring into rural areas and urbanization will be hindered;After income has been increased, lacking plans and guidance, many rich farmers begin to construct houses, which will lead to uneconomical use of the land and will seriously impede the coordinated development of urban and rural construction; A significant reduction in arable land has been caused by the redundant construction and it brings difficulties in improving the efficiency of agricultural production; The influence of economic development on traditional Chinese culture:Proposition side:With t