非谓语动词的用法讲解

非谓语动词语法讲解 Non finite 非谓语动词的类型 Infinitive不定式 Gerund动名词 Participle分词 Non finite Structure tobedone Infinitive todo Negative 否定 nottodo Passivevoice 1 主语Subject 不定式作主语时 往往放在谓语之后 用it作形式主语 Togetenoughsleepatnightisimportant It Itisadj forsb todosth Itis apleasure anhonor apitytodo Ittakessb timetodo Non finite isimportanttogetenoughsleepatnight 1 吸烟对你来说是不好的 Itisnotgoodforyoutosmoke 2 和你一起共进晚餐很愉快 Itisapleasuretohavedinnerwithyou Itonlytooktwoyearstocompletetheproject 3 完成这项工程只花了二年时间 巩固练习1 2 表语Predicative Myjob is Yourtask 努力学习 istostudyhard Non finite Toseeistobelieve toteachyouEnglish Thesedayseveryonewantstogetrichfast 3 宾语Object 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有 fail happen mean wish hope decide refuse offer learn agree etc todo Non finite liketodo managetodo thinkconsiderfindmakefeel 形式宾语 4 我希望很快收到你的信 Ihopetohearfromyousoon 5 我决定不留下来 Idecidednottostay 6 学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣 Studentsthought 7 她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论 Shethoughtitunnecessarytoarguewithhim itinterestingtoplaycomputergames it adj todo 巩固练习2 Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard 4 宾补Complement 五看 watch see lookat observe notice 三使 let make have 二听 listento hear 一感觉 feel 当遇到下列动词时 不定式省略to allow cause ask advise expect force permit persuade tell want warn teach等 Non finite 医生建议他去南方 Thedoctoradvisedhimtogotothesouth sbtodo Imadehimdohiswork He byme Seesbdosth sbbeseentodo Hewasseen fromthetreeandgethurt fallB tofallC fallingD fallen 改错 Hewasheardtalktohismotherforanhour totalk wasmadetodohiswork 5 定语Attributive 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词 则不定式中要有介词 Heislookingfor 一间可以住的房子 Thereisnothing 我想要几本书在旅途中看 I dlike afewbookstoreadduringthejourney Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool Itisaverygood A schooltostudyinB schoolforchildrentostudyC studyingschoolD schooltostudy toworryabout Thetopicstobediscussedattomorrow smeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008 没有什么可担心的 aroomtolivein Icameheretoseeyou Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain 6 状语Adverbial inorderto soasto 1 表目的 2 表原因 Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews 3 表结果 Thisroomisbigenoughtoholdus enough to too to onlyto etc Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet Non finite 1 lateinthemorning Bobturnedoffthealarm A TosleepB SleepingC SleepD Havingslept2001春季高考第21题 巩固练习2 翻译 1935年 他离开家再也没回来 In1935helefthomenevertoreturn 1 作主语 2 作表语 3 作宾语 4 作宾语补足语 5 作定语 6 作状语 在句中承担的成分 TenseandVoice 时态与语态 tobedoing tohavedone tohavebeendone tohavebeendoing 1 Theypretendednottoseeus 2 Hepretendedtobesleeping 3 Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore 一般式表示与谓语的动作同时 发生在它之后 在谓语动词发生的同时 不定式的动作也正在进行 完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 1 Theboypretended whenhismotherentered A readingB toreadC tobereadingD beingread 2 Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth Sheappears everything 01年高考 A totellB tobetoldC tobetellingD tohavebeentold 巩固练习3 3 CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered thefirstcomputer MET9334 A toinventB inventingC tohaveinventedD havinginvented 4 TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth forhimwithoutdelay A tohavewovenB tobewovenC tobeweavingD toweave who which when how what whom whether等连用 在句中起名词作用 可充当主语 表语 宾语等 我不知道是否要接受邀请 Idon tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitationornot 宾语 Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant 主语 如何解决这个问题很重要 我的问题是什么时候开始 Myquestioniswhentostart 表语 Non finite 不定式与疑问词连用 关于省略 1 不定式中的动词上文已出现过 下文要省略该动词 e g Wouldyouliketogowithme 2 不定式是tobe结构 be不可省 e g Wouldyouliketobeateacher A I dliketoB I dliketogo Yes Non finite A I dliketobe B I dliketo Yes 1 Didyougetajob No I butit snouse A expectedB triedtoC managedtoD planned 2 Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet buthismothertoldhim A nottoB nottodoC notdoitD donotto 巩固练习4 不定式用在介词but except besides后时 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式 那么介词后的不定式不带to 相反则带to 1 Shecoulddonothingbut cry 2 Ihavenochoicebut go 3 Whatdoyoulike besides do sleep cry togo todo sleep Non finite Exercise eat giveup finish explain tell 1 Myteacherwasmade histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth togiveup explaining tobeexplained tobefinished nottoeat 3 Wefinditimpossibleforthework aheadoftime 4 Thepatientwaswarned oilyfoodaftertheoperation 2 Thesentencewants oncemore 5 Imeant youaboutit butIforgottodoso tohavetold 1 MET9214 Iusuallygotherebytrain Whynot byboatforachange A totrygoingB tryingtogoC totryandgoD trygoing 2 Ratherthan onacrowdedbus healwaysprefers abicycle MET9422 A ride rideB riding rideC ride torideD toride riding 4 Shecan thelp thehousebecauseshe sbusymakingacake 97上海12 A tocleanB cleaningC cleanedD beingcleaned 3 Whileshopping peoplesometimecan thelp intobuyingsomethingtheydon treallyneed 96上海14 topursueB persuadingC beingpersuadedD bepersuaded 5 Robertissaid abroad butIdon tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin tohavestudiedB tostudyC tobestudyingD tohavebeenstudying6 Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier itmoredifficult notmakeB nottomakeC notmakingD don tmake 7 Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple butitremains whethertheywillenjoyit toseeB tobeseenC seeingD see8 Themotherdidn tknow toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout A whoB whenC howD why 9 Pauldoesn thavetobemade Healwaysworkshard learnB tolearnC learnedD learning 10 Thelightintheofficeisstillon Oh Iforgot turningitoffB turnitoffC toturnitoffD havingturneditoff 11 Iwouldlove tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport A togoB tohavegoneC goingD havinggone 12 I veworkedwithchildrenbefore soIknowwhat inmynewjob A expectedB toexpectC tobeexpectingD expects 13 LittleJimshouldlove tothetheatrethisevening A tobetakenB totakeC beingtakenD taking14 Theteacheraskedus somuchnoise A don tmakeB notmakeC notmakingD nottomake 不定式作定语时 应放在被修饰词的后面 而且放在其他后置定语之后 1 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系 1 动宾关系Ihavealotofworktodo 2 主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome 3 同位关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege 固定句型 hadbetter not dosth 最好 不 做某事Why not dosth prefertodo preferdoing prefer n doingA to n doingB prefer todoAratherthan to doB wouldrather not dosth wouldratherdoAthan do B wouldrather 句子 过去式 虚拟语气 要做 注意以下几种情况不定式的用法 在thefirst thesecond thelast和only之后 只能用todo 如 Hewasthelasttoleavetheclassroom 如果understand realize know用在begin start attempt intend后 只能用todo 如 Ibegantounderstandthetruth 表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用nottodo 而用inordernottodo或soasnottodo 如 Inordernottobeseen hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow Nottobeseen hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow Hecameintotheroomthroughthewindowsoasnottobeseen soastodo一般不放在句首 Hegetupatfivethismorningsoastocatchtheearlybus X Soastocatchtheearlybus hegotupatfivethismorning Myteacherwasmade histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth givingupB togiveupC giveupD givenup2 Thesentencewants oncemore explainedB toexplainC beingexplainedD explaining3 TheArcticisconsidered thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic havingbeenB tohavebeenC tobeD being B D C 4 TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth forhimwithoutdelay tohavewovenB tobewovenC tobeweavingD toweave5 IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard learnedB learningC tobelearnedD tolearn6 Thelightintheofficeisstillon Oh Iforgot turningitoffB turnitoffC toturnitoffD havingturneditoff B D C 7 Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers Thekey theproblemistomeetthedemand bythecustomers tosolving makingB tosolving madeC tosolve makingD tosolve made8 Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool Itisaverygood schooltostudyinB schoolforchildrentostudyC studyingschoolD schooltostudy B A 9 Didyougetajob No I butit snouse expectedB triedtoC managedtoD planned10 Wefinditimpossibleforthework aheadoftime tofinishB finishingC beingfinishedD tobefinished11 IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain Whynot therebyboatforachange totrytogoB trygoingC totrygoingD trytogo B D B 12 aliving shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight TomakeB MadeC MakingD Tohavemade13 Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan forfood begB beggingC beggedD tobeg14 Theboypretended whenhismotherentered readingB toreadC tobereadingD beingread A A C Exercise 1 Robertissaid abroad butIdon tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin tohavestudiedB tostudyC tobestudyingD tohavebeenstudying2 Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier itmoredifficult notmakeB nottomakeC notmakingD don tmake3 I veworkedwithchildrenbefore soIknowwhat inmynewjob expectedB toexpectC tobeexpectingD expects 4 Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple butitremains whethertheywillenjoyit toseeB tobeseenC seeingD see5 ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows itwhattodowithB whattodowithitC whattodoitwithD todowhatwithit6 Themotherdidn tknow toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout A whoB whenC howD why 7 Pauldoesn thavetobemade Healwaysworkshard A learnB tolearnC learnedD learning8 Weagreed herebutsofarshehasn tturnedupyet A havingmetB meetingC tomeetD tohavemet9 Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet buthismothertoldhim A nottoB nottodoC notdoitD donotto 10 Thepatientwaswarned oilyfoodaftertheoperation A toeatnotB eatingnotC nottoeatD noteating11 Iwouldlove tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport A togoB tohavegoneC goingD havinggone12 CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered thefirstcomputer A toinventB inventingC tohaveinventedD havinginvented 13 LittleJimshouldlove tothetheatrethisevening A tobetakenB totakeC beingtakenD taking14 lateintheafternoon Bobturnedoffthealarm A TosleepB SleepingC SleepD Havingsleep15 Theteacheraskedus somuchnoise A don tmakeB notmakeC notmakingD nottomake 1 Toseeyouisglad It sgladtoseeyou 2 Iwanttoseeyou 3 Iwanthimtoseeyou 4 Myhopeistoseeyou 5 Heisthemantoseeyou 6 I mgladtoseeyou 7 Iwenttoseeyou 8 Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou9 Totellyouthetruth Idon tagreewithyou 10 Howtosolvethisproblemisveryimportant 作主语 作宾语 作宾补 作表语 作定语 作原因状语 作目的状语 作结果状语 独立成分 和疑问词连用 Gerund 一 Structure doingNegative notdoing 二 时态和语态 making havingmade 不作定语 beingmade havingbeenmade 不作定语 三 在句中承担的成分 1 作主语 2 作宾语 3 作定语 4 作表语 Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusiness 1 作主语 Seeingisbelieving e g Whatmadehimsounhappy theticketforthefootballmatch HavingbeenlostB LostC BecauseoflosingD Losing Key D Losingtheticketforthefootballmatchmadehimsounhappy 对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的 Cryingoverthespiltmilkisnouse Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk 类似的还有 Itisnogooddoingsth Itisnousedoingsth IenjoylearningEnglish Howaboutmeetingoutsidethetheatre 2 作宾语 Vt Prep doing 下列动词通常用 ing形式作宾语 admit appreciate deny resist stand imagine suggest mind finish enjoy keep practise miss avoid delay excuse escape consider can thelp 等 如 1 你介意我在这儿抽烟吗 Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere 2 这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴 Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday 3 Goodnewskeepscoming 下列V prep 通常用 ing形式作宾语 尤其注意介词to e g insiston prevent from dependon feellike befondof succeedin beproudof excuse for apologizefor lookforwardto objectto beusedto beopposedto etc Prep 后通常用 ing形式作宾语 e g Theboystoodstillwithout dare toraisehisheadbecauseof break avase daring havingbroken todo和doing的区别 remembertodorememberdoingforgettodoforgetdoingstoptodostopdoinggoontodogoondoingtrytodotrydoingregrettodoregretdoingmeantodomeandoing 注意 动词如 permit allow admit forbid imagine consider有不同的用法 V sbtodosth V doingsthe g Thedoctoradvisedmenottogotobedtoolate Pleasepermitmetointroducemyselftoyoufirst Yousurelycan tconsiderhimtobeaselfishman Myparentsforbidmetostayoutaftermid night Iallowedthechildrentoplayinmyroomforanotherfiveminutes advise permit allow admit forbid considerdoingsth e g Thelittleboyadmittedhavingbrokentheglass Theyshouldn tallowparkinginthestreet it stoonarrow Iforbidsmokinginmyhouse Wedonotpermitsmokingintheoffice 3 作表语 Myhobbyiscollectingstampsandfishing Hisjobisteaching What sthedifferencebetweenthem I mfishing Myhobbyisfishing 动名词 现在分词 4 作定语 awalkingstickAswimmingpoolAsleepingcar 区别 ThewalkingmanTheswimminggirlThesleepingboy 动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能 现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态 Gerund的逻辑主语 Tominsistedoncomingtotheparty Tominsistedonmycomingtotheparty 我几乎无法想象peter在五天内横渡大西洋 IcanhardlyimaginePetersailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays 动名词表示被动意义 在动词或词组need want require beworth deserve etc 后的动名词表示被动意义 Yourcompositionneedsimproving Yourcompositionneedstobeimproved Thebookisworthreadingasecondtime Thebookisworthytoberead ofbeingreadasecondtime 非谓语动词语法讲解 WuxunHighSchool Non finite 非谓语动词的类型 Infinitive不定式 Gerund动名词 Participle分词 Non finite ing分词 ed分词 ing分词 以make为例 ed分词 Havingmade making beingmade Havingbeenmade made X X X 分词在句中承担的成分 由于分词具有形容词性和副词性 在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和宾语 1 作定语 thesunwhichisrising ing分词和 ed分词修饰名词有前置位 后置位 1 therisingsun 2 Heisaretiredworker Heisaworkerwhohasalreadyretired e g 3 Theproblembotheringusisthelackofmoney 4 ThesearegoodsimportedfromJapan 前置位 后置位 Theproblem whichis botheringusisthelackofmoney What sthedifferencebetween edand ingparticiple ing分词表示 进行 ed分词表示 完成 ing分词表示 主动 ed分词表示 被动 主动 进行 被动 完成 在时态上 在语态上 Thesearegoods whichwere importedfromJapan Exercises The work peoplehaveplayedagreatroleintheactivity Idon tlike can food Iprefersomethingfresh working canned 1 站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩看上去很胆小 Thegirl byhermotherlookedverytimid 2 最近到处在议论的话题都与2008年奥运会有关 Thetopics everywhererecentlyisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008 whowasstanding standing beingdiscussed whicharebeingdiscussed What sthedifference 1 ThetopicsbeingdiscussedeverywhererecentlyisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008 tobediscussed discussed 进行 完成 将来 2 Thetopics discuss attomorrow smeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008 3 Thetopics discuss atyesterday smeetingwasabouttheOlympics2008 巩固练习一 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1 Theman question inthepolicestationnowisaspy 2 Aman respect otherswillberespected 3 Halfoftheguests invite totheconferencewereforeigners 4 Thematter discuss isveryimportant beingquestioned respecting invited beingdiscussed 5 被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院 Theboywassenttothehospitalimmediately 6 每天给我办公室送邮件的人是位退休工人 Themaneverydayisaretiredworker injuredbythecar deliveringmailstomyoffice Theglassisbroken Thefoodsmellsinviting 2 作表语 Whathesaidsounds convince Hewas interest inwhathelearnedinCanadaandhethoughteverythinginCanadawas interest convincing interested interesting 这道菜香味怡人 Pleasefillintheblankwiththeverbgiven 使 信服 类似情况还有 surprising surprised exciting excited tiring tired disappointing disappointed encouraging encouraged amazed amazing bored boring pleasing pleased astonishing astonished ed分词Sb Link v ed分词 ing分词Sth Link v ing分词 人的感觉 事物本身的特点 巩固练习二 用所给动词的 ed或 ing形式填空 1 Thejourneywasquite tire 2 Theresultoftheexammademe disappoint 3 Thiswasreallyan moment excite 4 His looksuggestedthathedidn tunderstandit puzzle 5 Heseemedquite attheidea delight 6 Thepresentsituationis encourage tiring disappointed exciting puzzled delighted encouraging Theycaughthimcheatinginthemid termexaminationHewascaughtcheatinginthemid termexamination Youcan tleavetheworkshopwiththemachinerunning 3 作补语 1 宾语补足语 2 主语补足语 3 介词宾语补足语 Fillintheblank 1 Hewassurprisedtofindhisroomthoroughly clean 2 LastnightIsawhim play theviolinwithhiseyes shut 被动 主动 Moreexercises cleaned playing shut 被动 Iheardmysister thatsonginEnglishoutside sing Theyonceheardthesong inEnglish Motherheardherkid thedoor Motherheardthedoor open Withthetest finish webegantoanalyzetheresult We duringourlastmeeting 我们留下了很多问题没解决 Wouldyoupleasespeakloudersoasto A makeyouhearB makeyourselfhearC makeyouheardD makeyourselfheard leftalotofproblemsunsolved D singing sung opening opened 巩固练习三 finished 分词作状语 修饰谓语 大多说明动作发生的背景或情景 表示时间 条件 原因 让步 伴随情况等 一般说来 这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语 而句子本身可与状语从句等句型转换 4 作状语 1 Whenweheardthenews wejumpedwithjoy Hearingthenews wejumpedwithjoy 2 Whenitisheated themetalexpands Heated themetalexpands 3 Becausehedidn tknowhowtodoit hewenttohisfatherforhelp Notknowinghowtodoit hewenttohisfatherforhelp 4 Astheyweredeeplymoved thechildrenbegantocry Deeplymovedbythestory thechildrenbegantocry 主动 被动 表示时间 表示原因 5 look outofthewindow youcanhaveafullviewofthebeach Ifyoulookoutofthewindow youcanhaveafullviewofthebeach 6 keep inrefrigerator thesevegetableswillremainfresh Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator thesevegetableswillremainfresh 表示条件 Looking Kept 7 Thechildrenrushedout shoutingandjumping 8 Shewalkedoutofthehouse byherlittledaughter follow 9 Shewalkedoutofthehouse herlittledaughter follow 10 consider asabuildingmaterial woodisnotverystrong Althoughitisconsideredasabuildingmaterial woodisnotverystrong e 表示让步 表示方式和伴随情况 followed following Considered 11 Thecarwasheldupbythesnowstorm thus cause thedelay 12 Theglassfelltotheground break topieces 表示结果 分词作状语时 分词前可加连词表示强调 e g heated icecanbechangedintowater When tired Iwentonwiththework walkinginthestreet Isawaroadaccident While Though causing broken 1 作定语 2 作表语 4 作状语 3 作补语 分词 分词的时态 ing ed 主句 不强调动作先后 HavingdoneHavingbeendonee g 1 UsedasameansoftrafficinChina thebikeisveryuseful 2 Havingbeenusedformanyyears thebikeneedsrepairing Moreexercises 主句 强调时间先后 1 Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembers inform ofhowthenegotiationsweregoingon 2 be theremorethanonce theoldprofessorofferedtoshowusaroundthenewly builtlibrary 3 invite togotocamping Paulorderedanewsleepingbag 4 notknow histelephonenumber shelosttouchwithhim informed Havingbeen Havingbeeninvited Notknowing 分词的逻辑主语 分词的逻辑主语一般为 但当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致时 分词前必须有自己的主语 e g Ifweatherpermits wewillhaveafieldtrip Weatherpermitting we llhaveafieldtriptomorrow 这被称为 时间允许 我们将在去杭州的路上顺道看一下我叔叔 Timepermitting wewillvisitmyuncleonmywaytoHangzhou 主句的主语 分词的独立结构 但有些分词作状语属习惯用法 分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致 如 Judgingfromtheexpressiononhisface hehadfailedthedrivingtestagain Generallyspeaking girlsaremorecarefulthanboys 类似的还有 SpeakingofTalkingof 高考题 1 Theflowers sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature 2004 A tosmellB smellingC smeltD tobesmelt2 Thedisc digitally inthestudio soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight 2004 A recordedB recordingC toberecordedD havingrecorded3 Generallyspeaking accordingtothedirections thedrughasnosideeffect 2003 A whentakingB whentakenC whentotakeD whentobetaken B B A 4 areply hedecidedtowriteagain A NotreceivingB ReceivingnotC NothavingreceivedD Havingnotreceived C 5 Before themachinemustbechecked beingusedB usingitC beingusedtoD using A 6 betterattention thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand themlight A Giving givenB Given givenC Giving givingD Given giving D 1 inthought healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim A LosingB HavinglostC LostD Tolose C 陷入深思 有两种表达法 A LoseoneselfinthoughtB belostinthought 综合练习 5 Victorapologizedhis notbe abletoinformmeofthechangeintheplan 6 Afterhisjourneyfromabroad RichardJonesreturnedhome exhaust 7 Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief catch 8 Generally speak When take accordingtothedirections thedrughasno