红楼梦英文简介.doc

清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果：作者简介 CAO XUEQIN (1715?-63) was born into a family which for three generations held the office of Commissioner of Imperial Textiles in Nanking, a family so wealthy that they were able to entertain the Emperor Kangxi four times. But calamity overtook them and their property was confiscated. Cao Xuegin was living in poverty near Peking when he wrote his famous novel The Story of the Stone (also known as The Dream of the Red Chamber), of which this is the second volume. The four other volumes, The Golden Days, The Warning Voice, The Debt of Tears and The Dreamer Wakes, are also published in the Penguin Classics. DAVID HAWKES was Professor of Chinese at Oxford University from Igsq to 1971 and a Research Fellow of All Souls College, from 1973 to 1983. He now lives in retirement in Wales. 红楼梦以贾宝玉、林黛玉、薛宝钗之间的恋爱婚姻悲剧为主线，描写了以贾家为代表的四大家族的兴衰，揭示了封建大家庭的各种错综复杂的矛盾，表现了封建的婚姻、道德、文化、教育的腐朽、堕落，塑造了一系列贵族、平民以及奴隶出身的女子的悲剧形象，展示了极其广阔的封建社会的典型生活环境，曲折地反映了那个社会必然崩溃、没落的历史趋势。作品还歌颂了贵族的叛逆者和违背封建礼教的爱情，体现出追求个性自由的初步的民主主义思想，并深刻而全面地揭示了贾、林、薛之间爱情婚姻悲剧的社会根源。但由于历史的局限，作者在写出封建大家族没落的同时，也流露出惋惜和感伤的情绪，蒙有一层宿命论和虚无主义的色彩。 英文：Dream of the Red Chamber to Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai main line between love marriage and tragedy. a description of the rise and fall of sediments represented by the four most prominent families, reveals the complex contradictions of the feudal family, performance of the feudal marriage, morality, culture, education and decadent, degenerate and create a series of nobility civilians and the tragic image of a slave woman who has demonstrated an extremely broad typical feudal society living environment. reflect the twists and turns that society is bound to collapse, the declining trend of history. Rebel extolling aristocratic also works against the feudal ethics and love, The initial pursuit of individual freedom embodied the democratic idea, and reveals the profound and comprehensive Jia Lin. Xue love marriage between social causes of the tragedy. However, due to historical limitations, the authors write in the demise of the feudal family, it is also expressed regret over the sad feelings Mongolia had one fatalism and nihilism colors.最佳答案内容简介The Story of the Stone (c. 1760), also known as The Dream of the Red Chamber, is one of the greatest novels of Chinese literature. The fifth part of Cao Xueqins magnificent saga, The Dreamer Awakes, was carefully edited and completed by Gao E some decades later. It continues the story of the changing fortunes of the Jia dynasty, focussing on Bao-yu, now married to Bao-chai, after the tragic death of his beloved Dai-yu. Against such worldly elements as death, financial ruin, marriage, decadence and corruption, his karmic journey unfolds. Like a sleepwalker through life, Bao-yu is finally awakened by a vision, which reveals to him that life itself is merely a dream, as moonlight mirrored in the water. -参考资料：/detail/product.asp?prodid=bkbk603042 4TheDreamofRedChamberOnceuponatimethegoddessNvGualevelseveralthousandspiecesofstonetorepairthedamagepostofheaven.Oneextrastonethatdidnotfitandasdiscardatthefootofamountain.Thisetherealstonediscoveralovelybutfrailbutcelestialcampbytheriverofthespiritsinthewest.Everydayitwateredtheplantswithsweetdewtheplantnourishedbythedewtookessenceofheavenandearth.Aftercenturiesofpolishingthestonetookonhumanformsanddescendedtoearthandbecomingtheheroandheroinofthedreamoftheredchamberacomplexbrilliantandprofounddrama.AmongtheChineseclassicsthedreamoftheredchamberhasbeenmostwidelyredandstudiedbythegeneralpublicandscholarsitsconceptioninthelaterpartofthe18thcentury.Besidesitsmythicalbeginningmorethen400humancharacterscometolifeintheJiapalacethroughouttheonehundredthandtwentychaptersofthisbook.Theyvividlyandrealisticallyunveilapureworldandthespiritualworldandtheloveandhatredandthegoodandevildesiccantandconsonant.Foroveronehundredthyearsthedreamoftheredchamberhasattractedmillionsofpeoplefromallwalksoflife.Itespeciallyappealstoyoungpeoplebecausetheentireantagonistinthestoryisyoungaswell.Thebookisamasterpieceduetoitsvastrepertoireandreservoirofartisticachievementstheboundphilosophyoflifesimultaneouslycoupledwithacompellinglovestory.Theheroofthedreamoftheredchamberisthehumanformofthediscardetherealstone.HewasbornholdingapreciousstoneinhismouthandsonamedBaoYupreciousstone.HeisthelifebloodoftheJiafamilyprotagonistofthelovestoryandpreacherofthephilosophyoflife.ThemainplotofthenovelistheentanglelovetriangleamongBaoYutheimperialstoneXianYuthetransformcelestialplantandDaiYuthedestineearthlylovepossessingthegoldmedallionwithaninscriptionmatchingtheoneonthepreciousstonefromthecouple.ThesecondaryplotevolvesaroundtheriseanddeclineoftheJiafamily.Aseriesofeventsofcharactersunfoldaroundthesetwoplotsthedetailedandstructuredanalysisoftheentwinedrelationshipsamongthenovelsinnumerouscharacters.Enablethereaderstogetathrallunderstandingoftheriseanddeclineofaprominentfamilyandatasteofloveandhatredjoyandsorrowandreunionandseparation.TheauthorCaoXue-qinwasbornintheearlypartofthe18thcenturyduringtheperiodofemperorKongXianddiedinthe27thyearofreignofemperorChinintheChingdynasty.Historicalresearchrevealsthatthepersonalexperiencesoftheauthorsbarestrikingsimilaritiestotheeventssettingofthisnovel.BaoYuisprotagonistwasapamperedchildwhofacedhighexpectationshetooknointerestinfameorwealthbutratherindulgedhimselfinthecompanyofandrogenoffemaleplaymatefrombothhighandlowclasses.Heproclaimedthatgirlsarecreaturesofwaterandthathecouldfeelthatfreshnessandcleanliness.Whereasmenarethebeamsofslimhewasoverwhelmedbyturbulenceandfilthinessmerelybycatchingasightofthem.Thisisnotacasualremarkdroppedbyourhero.IndeedhiswholelifefromhisthoughtsandfeelingstohisexpressionsanddemeanorevolvedaroundhiscontemptforfameandwealthHisdevotiontoloveandsoulandhisconspicuousoppositiontopatriarchaltradition.Theauthorsuccessfullyportraysmanydistinctfemalecharactersbeamingwithtalentposeinnocentsandgrace.EachdrawingherowncrowdthemostimportantcharacterothertheleadingmaleroleofBaoYuaretwelveyoungladiesknownasthetwelvebeautiesoftheimperialmausoleum.Oneofthedistinctcharacteristicsofthisbookisthegreatesteemgiventowomen.Inthisbookeventhosechambermaidswithratherlowsocialstatusaregivendistinctiveandunforgettablepersonalities.Beinguprightpassionateloyalcapableandefficient,Worthmentioningarethepoemthatthecharacterseverycountevent.Theauthorsliteraryfeatsenablehimtoweavepoetryintheprosandbleatpersonalityandtalentbypresentingtheirinnerwoes.Inareflectionofculturalandspirituallifeofhistimethesepoemsforshadowthefuturedevelopmentsoftheplotaswellasthefateofthebookscharacters.TheelderdaughteroftheJiafamilywasnameYuanChunandshewasexultedasanimperialconsortandgrantedavisittoherfamily.ThisfamilywaswealthyandaristocraticandbuiltasplendidandmagnificentparktowelcomehersothoseheyounggirlsdeterminedBaoYumovedintothepark.Andintheirnewlivingquarterstheyenjoyedfreedomlikeneverbeforesotheytransformedtheparkintoakingdomofyouthtillitwaspassingdreamslaughterandtears.Theluxuriousparkthenbecameavenueforgatheringandaswellaspartiesbuthowevertheirheathenishlifestylekeptinterruptinglifestylesofthefamilyeventuallydrovewastheirdownfall.Theluxuriousparkbecameavenueforfrequentgatheringandfeasts,thepromulgateandcorruptinglifestyleofthefamilymanifestedineverygatheringandfeastsowedtheseedofitsruin.IburiedtheflowerpetalstodaytheylaughatmyfoolishnesswhenIdiewhowilltendmytomb.ApoemwrittenbyDaiYuherproclivityforbeingoversensitiveandsentimentalandherforlornchildhoodareembodiedinthispoem.Orphanedandwretched;shewastakeninbyhermaternalgrandmotheratayoungage.Sheisagiftedbeauty,proudaluckandeccentricbutfragileanddelicate.ThouherheartbeatsinharmonywithDaiYushewasthawedtoherlifetimepursuitofperfectlove.Owinglargelytoherexternalfactorsandpartlytoherownpersonalityflaws.Thispoemrepresentsaself-fulfillingprophecyofhertragicdestiny.AnotherheroBaoChaiistotaldifferentfromDaiYuexceptforherliterarygiftofbeauty.Shestandsoutamongherpeerasaworldlycalmsedateanelegantyoungwoman.ThouattractiveandcharmingshelackthechasedandromanticqualitiesofDaiYu.Measuredagainsttraditionalfemalevirtuesherdispositionanddemeanormakehertheperfectcandidateforthewifeofayoungaristocrat.Inanarrangedwedding,BaoYumarriedher.AtthesametimeseamingjoyfulandlivelymomentstheexhaustedanddesperateDaiYuapproachestheendoftheirlifeincompleteisolation.Inadditiontothetorturedpastbytheleadingcharacterseverysinglepersonexperiencedthereownupsanddowns.Conflictssufferingandstrugglesstartafewroadsoflifeintherewonderfullife.Andsotheparadisenolongercanstanduptotheimpactoftheoutsideworld.FinallytheJiafamilyabandonsthepalaceandthesplendorofitwaslostforever.SothisstorydepictstheriseandfalloftheJiafamilyanditsmembers.AlongwiththefamilythedecliningfameandwealththedarkanddesolateshadowiscastoverEdenwheretheyoungmembersofthefamilytakerefuge.Underthesameclearskywiththesamemoonlighthearingthesamemusicthesamepeoplesamefeastbutnotthesameatmosphere.Northesamefeelingeveryoneknowdeepintheirheartsthatthismundaneearthlybeautydelightwillsoonvanish.HavinglivedthroughaseparationanddeathandthedeclineoffamilyourheroBaoYufinallycametounderstandtheemptinessofamaterialworld.Afterhefulfilledhisfilialdutiesbymarryingchithewomenhandpickedbyhisparentsandpassinghisexaminationsforcivilservanthereturnedtohisspiritualoriginandbecameamonk.ThestoryhasnowcamefullcirclethepreciousstoneeventuallyrevertstoitsetherealaddressthetragictwisttotheendingofthebookbrakesawayfromtheshacklesoftraditionalConfucianvaluesandconventionalhappyendings.Inthedreamoftheredchambertheauthorcommunicatesthedeceptionoflifeanddenouncesthematerialworld.Hesuccessfullydepictsandportraysthecharactersandallowsthereadertoidentifywithfamilymembersfriendsandrelativesandgivethebookinfluencesthatarepositiveaswellasanoutlet.清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供英语四年级下册M 1测试题答案第一部分 听力原稿一、请从下面每个小题中选出你所听到的单词。1、machine 2、potato 3、glasses 4、wear 5、these二、听短文并在空白处填上所缺单词。This is a factory.These machines make crisps. What does this machine do,sir? It washes the potatoes. Look!This machine cuts the potatoes.Dont touch the machines,please!They are dangerous.Sorry,sir.Wear these glasses,please!And dont touchanything!三、请根据听到的短文，判断Lucy和Lily说了什么话并在对应的位置打上对号。I have two friends，and one called Lucy，the other called Lily.One day,Lucy played with me.and I said,“Dont sing here.” To her.And at that time Lily wear the hat in my mothers bedroom.笔试部分答案一、 请根据表中的单词填空。OK,sir.This machine puts the crisps in their bags.Wait!You are a very good class.Wash your hands!You can all have, a bag of crisps.Oh,thank you,sir. 二、联词成句1、Dont touch the machines,please!2、Wear these glasses,please!3、Dont write in the books!4、Dont play ball games here!三、请根据提示填空。（12分）1、喂鸭子 feed the duck 2、在草地上散步 walk on the grass 3、 玩球类游戏 play ball games 4、 唱首歌 sing a song5、 在工厂 at the factory 6、洗手 wash your hands 四、写出下列单词的复数形式。（12分）1、machine machines 2、hand hands 3、sheep sheep 4、potato potatoes 5、hero heroes 6、pen pens 一、 请翻译下面句子。(20分)1、 Dont touch the machines,please!请不要碰机器。 2、 不要在这写字！ Dont write here! 3、 Dont play ball games here!不要在这玩球类游戏 4、 This machine puts the crisps in their bags. 这个机器把薯片装到袋子里 清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供颜色类：colour 颜色 red 红色 yellow 黄色 white 白色 pink 粉红色 purple 紫色 brown 棕色 blue 蓝色 black 黑色 green 绿色 orange 橘红色、橙色数字类：one 1 two 2 three 3 four 4 five 5 six 6 seven 7 eight 8 nine 9 ten 10 eleven 11 twelve 12 thirteen 13 fourteen 14 fifteen 15 sixteen 16 seventeen 17 eighteen 18 nineteen 19 twenty 20 twenty-one 21 thirty 30 forty 40 fifty 50 sixty 60 seventy 70 eighty 80 ninety 90first (1st ) 第一 second (2nd ) 第二 third (3rd ) 第三课程类：Chinese 语文 English 英语 P. E. 体育 math 数学 music 音乐 art 美术 science 科学天气类：weather 天气 rainy 下雨的 sunny 晴朗的 snowy 下雪的 windy 刮风的 cloudy 多云的warm 温暖的 cold寒冷的 cool 凉爽的 hot 炎热的动物类：rabbit 兔子 cat 猫 dog 狗 duck 鸭子 pig 猪 panda 熊猫 bird 鸟 hen母鸡 cow 奶牛 lamb 羊羔goat 山羊 sheep 绵羊 horse 马 bear 熊 giraffe长颈鹿 monkey 猴子donkey驴 kangaroo 袋鼠lion 狮子 tiger 老虎 deer 鹿 squirrel 松鼠 snake 蛇 whale 鲸 fish 鱼 mouse 老鼠 elephant 大象水果类：apple 苹果 pear 梨 orange 橘子banana 香蕉 grapes 葡萄 watermelon 西瓜 strawberry 草莓食物类：fish鱼 beef牛肉 chicken鸡肉 rice米饭 noodles面条 tofu豆腐 tomato西红柿 potato土豆 cucumber黄瓜 carrot萝卜 eggplant茄子 bread面包 egg蛋 green beans青豆 onion洋葱 tea 茶 milk 牛奶 coffee 咖啡 Coke 可乐 juice果汁味道类：tasty 可口的 yummy 好吃的 sour 酸的 sweet 甜的 salty 咸的 fresh 新鲜的 healthy 健康的服装类：pants 长裤 jeans 牛仔裤 socks短袜 shoes 鞋子 T-shirt T恤衫 shorts 短裤 dress 连衣裙 boots 靴子 shirt 衬衫 skirt裙子 jacket夹克衫职业：doctor医生；farmer农民；driver司机；nurse护士；teacher老师；accountant会计；singer歌唱家；writer作家；salesperson售货员；engineer工程师；actor男演员；actress女演员；policeman警察；artist画家；TV reporter电视台记者；student学生；cleaner清洁工时间：oclock点钟；in the morning在早上；in the afternoon 在下午；in the evening在晚上；at noon 在中午；tomorrow明天；yesterday昨天；today今天；this morning今天早上；this evening今天晚上；this afternoon今天下午；next weekend下周末；next week下周；this weekend这个周末；on the weekend在周末；usually通常；often经常；sometimes有时候；tonight今晚；never从不地点：library图书馆；school学校；pet shop宠物商店；park公园；post office邮局；cinema电影院；bookstore书店；hospital医院；science museum科学博物馆；bank银行；supermarket超市；shoe store鞋店；garden花园交通工具：train火车；bike自行车；plane飞机；car汽车；jeep吉普车；ship轮船；on foot走路；bus公共汽车；subway地铁方位词：in在里面；on在上面；under在下面；behind在后面；in front of在前面over在上面(悬空)；near在附近；turn left向左转；turn right向右转；next to与相邻；west西；east东；north北；south南；on the left在左边；on the right在右边书籍：comic book漫画书；newspaper报纸；magazine杂志；post card明信片；dictionary字典房间类：living room客厅 study书房kitchen厨房bathroom浴室bedroom卧室classroom教室用品类：ruler 尺子 pen钢笔 pencil铅笔 pencil-case 铅笔盒 book 书 bag 包 boat 小船 picture图画 board板 teachers desk 讲台桌 light 灯 kite 风筝 computer电脑 football足球家具类：mirror 镜子 end table 床头柜 closet衣柜 curtain窗帘 bed床 trash bin垃圾桶 chair椅子 desk桌子 window窗户 table 台桌 phone 电话 sofa沙发 door门floor地板 wall 墙称呼类：family家庭 father父亲 mother母亲brother兄弟sister姐妹 grandparents (外)祖父母 uncle叔叔aunt阿姨 parents父母 baby婴儿boy 男孩 girl女孩 friend 朋友描述人物的形容词：strong强壮的 thin 瘦的 tall高的 short短的，矮的 big大的 small小的 long长的 young年轻的old老的active积极的heavy重的cool酷的smart聪明 kind和蔼可亲的 strict严格的quiet安静的 funny滑稽可笑的 fat胖的星期类：Mon。星期一Tue。星期二Wed。星期三Thu。星期四 Fri。星期五 Saturday星期六 Sunday星期天 day天月份类：Jan. 一月 Feb。二月 Mar。三月 Apr。四月 May五月 June六月 July七月 Aug。八月 Sept。九月 Oct。十月 Nov。十一月Dec。十二月 date日期季节类：season 季节 spring春天 summer夏天 fall 秋天 winter冬天PEP动词词汇汇总 (按字母顺序排列)answer the phone接电话 do the dishes洗碗碟 go to bed上床睡觉become 变成 draw pictures画画 go to school上学buy购买 drink喝水 go to the cinema去看电影catch butterflies捉蝴蝶 drive驾驶 go to work上班clean the bedroom打扫卧室 eat breakfast吃早饭 go去clean the room打扫房间 eat dinner吃晚饭 have a look看一看clean打扫，清洁 eat吃 have a picnic举行野餐climb mountains爬山 empty the trash倒垃圾 have art class上美术课climb往上爬 enjoy从获得乐趣 have breakfast吃早餐collect leaves收集树叶 fall落下；跌落 have Chinese class上语文课collect stamps收集邮票 feel感觉到 have dinner吃晚饭come from来自，从来 fight大家 have English class上英语课come out露出，出现 find寻找 have lunch吃午餐come 来 fly kites放风筝 have math class上数学课cook dinner做饭 fly飞 have music class上音乐课cook the meals做饭 get off 下车 have P.E. class上体育课count insects数昆虫 get to到达 have science class上科学课dive跳水 get up起床 have吃do an experiment做实验 go hiking去远足 help帮助do homework做作业 go home回家 jump跳do housework做家务 go shopping购物 know知道do morning exercises晨练 lea