南京大学MTI英语翻译基础答案 by东哥 (2).doc

南大英语翻译答案南京大学2010-2014 MTI英语翻译基础答案2010年I. Phrase Translation1.可持续性发展 sustainable development2.安居工程 affordable housing project3.特区政府 Special Administrative Region; special district government4.全球变暖 global warming5.个人所得税 individual income tax 6.知识产权 intellectual property rights7.弱势群体 disadvantaged groups; the disadvantaged8.应试教育 exam-oriented education9.内需 domestic demand10.通货膨胀 inflation11.为促进祖国统一, 就要有适当的方法。 reunification12.搞改革,总难免要犯错误，这是历史经验证明了的。 historical experience13.海峡两岸的中国人民都是骨肉同胞。Both sides of the Taiwan Straits14.我们要有一个农林牧副渔布局合理，全面发展，能够满足人民生活和工业发展的发达的农业。Farming；Agriculture15.WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织16.EU European Union欧盟17.IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织18.APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织19.UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织20.CNN Cable News Network美国有线电视新闻网21.Pentagon 五角大楼（美国国防部）22.Globalization 全球化23.EL Nino 厄尔尼诺现象24.Apartheid 种族隔离制25.Although no longer slaves after the Civil War, American blacks took no significant art in the life ofwhite Americaexcept as servants and laborers. 美国白人26. His grandmother was agypsywoman once, but settled there when the boys mother was born. 吉普赛人27. Four days afterliftoffon July 20, the Eaglelandingcraftfell to an altitude of ten miles, then fired its rocket to slow itself out of orbit and into descent. 发射，起飞; 登陆艇28. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of theME conflicton the basis of Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territories and Arabs acknowledgement of Israels right to exist. 中东冲突II. Passage translationSectionA Chinese to EnglishIn any other week, today would merely be Thursday and the gathering of all these people the cooking and serving and cleaning a chore. But today it doesnt feel that way. The host perhaps its you stands up and asks that we give thanks, and we do, each in our own way. And what were thankful for is simply this, the food, the shelter, the company and, above all, the sense of belonging.As holidays go, Thanksgiving is in some ways the most philosophical. Today we try not to take for granted the things we almost always take for granted. We try, if only in that brief pause before the eating begins, to see through the well-worn patterns of our lives to what lies behind them. In other words, we try to understand how very rich we are, whether we feel very rich or not. Today is one of the few times most Americans consciously set desire aside, if only because desire is incompatible with the gratitude not to mention the abundance that Thanksgiving summons.Its tempting to think that one Thanksgiving is pretty much like another, except for differences in the guest list and the recipes. But it isnt true. This is always a feast about where we are now. Thanksgiving reflects the complexion of the year were in. Some years it feels buoyant, almost jubilant in nature. Other years it seems marked by a conspicuous humility uncommon in the calendar of American emotions.And this year? We will probably remember this Thanksgiving as a banquet of mixed emotions. This is, after all, a profoundly American holiday. The undertow of business as usual seems especially strong this year. The shadow of a war and misgivings over the future loom in the minds of many of us. Most years we enjoy the privacy of Thanksgiving, but this year, somehow, the holiday feels like part of a public effort to remember and reclaim for ourselves what it means to be American.That means giving thanks for some fundamental principles that should be honored every day of the year in the life of this nation principles of generosity, tolerance and inclusion. This is a feast that no one should be turned away from. The abundance of the food piled on the table should signify that there is plenty for all, plenty to be shared. The welcome we feel makes sense only if we also extend it to others.叶子南译文：在一年中其他星期，今天也只不过是个普通的星期四，所有的人聚在一起做饭上菜，清洗杯盘，少不了麻烦一番。但是今天则不感觉麻烦。主人也可能是你会站起来邀我们说一些感激的话，我们也会以自己的方式表示感激。我们感激的无非是裹腹之物、栖身之所、亲友陪伴，最重要的是那份归属感。在众多的节日里，感恩节可以说是最令人深思的节日。今天我们会开始珍视那些习以为常的东西。要是我们在未开动就餐之时祈祷片刻，我们会看到在一成不变的生活背后的真正含义。换言之，我们会觉得我们是如此富有也或者不是，我们也会认为自己是富有的。今天是难得美国人会把欲望搁置一边的几个节日之一，哪怕是因为欲望和感恩节说倡导的感恩总是格格不入，更不用说那一桌冯胜的菜肴了。人们不禁会觉得，除了宾客和菜式不同，感恩节年年依旧。然而则不然。这总是我们现在正享受的节日。感恩节反映我们这一年来的过得好坏与否。有些年这个节日是令人愉快的，几乎整个都是喜气洋洋的。有些年，它可能充满了美国人通常不会表现出来的谦卑。那么今年呢？我们可能记住的是感恩节好似一个交织着复杂情感的盛宴。毕竟，这是一个具有深远意义的美国特色节日之一。一如既往的经济衰退在今年尤显严重。战争的阴影和对未来的担忧一直盘踞在我们许多人的脑海中。很多年我们享受着感恩节带给我们的愉悦，但是今年，它像是我们和国人一起努力去记住和沉思对作为美国人来说它意味着什么。那么它意味着我们应该对一些基本原则而感恩，一些应该在这个国家生活每日被推崇的原则，也就是慷慨，容忍和包容的原则。这是一个不会有人会拒绝的节日。堆在桌上丰富的食物应该意味着还有很多可以被分享的食物。我们感受到的感激只有在别人也感激我们的时候才会显得有意义。SectionB English to Chinese上个世纪中，现代科学技术的各个部门以前所未有的速度迅猛地向前发展，科学家们在基础研究领域取得一系列突破性进展，由此产生的大量应用技术得以迅速推广，人们的生活质量大大提高，人类社会在这100年中创造出了比过去一个千年还要多的物质财富，人类社会由此呈现出空前的繁荣景象！然而，随着科学技术每个领域里的惊人进步，我们的面前展现出越来越广阔的未知世界，传统的观念和理论受到有力的冲击，新技术革命的浪潮已经并且还在引起生产组织、产业结构和社会生活的重大变革。从某种意义上说，科学技术的发展也给人类社会，尤其是给众多富有社会责任感的科学家和学者们带来了新的挑战，如何给予科学发展更多的人文关怀，如何在科学技术日新月异的时代建设一个和平友爱，保持均衡、可持续发展的绿色世界，成为当前最重要的课题之一！参考译文：In the 20th century, every division of modern science and technology advanced at an unprecedented speed. Breakthroughs were made in fundamental research fields. From the achievements in these fields, a large amount of technology derived and was quickly applied, which contributed to the dramatic improvement of human life. The wealth produced in this one hundred years exceeded the wealth accumulated in the previous one thousand years. The human society has shown an unprecedented prosperity.However, with the remarkable development in every field of science and technology, the world of unknown has gradually unveiled itself. The conventional values and principles have been challenged. The wave of the new technological revolution has triggered significant reformations in production organizations, industry structure, society and life.In a sense, the scientific and technological development has brought new challenges to humanity, especially to those responsible scientists and scholars. How to bring more humanity to scientific advancement? How to build a green world with peace and balanced, sustainable development in an age with a rocketing advancement in science and technology? Currently, these are topics of utmost importance.2011年I. Phrase Translation1.WHO: World Health Organization世界卫生组织2.CBD: Central Business District中央商业区，中心商务区3.CPU: Central Processing Unit中央处理器4.IMF:国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund) 5.ISO: International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织6.OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织7.UNESCO:联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization)8.Euromart: European Common Market欧洲共同市场9.Guiness Book of Record: 吉尼斯世界纪录10.negative population growth: 人口负增长11.the European Economic Community: 欧洲经济共同体12.World Intellectual Property Organization: 世界知识产权组织13,Global warming is believed to be the results of an enhancedgreenhouse effect.温室效应14. The English system of house buying depends initially upon agentlemans agreementbetween the buyer and the seller without any backing from the law. 君子协定15. TheI-steelis frequently used in construction.工字形钢16.安居工程:Affordable Housing Project17.不可再生资源: non-renewable resources18.多党合作制:the system of multi-party cooperation19.工业园区 industrial parks/zones20.绿色食品 green food21.泡沫经济 bubble economy22.人才流失 brain drain23.售后服务 after-sale service24.技术下乡 spread technological knowledge to farmers25.可持续发展：sustainable development26.老字号 time-honored brands；an old and famous shop or enterprise27.台湾回归祖国，完成统一大业是我们这一代人光荣的历史使命。The great cause of reunification28.学分制：Credit system29.独立关税地区：Separate customs territory30.精神文明：cultural and ideological progress; intellectual and ideological developmentII. Passage translationSectionA Chinese to EnglishThe Industrial Revolution is a long train of changes starting about 1760. It is not alone: it forms one of a triad of revolutions, of which the other two were the American Revolution that started in 1775, and the French Revolution that started in 1789. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. The Industrial Revolution is simply the English way of making those social changes. I think of it as the English Revolution.What makes it especially English? Obviously, it began in England. England was already the leading manufacturing nation. But the manufacture was cottage industry, and the Industrial Revolution begins in the villages. The men who make it are craftsmen: the millwright, the watchmaker, the canal builder, and the blacksmith. What makes the Industrial Revolution so peculiarly English is that it is rooted in the countryside?During the first half of the eighteenth century, in the old age of Newton and the decline of the Royal Society, England basked in a last Indian summer of village industry and the overseas trade of merchant adventurers. The summer faded. Trade grew more competitive. By the end of the century the needs of industry were harsher and more pressing. The organization of work in the cottage was no longer productive enough. Within two generations, roughly between 1760 and 1820, the customary way of running industry changed. Before 1760, it was standard to take work to villagers in their own homes. By 1820, it was standard to bring workers into a factory and have them overseen.参考答案：工业革命是开始于1760的一系列变革。它绝非是唯一的：它是三场革命中的一场，另外两场革命分别是始于1775的美国独立战争和始于1789年的法国大革命。把工业革命与两场政治革命放在一起来讨论似乎有些奇怪。但是事实上它们都是社会革命。工业革命只是以英国化的方式使社会发生改变，我把他看成英国革命。是什么使这次革命极其英国化？很显然，它开始于英格兰。英格兰已经是领先的生产国，但是制造业都是家庭手工业，因此工业革命在乡村开始的。发起这次革命的是一些工匠，包括造水车工匠、钟表匠、运河建造者以及铁匠。使工业革命如此英国化的因素是它植根于农村。在十八世纪上半叶，在牛顿生命的晚期，在英国皇家协会不断衰落中，英格兰的乡村工业和商业冒险家的海外贸易在最后的兴旺中大大受益。鼎盛时期开始走下坡路了，贸易竞争越来越激烈。十八世纪末，工业需求越来越严酷，越来越紧迫。家庭手工业的生产组织方式满足不了需求。两代之内，大体上从1760年到1820年，经营工业的传统方式发生了改变。在1760年前，把工作带到村民们家里做是当时的标准。到1820年，其标准是把工人带到工厂里去工作并监控他们的行为。SectionB English to Chinese中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派，这就是有名的“诸子百家”。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族传统文化有它的许多珍贵品质，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如，强调仁爱，强调群体，强调和而不同，强调天下为公。特别是“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情找，“民为邦本”，“民贵君轻”的民本思想，“己所不欲勿施于人”的待人之道，吃苦耐劳，勤俭持家，尊师重教的传统美德，世代相传。所有这些，对家庭，国家和社会起到了巨大的维系与调节作用。参考答案:The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course. More than 2,000 years ago, there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism represented by Lao Zi and ZhuangZi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term “the masters hundred schools.” The traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, on seeking harmony without uniformity and on the idea that the world is for all. Especially, patriotism as embodied in the saying”Everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country”; the populist ideas that “people are the foundation of the country” and that “people are the more important than the monarch”; the code of conduct of “Treat others as you want to be treated”. And the traditional virtues taught from generation to generation: endurance and hard working diligence and frugality in household management, and respecting teachers and valuing education. All of which have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the society.2012年I. Phrase Translation1.不可再生资源：non-renewable resources2.泡沫经济：bubble economy3.通货紧缩: deflation4.财政赤字: fiscal deficit 5.参政议政: participate in the administration and discussion of state affairs6.人才流失: brain drain7.扶贫: poverty alleviation8.春蕾计划: Spring Buds Program9.按揭贷款: mortgage loans10.网民: netizen11.用户在技术交流时，向贵方专家提出了许多问题。questions12.中国的经济是一个大问题，各级领导务必优先考虑。issue13.一座大厦如果有了白蚁，不加防治，不到十年时间，里面的地板就会被蚀蛀一空。Prevention and treatment14. 我们要有一个农林牧副渔布局合理，全面发展，能够满足人民生活和工业发展的发达的农业。Farming; agriculture15.EU: 欧盟（European Union）16.IMF: 国际货币基金组织（International Monetary Fund）17.APEC: 亚太经济合作组织(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)18.YOG: 青奥会(Youth Olympic Games)19.FIFA: 国际足球联盟（Federation Internationale de Football Association）20.ISBN: 国际标准图书编号（International Standard Book Number）21.sovereign credit rating: 主权信用评级22.webcasting: 网播，网络直播23.no smoke without fire: 无风不起浪24.look for a needle in a haystack. 大海捞针25. In thenegative, right and left, and black and white are reversed. 照片底片26. Last December, Washington Post first reported that investigations were being made in each of t-he cites, but officials refused to confirm thestory. 报道27. Slowly, Apollo 11 began to rise. The sound of the liftoffoverwhelmedthe screams of millions of spectators, many of whom now called in unison, “Go! Go! Go! Go!” 覆盖，淹没28. I had beenoverwhelmedby her beauty and her smile. 征服，俘虏29. She tried torighther husband from the charge of bribery. 摆脱，伸冤，纠正II. Passage translationSectionA Chinese to EnglishWhen scientists evaluate the connection between tornados and climate change, there are really two big questions theyre asking: First, is the 2011 tornadoes part of a trend? Has tornado activity changed along with rising global temperatures so far? Second, scientists ask whether the factors that create tornadoes have been affected by climate change, and whether those factors are likely to be affected in the future. This is where all the uncertainty comes in.For one thing, our data on tornado trends is imperfect. At first glance, you might think the number of tornadoes has increased since the 1990s. But most of that is actually the result of better technology improving our ability to spot smaller, weaker tornadoes, and to notice tornadoes in places where few people live, according to the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Bad data means that we cant reliably say whether tornado counts are increasing.So, instead, NOAA looks at the variables. Tornadoes are somewhat random things. We can find factors that are associated with tornado formationthings like moisture content in the atmosphere, quick changes in wind speed and direction, and what meteorologists call thermodynamic instability, basically mixing between layers of warm air and cooler air. But just because those factors exist doesnt necessarily mean a tornado will appear.There are many things that can affect these factors that make tornadoes more likely. Scientists have found that climate change is something that can affect tornado conditions. But when NOAA looked at data for the past 30 years worth of Aprils in the Mississippi Valley, they didnt see evidence of any trends that would mean tornado weather is already becoming more frequent.Because of that, NOAA says it would be problematic to claim the recent spate of tornadoes in the Southeast was caused by climate change. But thats not the same as saying tornadoes cant be caused by climate change. Its not the same thing as saying that climate change isnt a contributing factor. Or those tornadoes wont be caused by climate change in the future. Its not even the same as saying that, years from now, with better data and technology, we wont look back and see a trend happening that isnt obvious today. NOAAs assessment is based on indirect evidence focused on one area of one country. The big questionAre tornadoes caused by climate change?is made up of lots of little questions. And we dont know all the answers to the little questions yet.SectionB English to Chinese有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有很多的才能。人际关系就是一种善于听取别人的意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力。善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己的责任，这是对待错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度。这就是为什么许多平平庸庸的公司雇员在大调整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反到下岗。因为他们很注意处理各方面的关系，所以八面玲珑，到处有缘。而人际关系差的人往往不能处理好批评。碰到错误，他们首先想到自己，拒不承认错误，或情绪低落或大发雷霆，成为有刺的人，难以相处。参考译文：Sometimes it is interpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really count in your career. Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability ti be good listener, to be sensitive toward others needs, to take criticism well. People with skill in social relations admit their mistakes, and take their share of blame, which is a mature and responsible way to handle an error. That is why many mediocre employees survive violent corporate upheavals while people of great talent are being laid off. Sensitive in their dealing with others, they are well liked everywhere. People with poor interpersonal skills have trouble taking criticism. When confronted with a mistake, they let their ego get in the way. They deny responsibility and became moody or angry. They mark themselves as “prickly”.2013年I. Phrase Translation1.WHO:世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)2.CBD:中央商务区(Central Business District)3.YOG:青奥会(Youth Olympic Games)4.IMF:国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)5.ISO:国际标准化组织(International Standard Organization)6.OPEC:石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)7.UNESCO:联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization)8.Euromart:欧洲共同市场(European Common Market)9.Guiness Book of Record:吉尼斯世界纪录10.negative population growth:人口负增长11.the European Economic Community:欧洲经济共同体(the European Economic Community)12.World Intellectual Property Organization:世界知识产权组织13.greenhouse effect:温室效应14.gentlemans agreement:君子协定15. I-steel:工字钢；工字形钢16.和平过渡:peaceful transition17.市场准入:market access18.网民:netizen19.工业园区:industrial park20.绿色食品:green food21.泡沫经济:bubble economy22.脱口秀:talk show23.售后服务:after-sales service24.技术下乡:spread technological knowledge to farmers25.海峡两岸关系协会:Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits26.老字号:a time-honored brand;an old and famous shop or enterprise27.战略伙伴关系:strategic partnership28.留守儿童:left-behind children;stay-at-hom