Learning_to_speak大学生英语学习策略.doc

Learning to Speak 英语本科生期末课程论文论文题目： Learning to speak 学会口语表达 课程名称： 英语学习策略 学生姓名： 张逸尧 学号： 11090321 院 系： 外 国 语 学 院 英 语 系 班 级： 英本113班 序号： 21 任课教师： 付安权 职称： 副教授 提交时间： 2012 年 1 月 5 日 成 绩： 2ContentsLearning to Speak11. Introduction22. Definition22.1Whats spoken language22.2Why we learn to speak32.3Aims of learning to speak42.4 Different types of speaking are useful52.4.1Public speaking52.4.2Personalised speaking53 Common Problems and Incorrect Things and Solutions53.1Common problems54 Steps Over 4 Main Barriers74.1Pronunciation74.2 Sentence patterns74.3Vocabulary84.4Intonation85 Tips95.1Language input strategies95.2Language output skills106 Summaries11Works Cited12iLearning to SpeakZhang YiyaoAbstract: The study of spoken English is one of the most noticeable research problems in current English study and teaching. In this paper, speaking strategies and skills are introduced. Firstly, the necessity of learning to speak is discussed, including what is spoken language, why we learn to speak, what is our purpose, and different types of speaking are useful for students. Secondly, it lists common problems and some incorrect things most learners are faced and some skills to solve problems when you are making public speaking, personalized speaking and group speaking. Thirdly, there are 3 barriers we need to step over. At last, tips to problems are given, including language input strategies, language output skills.Key words: Spoken English Intonation Speaking Skills TipsLearning to speakFLC 2011(03) (English) Zhang Yiyao1. IntroductionAs an English major student who wants to do her major job well, I need the capability to help enriching my major study. When I come to learn to speak it out loudly, I found it is not simple like my assumption. I need more but not merely the hope unrealistic. It is the point to solving these problems.2. Definition2.1Whats spoken languageSpoken language is the language of oral communication, which is first used as common language form and every nation has its own spoken language. Spoken language is usually transmitted through sound, as needed, and also in words spoken narrative in literary works. Speaking is flexible and vary based on occasions and speakers are free to use, because the speakers and listen live, this play not only affects the listener understands sometimes, against more vividly reflected speaker mentality, or make the language simple. In language learning, spoken is the best medium to reflect the level of learning outcomes and, in turn, learn spoken and is conducive to language learning. In English language learning, to speech or other games, we all need to improve their speaking ability. 2.2Why we learn to speakLearning to speak well may be the best thing you can do to improve your life. Thats right. Dont you think it would be fun to have access to information that other people cant get? Talk and write letters to interesting people that others cant communicate with? Impress people around you whenever you opened your mouth? Make big jumps in your career, leaving others miles behind? Learning to speak can bring you all these. To some degree, learning to speak means learning to speak English. There is an idea of learning to speak English. In his opinion, all traditional learning methods are futile. And his words are as follows:Most college graduates still cant speak fluent English.This proves English students arent learning.Some people seem to speak English well.Chinese think these people speak great EnglishBecause they dont know the difference.American thinks these people speak great English becauseThey are non-native English speakers anyway.Dont think you can learn English by hanging around Americans.Dont think you can master English by going abroad.Why? Because what you learn is vague and limited.You pick up a little here today.You pick up a little there tomorrow.You end up saying almost the same thing every day.English is like an ocean.There is no limit to what you can learn.You cannot learn aimlessly.You should learn to speak first.Make speaking English your number one priority.Once you start to speak, the rest will be easy.Learning to speak English is not a big deal.Its not that difficult.Its no more than a speaking technique.Its just like children learning to speak.They mimic their mothers voices.When theyre alone, they speak to themselves.We started off the wrong way right from the beginning.We dont need to learn grammar.We dont need to analyze sentences.Children dont need to learn how to write.They dont need to learn K.K. phonetics.They dont even need to learn the ABCsbefore they can speak English.All you have to do is listen to the CD and follow it.Learn through intense repetition.Speak to yourself from dawn to dust.With this method, youll enjoy speaking English.Youll discover its lots of fun.It will become your passion.Youll enjoy interacting.Youll look forward to meeting people.Breaking the ice will be a piece of cake.Youll feel English is an art.Youll speak like an artist.Your words will be like paint on canvas.One Breath English is the best way.Its a great shortcut.The results speak for themselves.You have to try.You owe it to yourself.It will be the best decision you ever made.It is just a personal idea, but it shows us how important it is to learn to speak during learning a new language. And just as his words, learning to speak is an art, we should try to do it enjoyable and skillful.2.3Aims of learning to speakThe basic purpose of us to study spoken language is to communicate with people, able to articulate their thoughts and ideas, and learn through oral communication, and learn more about what you want to learn. At the same time we can also express their expectations of the intuitive. By spoken language learning will allow us to understand the language more deeply, arouse our enthusiasm and motivation in learning and achieve better results. 2.4 Different types of speaking are useful2.4.1Public speakingPublic speaking is useful for students. Most people, at some point in their life, will need to stand up and speak in front of a group of people. Teaching students the necessary skills for doing this will therefore help them to do this more successfully. As a result of the practice, students often report an increase in general confidence as well as a marked sense of achievement. Many students get incredibly nervous the first time they have to do a speech in front of their classmates but with practice the nerves subside and they usually begin to enjoy the whole process.Working on public speaking also helps to develop students overall fluency and requires them to consider how they speak as well as what they say. This is useful for speaking in any situation, public or otherwise.2.4.2Personalised speakingPersonalized speaking means peer listening and sharing real life experiences and it can promote emotional exchanges, enhance mutual understanding and so on. The most important result of regularly using such techniques in the language classroom is an increase in reciprocal self-disclosure. In other words students tell each other about their thoughts, feelings and experiences in greater depth and detail. The more one tells, the more the other tells, so leading to deep interpersonal sharing. It follows that students involve themselves more in each others lives, so the classroom becomes a social meeting place as well as a learning environment. In turn there is a positive impact on group cohesion and dynamics. Whats the most important is that during this, students get personalized speaking exercise.3 Common Problems and Incorrect Things and Solutions3.1Common problemsLack of confidenceThis is very common and one that only practice, practice and more practice will help to overcome. You can try to firstly speak in front of three or four others, then adding to the number as you become more confident. Reminding yourself to breathe properly while youre speaking as well as thinking positively about your ability to speak well will also help, along with lots of encouragement!Speaking too fastThis is another common one, usually caused by nerves. Try yourself to do the introduction of the speech in an exaggeratedly slow manner. Once they you done this a few times you may find it easier to find a middle ground.Boring speechesIts really important to think carefully about your audience when planning your speech. For example, if you want to do a speech about the dangers of smoking, but no one in the class smokes, this probably wont be very interesting. Encourage yourself to think of creative ideas for your speeches - do the planning stage in class so that others can monitor and give advice on topics that look like you might get a few yawns.Plagiarism of materialThis is a very common problem. This then increases the chances of them being more original with the delivery. Another option is to collect in the speeches and run whole sentences through an internet search engine to see if it comes up with anything. You should do it yourself to make sure it is your own work and you will find you have more progress. Common Incorrect Practice(1) When I am buying books on spoken English, I always buy the expensive ones because these books should be more authoritative. There is no doubt that its totally wrong. Price doesnt mean value all the time, there is nothing has positive connection between quality and price, whether it is suitable to you is the most important thing.(2) In speaking English classes, I cannot listen to a Chinese teacher of English attentively because foreign teachers are better than Chinese teachers of English. No matter he is a Chinese or a English, you should learn from him if he is better than you. Just as Confucius once said: three lines, there must be my teacher behavior.” (3) I seldom memorize English drills and vocabulary because I think it is meaningless for improving speaking ability. More preparation may quicken the speed in doing work. Only lay a good foundation can be further improved. If there is no vocabulary and grammar, and other infrastructure, how can we learn to speak well?(4) I seldom speak English in class, because one class lasts only 40 to 45 minutes, and I dont have any chance to speak. Whats more, I can practice more after class. You could not pass up any chance of practicing your spoken English. And 40 minutes is a relatively long period time. Try to think about it that who can speak English with you for so long and so good at speaking. All in all, class is an extremely valuable opportunity to exercise your ability, never give up.4 Steps Over 4 Main Barriers4.1PronunciationPronunciate accurately and clearly, is the first barrier. People living in the Chinese environment, who wants to master a foreign languages accurate pronunciation, need to go through a process when you are pursuing painstakingly. You must have a period of paying attention to the mouth and points of articulation. No matter to reluctantly, and exaggerated, just as Beijing Opera Recitative, excessive to bite. After you form correct pronunciation habits, your sound can gradually become natural. We hear foreigners speak Chinese, only feel accuracy and amazing for their pronunciation, instead of think it is bad for they are harder than Chinese when speak Chinese. Without deliberate pursuit of stage nature, that sound is neither or the other, generally a bit like, but not the correct sound. Some sounds are not accurate, mainly for the mouth shapes, and positions are not in place. As “th” is a special pronunciation of English, many people read it as s, think closer, however, it is wrong. Even some Chinese teacher taught: reading the tone of this tongue should be, but not stretch out or foreigners can understand as well. Doesnt she is teaching students Chinese-style English? If you dont own standard pronunciation, it is hard to tell if others pronunciation is accurate or not. Pass sound level strictly, and meticulously practicing, if you just want to easily leave, you can not learn something correctly. 4.2 Sentence patterns Sentence pattern is an important element in establishing foreign language context in your minds. The requirement of mastering sentence patterns is not only keeping enough sentences in the brain storage, but you can flexibly using it when you want to fetch. English has many specific scenes, atmosphere, and the specific sentence patterns of them. You can use these sentences spoken to express different requirements and emotions such as comfort, accuse, excitement, anger and so on. This type of sentence pattern is generally very short; mostly simple sentence, but it can express a variety of situations. To be fluent, you must be familiar with and master the various specific sentences under specific conditions to form a language ability to respond quickly to specific scenes. The way to master the sentence patterns are recitations and impromptu talks. It is vital to a language leaner to recite good articles, good sentences. You can make a lot of good sentences based on a good one, and your spoken English will go up to the next level: If we go to recite 50 sentences, you will enter a new realm of spoken. An old saying says, Read the 300 Tang poems, not verse will chant talking to you about this. Skilled sentence of the second method is impromptu speech. The wider the range of speech is, the better. All topics can be a good choice. And you should try your best to use the sentence patterns learned. Primarily to overcome low self-esteem and shy, bold open your mouths, to communicate in English in a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere, introduce the topic in their familiar topics and expressions.4.3VocabularyThe third step to improve your spoken English ability of Commissioner of customs is vocabulary. Vocabulary is the key to resolving your expression “good or not”. Mastering the vocabulary can be meaningful only on the basis of the sentence. In terms of vocabulary, you need to remember some of the commonly used words, nasty words. By frequency of use and use range, approximately 5,000 words would have been sufficient for daily oral communication. Spoken language is different from writing, common in the colloquial vocabulary, mostly simple spelling, pronunciation, fluency, mostly minor term, commonly used words, simple words. There are some universal terms, such as “go, make, do”, usage of these words spoken in very active, lively expression and concisely, meaning exceedingly rich. Mastering a dozen of such words, we can form a variety of sentences, exchanges easily spoken.4.4IntonationPronunciation and intonation are English majors face, as long as sounds correct, clear speech, others can understand requirement cannot keep up with developments and needs of the times. Outline on spoken in eight degree requirement is sounds right; natural tone; fluent. And I thought the pronunciation had to set strict demands on themselves, seeking to voice standards, towards the ethnic English accent to reach the accurate and natural and smooth reunification.Teaching speech has different standards. English pronunciation is made up of United Kingdom English and United States English pronunciation system. We have been accepting RP (Received Pronunciation) way of teaching for years. But now, with the influence of a variety of reasons, when I am in College oral reselect specifications preferred select American English. The following reasons: (1) United States political, economic, and cultural impact of the growing, (2) American English textbooks, hearing the tape and visual materials, such as increasing, particularly film and television material, reputation for learning brought a lot of convenience. And in my college life, I need to change my own intonation to meet the different standard. In my intonation class, Vikki teaches me American intonation and I learn to speak it with my biggest effort.5 Tips 5.1Language input strategiesA solid linguistic foundation is crucial to improving spoken English. Accurate and clear pronunciation, few grammar mistakes, appropriate vocabulary contribute to successful communication. All in all, we need to strengthen our foundation.When speaking, pay special attention to the different situations. There is a scale of styles in the use of English. You should know whether the situation is suit for formal or informal language.Learning to use the various resourcesThere are 3 main resources to learn English: library, dictionaries and Internet. When we use library, we must know some steps as follows:1) Know how to get a list of books about learning speak books to search in the library.2) Learn to use the card catalogue and find the book.3) Learn to use periodical indexes to find an article.4) Learn to take research notes.And then is the dictionaries, which are not so useful for learning speak, but its a method cant be ignored in learning a new language.Last but not the least, as time goes by, we cant live without Internet gradually. As English majors, we are more concerned with two major uses of the Internet: for English l