测控技术与仪器专业英语单词句子整理.doc

1.acquisition of information 信息采集2.object of measurement 测量目标3.measurand 被测物理量，被测对象4.measurement result 测量结果5.qualitative measurement 质量测量6.quantitative measurement 数量测量7.measurement process 测量过程8.theorem 定理，法则9.hypothesis 假说，假设，学说10.single-value 单值 11.monotonic function 单调函数12.measurement constitute 测量组成13.physical quantity 物理量14.electrical potential difference 电势差15.electrical current 电流16.electrical resistance 电阻17.capacitance 电容18.inductance 感应系数19.frequency 频率20.mutual induction 互感21.thermostat 自动调温器22.parasitic quantity 寄生量，附加量23.random errors 随机误差24.systematic errors 系统误差25.OSP oscilloscope 示波器26.rms root-mean-square 均方根27.quantitative data 定量数据28.qualitative data 定性数据29.empirical data 经验数据30.processed data 已处理过的数据31.theoretical calculations 理论计算32.theoretical model 理论模型33.data processing 数据处理34.data reduction 数据简化35.measurement strategy 测量策略36.frequency spectrum 频谱37.coherent sampling 相干采样38.amplitude distribution function 振幅分布函数39.multiplex 多路操作40.inaccurate calibration 不准确的刻度41.mismatched impedance 不匹配的阻抗42.response-time error 反应时间误差43.histogram 直方图，柱状图，矩形图44.observational data 观测数据45.descriptive statistic 描述性统计46.statistical inference 统计性推论47.distribution of value 数据分布48.sample mean 样本均值49.performance check 性能检查50.tolerance limit 公差极限51.lower range limit 范围下限52.upper range limit 范围上限53.dead band 死区54.measured variable 被测变量55.sinusoidal signal 正弦信号56.amount of drift 漂移量57.recovery time 回复时间58.saturation effect 饱和效应59.zero drift 零点漂移60.sensitivity drift 敏感性漂移61.static characteristics 静态特征62.hysteresis 滞后现象63.tabular form 表格形式64.graphical form 图解形式65.controller 控制器66.sensor 传感器67.closed-loop 闭环68.open-loop 开环69.feedback 反馈70.regulator system 调节器系统71.follow-up system 随动系统72.actuator 执行器73.numerical control 数值控制74.batch control 批量控制75.sequential control 连续控制76.time-sequential control 时间顺序控制77.event-sequential control 事件顺序控制78.block diagram 方框图79.phase difference 相位差80.phase angle 相位角81.direct current 直流82.frequency response 频率响应83.control mode 控制模型84.proportional mode 比例模型85.integral mode 积分模型86.derivative mode 微分模型87.manual control 手动控制88.external signal 外部信号89.on-off control 开关控制90.bumpless transfer 无扰动切换91.pattern recognition 模式识别92.tagging of instrument 仪器标志93.general instrument symbol 通用仪器标志94.control valve 控制阀95.level transmitter 液位变送器 96.maintenance tracking 跟踪维护97.material handling 原料处理98.computer-assisted simulation 计算机辅助仿真99.hierarchical structure 递阶结构，层次结果100.myriad clone 大量复制101.relay 继电器102.Boolean programming method 布尔编程方法103.LCD liquid crystal display 液晶104.internal register 内部寄存器105.arithmetic unit 算术单元106.logic unit 逻辑单元107.operation manual 操作指南108.system integrator 系统集成器109.industrial relay 工业继电器110.system expansion 系统扩展111.user manual 用户手册112.computer analysis 计算机分析113.power assist 辅助动力114.master control 主控制115.process progress 进程116.compatibility 兼容性117.communication standard 通信标准118.ISO international standards organization 国际标准化组织119.OSI open systems interconnection 开放式系统互联120.communication network architecture 通信网络层121.communication sophistication 通信混合系统122.allowable bandwidth 允许的带宽123.fieldbus 现场总线124.interoperability 互用性，协同工作的能力125.distributed real-time system 分布式实时系统126.pyramidal model 金字塔模型127.operational architecture 操作体系结构128.horizontal traffic 水平通信129.vertical traffic 垂直通信130.robustness 鲁棒性131.QoS quality of service 服务质量132.ATC air traffic control 空中交通管制133.barometric 大气压力134.altermetry 测高学135.troposphere 对流层136.galaxy 银河系137.luminous flux 光通量138.pupil 瞳孔139.retina 视网膜140.acceleration 加速度141.velocity 速度142.temperature 温度143.gravitational 重力的144.impedance 阻抗，全阻抗145.hybrid 混合物146.strain 过度疲劳，紧张，张力，应变147.thermometer 温度计，体温计148.calibrate 校准149.bandwidth 带宽150.mapping 映射，绘制地图，计划151.lubricating oil 润滑油152.heuristic 启发式的153.parameter 参数，参量154.spectrum 光，光谱155.vibration 振动156.collision 碰撞，冲突157.phase 相位158.encoding 译码器，编码器159.decoding 解码器160.multiplexing 多路技术161.protocol 协议，草案162.truckline 主干163.duplex 双工164.router 路由器165.gateway 网关166.interact 互相作用，互相影响167.stack 栈，堆栈168.CIM computer integrated manufacturing 计算机集成制造169.PC personal computer 个人电脑170.PLC programmable logic controller 可编程逻辑控制器171.I/O input/output 输入/输出172.CNC computer numerical control 计算机数字控制系统173.CRT cathode ray tube 阴极射线管174.CPU control processing unit 中央处理器175.DC direct current 直流176.AC alternating current 交流177.ASCII American standard code for information interchange 美国信息交换标准码178.IEC international electro technical commission 国际电工委员会179.MAP manufacturing automation protocol 制造自动化协议180.SDS smart distributed system 分布式智能系统181.signal transducer 信号变送器 182.temperature transducer 温度变送器183.flow transmitter 流量变送器184.pressure transmitter 压力变送器1. In the following, we will define measurement as the acquisition of information in the form of measurement result, concerning characteristics, states or phenomena (the measurand) of the world that surrounds us, observed with the aid of measurement systems (instruments).在下文中，我们将测量定义为以测量结果表现形式的信息采集，包括周围世界的性质，状态、现象（被测量）通过测量系统观察获得。2. Measurement theory treats measurements as a mapping of elements of a source set belonging to the empirical domain space(see Fig.1.1)onto the elements of an image(or outcome)set which is part of the abstract range(or image)space.测量理论把测量理解为属于经验域空间的源集的元素到作为一个抽象范围（或称影像）空间的一部分的影像集元素的映射。3. Error is the difference between the true or best accepted value of some quantity and the measured value.误差是真实量或者最理想量与测量值的差。4. Precision is a measure of the repeatability of a series of data points taken in the measurement of some quantity.精度是指在一些量的测量中采取对一些数据点的重复测量。5. Recall that resolution was defined in the previous section as the minimum discernible change in the measur and that can be detected.分辨率在前面部分被定义为在测量中检测到的最小可分辨的变化。6. These could be caused by inaccurate calibration, mismatched impedances, response-time error, nonlinearities, equipment malfunction, environmental change, and loading effects. 系统误差是由于不准确的校准，不匹配的阻抗，反应时间误差，非线性，设备故障，环境改变和载荷效应所引起的。7. The best way to detect the presence of a systematic error is to repeat the measurement with a completely different technique using different instruments.检测系统误差的最好方法是用不同的仪器和完全不同的方法重复测量。8. Random errors(also called accidental errors)tend to vary in both directions from the true value by chance. 随机误差（也称偶然误差）往往是在真值的各幅度范围内随机变化获得。9. These errors are unpredictable and occur because of a number of factors that determine the outcome of a measurement. 这些误差的发生是不可预知的，偶然的，因为由许多因素决定了一个测量的结果。10. Random errors are generally small and may be caused by electrical noise、interference、vibration gain variation of amplifiers, leakage currents, drift, observational error, or other environmental factors.随机误差一般较小并且可能是由电噪声、干扰、放大性增益变化、泄漏电流、漂移、观测误差或者其他环境因素造成。11. The best way to reduce random errors is to make repeated measurements and use statistical techniques to determine the uncertainty of the final result. 减少随机误差最好的方法就是重复测量和使用统计学技术来确定最终结果的不确定性。12. To calibration an instrument, the person doing the calibration should consider the limits of accuracy of the instrument to be calibrated, the methods that will be used to ensure that the required accuracy can be obtained, and the accuracy of the standard of instrument used as a reference.标定一台仪器，标定的人需要考虑被标定仪器的准确度极限，使用能确保待测准确度的可测性的方法，并且用标准仪器的准确度作为参考。13. The range is defined by the lower range limit and the upper range limit.As the names imply, the range consists of all values between the lower range limit and the upper range limit.范围的定义是范围下限和范围上限。如名称所示，范围由范围下限与范围上限两者间的所有值组成。14. Drift is an undesirable change over a specified period of time.漂移是指在特定时间内发生的不理想的变化。16. The environment of a measuring instrument includes ambient temperature, ambient pressure, fluid temperature, fluid pressure, electromagnetic fields, acceleration, vibration, and mounting position.测量装置的环境包括周围环境温度、环境压力、流体温度、流体压力、电磁场、加速度、震动及安装的位置。17. Control systems are classified in a number of different ways. They are classified as closed-loop or open-loop, depending on whether or not feedback is used. They are classified as analog or digital, depending on the nature of the signalscontinuous or discrete. They are divided into regulator systems and follow-up systems, depending on whether the setpoint is constant or changing. They are grouped into process control systems or machine control systems, depending on the industry they are used inproce