英语五种基本句型及练习

精品文档 1欢迎下载 英语简单句的五种基本句型英语简单句的五种基本句型 简单句 简单句 只包含一个主语 或并列主语 和一个谓语 或 并列谓语 的句子 称作简单句 简单句的基本句型 简单句的基本句型 简单句有以下5种基本句型 1 1 主语 主语 不及物动词不及物动词 例 It is raining heavily My tooth aches 翻译 1 他昨天锻炼了 2 这只鸭子正在游泳 3 这个女孩儿跳舞好 4 风筝在天上飞 2 2 主语 主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语 例 They enjoy the play I met John in the street yesterday 翻译 1 他喜欢篮球比赛 2 他每天打电脑游戏 3 她正在弹吉他 4 他们经常放风筝 3 3 主语 主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 例 He is out Jenny is fine It looks like rain soon 翻译 1 他是美国人 2 苹果尝起来味道很好 3 树变绿了 4 你的主意听起来不错 4 4 主语主语 及物动词及物动词 双宾语双宾语 例 He bought her a watch The sun gives us light 翻译 1 他给我讲了个故事 2 他们送给我一个礼物 3 我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车 4 我同学借给我了一本字典 注意注意 双宾语一个指人 即间接宾语 另一个指物 即直接宾语 一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面 有 时它们也可交换位置 这是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介 词 to 或 for 常见的双宾语结构 bring sb sth bring sth to sb give sb sth give sth to sb hand sb sth hand sth to sb leave sb sth leave sth to sb lend sb sth lend sth to sb pass sb sth pass sth to sb return sb sth return sth to sb send sb sth send sth to sb show sb sth show sth to sb tell sb sth tell sth to sb write sb sth write sth to sb buy sb sth buy sth for sb do sb sth do sth for sb get sb sth get sth for sb make sb sth make sth for sb pay sb sth pay sth for sb sing sb sth sing sth for sb 5 5 主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语 补足语补足语 例 He told me to clean my room I I sawsaw herher dancing dancing 翻译 1 我们老师要求我们每天读英语 2 他总是使我笑 3 我发现这部电影有趣 非谓语动词非谓语动词 非谓语动词非谓语动词 构成 toto 动词原形动词原形 动词不定式动词不定式 非 在句中的作用 除谓语动词外的任何成分 谓 构成 V ingV ing 语 动名词动名词 动 用法 主 宾 表 定 词 构成 V ing V ed 规则变化 分词 用法 表 补 定 状 一 动名词 一 动名词 一 动名词的构成 动名词一般由 动词原形动词原形 ing ing 构 成 注意注意 英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语 我们初 中阶段常见的有 finish mind be worth be busy practice have fun have trouble problem in spend in feel like be used to 习惯于 give up keep on consider suggest can t help 我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词 完成实践值得忙 finish practice be worth be busy 继续习惯别放弃 keep on be used to give up 考虑建议不禁想 consider suggest can t help feel like 喜欢思念要介意 enjoy miss mind 1 动词不定时的构成 不定时的基本形式为 to to 动词原形动词原形 有时可以不用 to 这里的 to 是不定式符号 本身无词义 动词不定 式的否定形式是 not not to to 动词原形 动词原形 精品文档 2欢迎下载 2 动词不定式的句法功能 1 不定式作主语作主语 动词不定式作主语时 常用 it 作形式主语 而将真正 的主语放在句末 其结构为 It be adj It be adj for for ofof sb sb 动词不定动词不定 式式 如 To learn English well is useful It is useful to learn English well It s important for us to protect the environment 注意 在 kindkind goodgood nicenice cleverclever 等表示人的品 质的形容词后 不用 for 而用 of 如 It s very kind of you to help me 你帮助我真是太好 啦 It s very clever of you to do like that 你那样做真 是太聪明啦 2 不定式作宾语作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语 常见的这类词 是表示命令 打算或希望表示命令 打算或希望的 如 wouldwould like like like like want want wish wish hope hope decide decide plan plan expectexpect 等 如 Would you like to see a film this evening 你今 晚想去看电影吗 在 find find thinkthink 后跟不定式作宾语时 常用 it 代替 而将真正的宾语放在后面 如 I find it easy to read English every day 常见的一些不带 to 的动词不定式 WhyWhy notnot do do WhyWhy don tdon t youyou do do hadhad betterbetter notnot do do wouldwould ratherrather do do could would willcould would will youyou pleaseplease notnot do do I would rather stay in the room 我宁愿待在房间 里 3 不定式作宾语补足语宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系 如 Lucy asked him to turn down the radio 露西让他 关小收音机 tell ask want allow get would like encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语 如 My mother encourages me to learn Japanese 我妈 妈鼓励我学日语 注意 还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补 这时不定式要省略 to 这些动词有 一感 一感 feelfeel 二听 二听 hear hear listenlisten toto 三让 三让 let let make make havehave 四看 四看 looklook at at see see watch watch noticenotice 但变被动语态时 必须加上变被动语态时 必须加上 toto 如 My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整 夜 4 不定式作定语作定语 不定式作定语时 应放在名词之后 There is nothing to worry about 没有什么可 担心的 Beijing is a good place to visit 5 不定式常和疑问词常和疑问词 what what which which when when where where howhow 连连 用用 相当于一个宾语从句 如 The teacher is telling the students whatwhat toto dodo 老师正告诉学生们做什么 He didn t know wherewhere toto gogo 他不知道去哪里 例题例题 1 Tom s mother told him eating too much meat A stopping B to stop C stops D stopped 2 We don t know it next Let s go and ask Mr Li A what to do B to do what C whether to do D to do whether 3 How kind you are You always do what you can me A help B helping C to help D helps 4 Drivers shouldn t be allowed after drinking or they will break the law A drive B driving C to drive 5 Water Park is a good place A to have fun B have fun C having fun D to have a fun 6 Take time to relax by listening to music reading a book or just spending some time alone Relaxing allows you to your studies with more energy A return B to return C returning 7 Nick would you mind those old jeans They look terrible A not to wear B not wear 精品文档 3欢迎下载 C wearing not D not wearing 8 a volunteer is great I think so Some of us want volunteers for the London Olympics A Being being B To be being C Being to be D To be to be 9 Don t forget your history and politics books tomorrow morning Thanks I won t A bring B to bring C bringing 10 What about a rest OK Let s go out and have a walk A to take B takes C taking 11 I like this set of sofa so much but I don t know it in my small house You re supposed to put it in the living room A where to put B why to put C how to put 12 While we were running on the playground Jack suddenly stopped and lay on the ground so we all stopped what was wrong with him A to run to see B running seeing C running to see 13 May I have a rest I have already finished the report A write B writing C to write D written 14 I feel a bit hungry now Why not for dinner with us A go B did you go C to go D do you go 练习练习 1 Granny often tells us water in our daily life A save B saving C to save D saves 2 Richard turned off the computer after he had finished the email A write B to write C writing D wrote 3 We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet Really Will you please show me it A how to use B what to use C how can I use D what can I use 4 Where s your brother now Bob I saw him in the street a moment ago and I told him A playing don t do so B playing not to do so C play to do so 5 As teenagers we re old enough with housework We can help set the table wash the dishes and clean our own rooms A to help B helping C helped 6 Nancy is really a hard working student We often see her books in the classroom A read B to read C reads 7 Mrs Smith made her students the compositions three times a week A write B to write C written D writing 8 Tom often makes his sister but yesterday he was made by his sister A cry to cry B to cry cry C cry cry D to cry to cry 精品文档 4欢迎下载 9 You d better too much time playing computer games A don t spend B not to spend C to not spend D not spend 10 More and more young people are trying to do something the old A served B to serve C serve D serves 11 Why not an English club to practice English A to join to speak B join speaking C join to speak D to join speaking 12 When we came to the gate he stopped me go in first A to let B to tell C to allow D to ask 13 She saw some boys soccer on the playground when she was on the way to the classroom A played B to play C playing 14 How about going shopping this weekend Peter Sorry I prefer rather than A to stay at home go out B to go out stay at home C staying at home go out D Going out stay at home 15 It s a good habit every day A to keep doing exercise B to stay up late C to make much noise D to too much 16 It s hot Would you mind my the window Do it as you like please A to open OK B opening Certainly not C closing Of course D Open Good idea 17 Who do you think you d like with you a boy or a girl A to let to go B letting to go C to let go D let go 18 The house was so dirty They decided A clean it up B to clean it up C clean up it D cleaning up 19 I heard someone the door and A open come in B to open to come in C open come into D to open to come into 20 The girl was heard the piano in the next room A plays B to play C played D play II 选择填空 41 I m thirsty Will you get me something A drink B to drink C eat D eating 42 How long did you spend your new hou se yesterday A to decorate B decorate C decorating D decorated 43 It was great fun a picnic on the h ill A to have B of having C have D had 44 Lily keep the window The sandstorm hasn t stopped yet OK I ll do that A close B closed C open D op ened 45 A policeman saw two thieves a girl s mobile phone on a bus and he caught them a t once A to steal B stealing C stole D stolen 精品文档 5欢迎下载 46 It s bad for your eyes computer games for a long time A plays B to play C play D played 47 The scientist suggested the experim ent in a different way A do B to do C doing D done 48 Do you often hear John in his room Yes Listen Now we can hear him in his r oom A sing to sing B singing singing C sing singing D to sing singing 50 Why not A let him to go home B to let him go home C let him go home D to let him to go home 51 They were made fourteen hours a day A work B working C worked D to work 52 Is it always easier friends than to keep them A making B make C to make D made 53 He stood there for two hours the ga me A watched B watching C is watching D was watching 54 It Jack twenty minutes the math pr oblem yesterday A took to work out B takes worked out C has taken work out D is taking workin