academic writing1

Academicwriting CourseIntroduction FeaturePractice orientedReadmore thinkmoreandwritemore Majoraimsofwritinggraduationthesis TheabilitytoselectsignificantresearchquestionsTheabilitytolocateandreviewpreviousresearchTheabilitytomakeyourownanalysisinresearchTheabilitytoexpressthingsappropriatelyinEnglishTheabilitytofollowthescholarlystyleandformat Learntofollowstylisticcustomsinacademicwriting chooseappropriatetenseandtomakeyourwritingobjectiveintoneandyourpapercoherentinstructure Example Hence afterreviewingandgoingthroughthepapersandresearchesinthisfield Inoticealackofinvestigationincomparingtobetweeninfinitiveandpreposition Therefore Iinquireintothemeaningsofquietafewphrasesthatcoulduse to asbothinfinitiveandpreposition Duringthisprocess acommonrulethatwhenuse to asinfinitive thephrasesalwayspointtothestraightforwardmeaning whileindicatingextendedmeaningwhenusetoaspreposition Majorfeaturesofgraduationthesis NarrowtopicTrytowritemoreandmoreaboutlessandlessMulti sourcesIfyoucopyfromoneperson youarestealing Ifyouarecopyingfromahundredpeople youaredoingresearch ObjectiveintoneNoplagiarism Rememberthatmanyresearchpapersareunsuccessfulbecausetheycovertoomuchground i e theyaretoobroadinscope tooshallowintreatment Yourthesisshouldshowthatyouhavemadedetaileduseofseveraldifferentsources Whateverpointsyoumakeshouldrequirecarefulsiftingandcomparingofevidencefromdifferentandpossibleconflictingsources Inacademicwriting yourtoneandattitudetowardsyoursubjectshouldbeserious butnotironicorflippant Humorous casualorconversationalapproachesareusuallyinappropriateforresearchpaper Avoidfirst personpronounssuchasIthink asIknow Ibelieve inmyopinion theyimplyuncertainty Youmayuseandyouareencouragedtouseothers wordsorideasbutyouarenotpermittedtotaketheirsasyours Youmayquote paraphrase translateandsummarizeothers ideas Butyouneedtellclearlyinyourpaperwhereyoutakeit CourseRequirements Failifabsentmorethan1 3ofallclasseswithoutreasons50 usualscore50 finalexam paperwriting TopicselectingBackgroundreadingNotetakingthesisstatementOutlineFirstdraftFinaldraftBibliographyAbstractformat Thesisstatement Athesisstatementisasinglesentence usuallywiththetopicofthepaperasthegrammaticalsubject Thepresentthesisattemptstoexplain argue demonstrate analyze that becauseof and PragmaticMetaphor Thepresentpaperattemptstoapplyrecenttheoriesoflinguistics systemicfunctionallinguisticsinparticular totheanalysisofmetaphoricaluseoflanguageatthepragmaticlevel i e pragmaticmetaphor Thepaperwillfirstdefine pragmaticmetaphor andthenexaminetwomajorkindsofpragmaticmetaphors dysphemisticmetaphorsandeuphemisticmetaphors TheComedyofMacbeth ItisclearthatShakespearecreatestheseuneasycomicsituationsinMacbethdeliberately toemphasizetheabsurdityoftheworldcreatedbytheMacbethsaftertheydecidetomurderKingDuncan Stepsofpaperwriting 1 topicselection2 Thesisproposal3 datacollectionandevaluation4 thesisformulation5 Organizationofideas6 Writingandrevisingofthepaper7 finalizing OverviewofAcademicPaperWriting Typesofthesisandtheirformats 1 Empiricalresearchpaper 2 Theoreticalresearchpaper Formatsofempiricalresearchpaper IntroductionThereviewofrelatedresearchandliteratureMethodsoftheinvestigationResultsDiscussionandinterpretation Example TeamworkinEnglishlearning I introductionII Literaturereviewofteamwork2 1theconceptionofteamwork2 2theoriginofteamwork2 3thedevelopmentandtendencyofTwIII AnattitudinalstudyofTWinEnglishlearning3 1participants researchmethodsandmaterial3 2researchresultsIV SuggestionsformakingteamsefficientV Conclusion Formatsoftheoretical historicalresearchpaper IntroductionBodyconclusion AnalysisoftheDistortionofHeathcliff sHumanityinWutheringHeights IntroductionChapterI ThecauseforHeathcliff sdistortionChapterII ThemanifestationofHeathcliff sdistortionChapterIII TheresultsofHeathcliff sdistortionConclusion Paperrequirements 1 makepenetratingresearchorinvestigationbydoingextensiveandintensivereading 2 takecarefulnoteswhilereading3 planthepaperwithgreatcareanddrawagoodoutlinewithaproperthesisstatement4 followthewritingconventionsandpaperformatstrictly5 attachmeticulouslyandcorrectlymadenotesandbibliographytotheendofthepaper 6 guardagainstplagiarism Class1 PickinganAcademicTopic Subjectsandtopics whatareastoexplore FortheEnglishmajors therearemanyareasforresearch Languagestudies includingEnglishmorphology syntax semantics etymology rhetoric stylistics pragmatics allbranchesofEnglishlinguisticsandtheircomparisonswiththeChinesecounterparts Inmicro linguistics youcandoresearchonphonology phonologicalpatternsofEnglishorhowtheyaffectsoundtranslationinnames Insyntax possibletopicsincludenegationstudies tautologystudies andfunctionalapproachtosentencetypes Therearealsotopicsinsemantics suchastypesofmeanings senserelations andcomponentialanalysis Examples OnAmbitiousnessinCommunicationinEnglishSemantics InfluenceonStructureEnglishPersonalPronouns aPreliminaryTextualAnalysisAnInquiryintoSpeechActTheoryOnLexicalCohesioninExpositoryWriting AbriefcontrastivestudyofChineseandEnglishSyntaxOnsemanticchangeofvocabularyThelexicalfeaturesofEnglishnewsheadlinesAsuperficialanalysisofEnglishintonationLoanwordstothedevelopmentofEnglishlanguage Literarystudies includingBritish American Australia Canadian South Africanliterature comparisonsbetweenthem andtheircomparisonswithChineseliterature Inliteraryanalysis therearetwomajorelements objectivereportingandsubjectiveanalysis Majortopicsofliteraryanalysis 1 analysisofatheme2 analysisofplotorstructure3 analysisofcharacterandcharacterization4 analysisofsetting5 analysisoflanguage Examples FangHongjian theTragicFigureStrugglingin FortressBesieged RedandWhite theDualSymbolicColorsofTessHesterandDimmesdale sAttitudestowardsLoveandlifeinTheScarletLetterOnSisterCarrie sCriticismuponAmericanSociety AStudyofTomJoadintheGrapesofWrathMarkTwain sLinguisticStyleinTheAdventuresofTomSawyerOntheLanguageStyleofaMidsummer Night sDreamOntheRomanticismandRealismofAliceinWonderland OntheTragicomedyofRebeccainVanityFairBurns ViewonLoveandFriendshipTheWomanismin TheColorPurple TheFreeWillandRebelliousSpiritinParadiseLostAStudyoftheThemesinaFarewelltoArms example SubjectWilliamFaulkner 1897 1962 TopicTherepetitionofcertainnounsinTheSoundandtheFuryQuestionWhatisthefunctionofrepetitioninthenovel ThesisTheanalysisshowsthattherepetitionofcertainnounsinthenovelisexpressiveinthatitgivesemphasisoremotiveheighteningtotherepeatedmeaningandtheme thusstrikingthereaderashavingsomedeliberateanduniqueartisticvaluesinthenovelandreinforcethethemeofthenovelwithanartistictouch Translationstudies includingtheoriesandmechanics writtentranslationandoralinterpretation Youmayexamineandanalyzetranslationtheorieswithexamples Youmaycommentandanalyzetheprinciplesorstandardsoftranslation Youmaycompareandcontrastdifferenttheoriesontranslationorcompareandcontrastdifferentversionsoftranslation Youmaydiscussandevaluatedifferenttranslationmethodsortechniquesemployedwhentranslatingdifferentkindsoftextsorgenres Youmaystudyandexploretheproceduresandfactorsoftranslationprocess Examples OnStrategiesoftranslationForCulturalImagesintheEnglishVersionofdialoguesinthefilmCrouchingTiger HiddenDragonSkillsandtheTranslationofPunsinEnglishAdvertisementAcomparativestudyofwordorderinEnglishandChinesecoordinateconstructionsandtheirtranslations英汉并列结构的语序对比与翻译 HowtoDefineandTranslatetheMeaningofPolysemantinEnglish Chinesetranslation英汉互译中多义词的确定及翻译AStudyofEnglish ChineseTranslationsofMovieTitlesfromthePerspectiveofFunctionalEquivalence从功能对等角度研究英文电影名的汉译 Applicationstudies including TESLorTEFL andanyspecialknow howorexpertiseconcerningEnglishinuse Examples TheInfluenceofChineseCulturalCircumstancesonEnglishLearningOntheInitiativeofEnglishLearnersOntheRelationshipbetweenEnglishStudyandGenderDifferencesOnthePhenomenaofNegativeTransferenceinTranslationOnthedesignofmultiple choicequestionsinreadingcomprehension TheImportanceofCulturalAuthenticityinTeachingMaterialsTheApplicationofCommunicativeApproachinEnglishClassofMiddleSchoolinchinaFossilizationinEnglishstudy Example ProblemManystudentscomplainthattheycannotremembernewword Isthereanyproblemswiththeircoursebooks LiteratureTeachingandLearningVocabulary theminimumrepeatingtimesDatacollectionThetextsinNewHorizontalCollegeEnglishtextbooksDataAnalysisStatisticalanalysisConclusionandpaperwriting Internationalstudies includinganyEnglish speakingcountry shistory geography economy law foreignpolicyornationalcultureandcharacter Example TheElectionofAbrahamLincolnin1860 SUBJECTAbrahamLincolnTOPICLincoln sViewsonSlavery ThePoliticalTacticsThatLincolnEmployed Lincoln sPsychology Lincoln sMarriage QUESTIONHowdidLincoln anobscurepoliticianfromtheMidwest winthecrucial1860electionagainstbetterknowncompetitors THESISLincolnwaselectedin1860becausehisambiguouspositiononslaveryattractedsupportfromvariousgroupswhodidn tnecessarilyagreewithoneanother Cross culturestudy Whatisalsoworthmentioningiscross culturestudy whichisasubjectinclusiveofcomparisonsofreligions philosophies educations habitsandcustomsofdifferentcountriesandraces aswellasmeansofinterculturalcommunication Examples OntheDifferencesoftheMarriageConceptbetweenChineseandAmericanAContrastiveAnalysisofTableMannersandCulturebetweenChinaandWesternCountriesOntheDifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternersinNon languageCommunication CampusCatch wordsandtheDifferenceofThinkingModesbetweenChineseandForeignStudentsAComparisonontheCulturaldifferencesinappellationbetweenChineseandEnglishAComparativeStudyofDailyCommunicationDiscourseinChineseandEnglish FromthePerspectiveofCrossCulturalcommunication从跨文化交际角度看英汉日常交际语之异同 Whattopicstochoose Topicchoiceshouldliveuptothreestandards 1 thetopicshouldbeinterestingtoyouatleastandpossiblytoyouraudienceaswell 2 itshouldbesignificantorworthwhile withobviouspotentialtheoreticalorpracticalvalue 3 itshouldbeappropriateinthesenseofbeingworkableormanageable ortobemoreexact neithertoobroad ortoonarrow nortootechnical Aresearchprojectmaylastformonths you dbetterfindsththatcansustainyourinterest Ifwhatyouarewritingissthyoulike you llfinditenjoyable Butifyouresearchisaboutsthyoudon tcareabout orevensthyoudislike thesemonthswillbecomeatorture Besidesyouowninterest youalsoneedtothinkaboutyourreader sinterest sinceitisyourreaderthathavethefinalsayaboutyourpaper squality Sobearesponsiblewriter findatopicwhichisalsointerestingtoyourreader Yourtopicshouldgiveyouachancetodemonstrateyourmasteryoftheknowledgeofyourmajor becausethethesisisthefinalformalassignmentforyouruniversityeducation itshoulddemonstrateyourachievementtothehighestdegree Thefinalconsideration practically referstowhetheritispossibletocarryoutyourresearch Whenwritingthethesis youneedalargeamountofreferencematerialssuchasbooksandjournals andyouwillhavetofinishyourpaperbyadeadline Mostprobably duringthistime youalsohavetothinkaboutsomeirrelevantbutmoreurgentissues suchhuntingforajob preparingforexaminationsforpostgraduatesstudy Giventhesefactors youhavetomakesurethatyouhaveenoughknowledge resources timeandenergytoresearchthetopicandpresentyourfindingsinadecentpaper Example Howtoadjustyourtopic fromabroadtoanarrowertopic 1 Shakespeare sTragediesHamletOnHamlet sInsanity2 DifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishAcomparativestudyofChineseandEnglishIdiomsChineseandEnglishIdioms CulturalConnotations 英语长句的翻译技巧试论英语商业合同的汉译技巧 OntheTechniquesofTranslatingBusinessContractsinEnglish OnE CTranslationofBusinessContracts Howtoadjustyourtopic fromabroadtoanarrowertopic MarkTwainPsychologyofMarkTwainMarkTwain sdepressionExpressionofMarkTwain sdepressioninhisnovels EnglishteachingEnglishteachinginChina20thcenturyEnglishteachinginChinaEnglishteachinginthe culturalre