研究生英语-cloze及答案.doc

3单元 ADB is an international development institution whose mission is to help its developing member countries poverty and the quality of their people . Headquartered in Manila , and establish in 1966 ,ADB is owned and financed by its 67 members , of which 48 are from the region and 19 from other parts of the globe . ADBs main partners are goverments ,the private sector , nongoverment organizations, development , community- based organizations, and foundations. Under Strategy 2020, a long-term strategic framework adopted in 2008 .ADB will follow three complementary strategic agendas : inclusive growth, enviornmentally growth , and . In pursuing its vision , ADBs main comprise loans ,technical assistance , grants ,advice, and knowledge. Althought most lending is in the public sector -and to goverments - ADB also provides direct assistance to private of developing countries through equity investments , guarantees , and loans,. In addition , its triple-A credit rating helps funds for deveopment .1, integration 2, regional 3, enterprise 4, instrument 5, reduce 6, agency 7, improve 8, mobilize 9, sustainable 10, finance Unit 51.manifestation 2.sphere 3.misfortune 4.sacrifice 5.involve 6.accomplish 7.exquisite 8.object 9.exchange 10.realm Love is an activity，not a passive affect；it is a“standing in”，not a“falling for”.In the most general way，the active character of love can be described by stating that love is primarily giving，not receiving. The most important of giving，howevver，is not that of material things，but lies in the specifically human .What does one person give to another？He gives of himself，of the most precious thing he has，he gives of his life.This does not necessary mean that he his life for the other-but that he gives him of that which is alive in him；he gives him of his joy，of his understanding，of his knowledge，of his humor，of his sadnessof all expressions and of that which is alive in him.In thus giving of his life，he enrichs the other person，he enhances the others sense of aliveness by enhancing his own sense of aliveness.He dose not give in order to receive;giving is in itself joy.But in giving he cannot help bringing something to life in the other person,and this which is brought to life reflects back to him;in truly giving,he cannot help receiving that which is given back to him.Giving implies to make the other person a giver also and they both Share in the joy of what they have brought to life.In the act of giving something is born,and both persons are grateful for the life that is born for both of them.Specifically with regard to love this means：love is a power which produces love；impotence is the inability to produce love.This thought has been beautifully expressed by Marx：“Assume”，he says，“man as man，and his relation to the world as a human one，and you can love only for love，confidence for confidence，etc.If you wish to enjoy art，you must be artistically .If you wish to have influence on other people，you must be a person who has a really stimulating and furthering influence on other people.Every one of your relationships to man and to nature must be a definite expression of your real，individual life corresponding to the of your will.If you love without calling forth love，that is，if your love as such does you not produce love，if by means of an expression of life as a loving person you do not make of yourself a loved person，then your love is impotent，a .” 6 单元 When settiers began pouring into Western lands ,the advantages of inproved transportantion became obvious . Fast and powerful , reaching everywhere, the railroad came to the American landscape and the American imagination . Trains became the of modern America , epitornizing Americans economic superiority in an industrial word. From the outset , goverment participation was viewed as essential . The East Coast intercity lines required relatively modest financial backing and quickly paid for themselves . By , the anbitious east-west lines were very costly and time-consuming . Therefore more than half of track laid in the 1840s served the densely parts of New England and New York . By 1850 the East Coast -Great Lakes connection had been and some nine thousand miles of railroad had been built. With the completion of the New York Central to Chicago in 1853，the Midwest had direct service to the East Coast. Other trunk line connections soon followed : the Baltimore and Ohio to St. Louis and the Central Virginia to Memphis in 1858. Virtually every productive farm in the Midwest was into the East Coast trade . During this second railroad construction boom the South held its own. Cotton-making centers in the interior of Mississippi and Alabama were by rail to New Orleans and Mobile , and an all-southern east-west railroad hooked Memphis and Nashville to the East Coast . By !860s railroad mileage 30,000 miles， and America had half the worlds total railroad mileage at a cost of perhaps $ 1 billion- five times as much as invested in Americans canais.Well before 1860s ,congress was covinced of the feasibility of a railroad to the West Coast ,but years passed before constrution began because of rivalry for the eastern terminus of the line . Form Minneapolis to New Orleans cities the Mississippi River vied for the position of gateway to the West , boasting of their advantage while deprecating the claims of their rivals . In 1862， the northen Platte River route was selected _ it was used by the pony express, stages, and freighter wagons.1, connect 2, along 3, populate 4, because 5, tie 6, contrast 7, symbol 8, dominate 9, finish 10, exceed9 单元 President Obama a frist in confronting the economic is to put Americana back to work . The American and Reinvestment Plan signed by the President will job creation while making long-trem in health care ,education, energy, and . Among other objectives , the recovery plan will increase production of energy , modernize and weatherize buildings and homes, broadband technology across the country , and the health care systern . The recovery plan will save or create about 3.5 million jobs while jobs while investing in priorities that create economic growth for future. 1, expand 2,infrastructure 3, investments 4, spur 5, priority 6, recovery 7, crisis 8, computerize 9, alternative 10, sustainable11单元 Personal health depends on the social structure of ones life . The maintenance of strong social reationships is to good health conditions , longevity, productivity, and a positive attitude . This is due to the fact that social interaction many chemical levels in the brain which are linked to personality and intelligence traits. Prolonged psychological stress may negatively health ,and has been cited as a factor in cognitive impairment with aging , depressive illness , and disease.Stress is the application of methods to either reduce stress or increase to stress. Relaxation techniques are physical methods used to stress. Psychological methods include congnitive therapy, meditation , and positive thinking which work by reducing response to stress. Improving relevant skills and abilities confidence, which also reduces the stress to situations where those skills are applicable.1,management 2, partially 3, linked 4, build 5, positive 6, reaction 7, relieve 8, tolerance 9, impact 10, increase Unit 13 1. overtax 2.bring on 3.although 4.determinant 5.predecessor 6.moreover 7.flood 8.decline 9.to 10.raise The effect of the baby boom on the schools helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education in the 1920s.In the 1920s，but especially in the Depression of the 1930s，the United States experienced a ，birth rate.Then with the prosperity by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed，young people married and established households earlier and began to larger families than had their during the Depression.Birth rate rose 102 per thousand in 1946，106.2 in 1950，and 118 in 1955. economics was probably the most important ，it is not the only explanation for the baby boom.The increased value placed on the idea of family also helps to explain this rise in birth rates.The baby boomers began streaming into the first grade by the mid-1940s and became a by 1950.The public school system suddenly found itself .The war time economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945. large numbers of teachers left their profession during that period for better-paid jobs elsewhere. Unit 151. ethnic 2.alternative 3.lifestyle 4.vision 5.opportunity 6.search for 7.corruption 8.on behalf of 9.look forward to 10.disputeIn 1933 when James Hilton wrote the classic Lost Horizon，he probably never expected to leave generations asking the question：“Where is Shangri-La？”or that his book would fire up a tourism in western China over which region could call itself Shangri-La for tourist dollars，simultaneously sparking an scene for Chinas art and culture circles creative space.But believe it or not，thats exactly what happened.In answer to Hiltons riddle，Shangri-La，a place can be found in China anywhere in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau or regions showing values of this culture，regions sacred to the _minorities inhabiting them，whose protects still uncontaminated parts of our eco-system.The tragedy is Shangri-La may be lost very soon.Therefore to those people，I must plea myself，the Tibetans，the Buddhist Lamas，and the monks whose lives are yet untouched by development and and whose environment is yet uncontaminated，and on behalf of all those peo