英语中六大从句用法总结

英语中六大从句用法总结 1 主语从句 1 主语从句可直接位于主语的位置 如果从句较长 谓语又较短 可用 it 作形式主语 而将从句放在句末 常见的句型有 It is a fact a pity a question good news that It seems appears happened has turned out that It is clear important likely possible that It is said reported estimated has been proved that It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation It seems that the performance is very useful 2 what 引导的主语从句表示 的东西时 一般不用 it 作形式主语 What we lack is experience 3 what who when why whether 等词含有各自的疑问意义 但它们引导的主语从句 都用陈 述语序 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again I did know why I felt like crying 2 宾语从句 1 宾语从句可位于及物动词 介词和某些形容词后 连词 that 常可省略 介词后一般接疑 问词引导的宾语从句 in that 因为 except that 除了 but that 只是 已构成固定搭配 其他 介词后一般不接 that 引导的宾语从句 I promised that I would change the situation All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children This article is well written except that it is a bit too long 2 宾语从句后如有宾补 要用形式宾语 it 来代替 而把宾语从句移至宾补之后 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind 3 在 think believe suppose expect 等动词后的宾语从句中 如果谓语是否定的 一般将否定 词移至主句谓语上 宾语从句则变成肯定形式 He didn t think that the money was well spent 3 表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为 主语 系动词 表语从句 的句子中 表语从句除可用 that what when why whether how 等引导外 还可由 because as if though 等引导 that 常可省 略 如主句主语为 reason 只能用 that 引导表语从句 不可用 because Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller 4 同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明 一般用连词 that 引导 由于先行名词的 意义不同 也可用 whether who when where what why how 等引导 常见的先行名词有 fact idea belief news hope conclusion evidence suggestion order problem report decision 有时由 于谓语较短 将同位语从句位于谓语之后 She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time The news came that their team had won the championship 5 定语从句 定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词 也可以是一个句子 定语从句通常位于先行 词之后 由关系代词或关系副词引导 限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词 对先行词起修饰作用 紧接先行词之后 无逗号 若省去 原句意思不完整 引导定语从句的关系代词有 who whom whose which that 等 who whom whose 用于指人 whose 有时也可指物 相当于 of which which 用于指物 that 既可指人也可指物 但只用于限制性定语从句中 关系代词除了引导定语从句 替代先行 词外 还在从句中担任主语 宾语 定语等 The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother 1 当先行词是 all anything everything something nothing 等不定代词或先行词前有 first last any few much some no only 以及形容词最高级修饰时 只能用关系代词 that 引导从 句 That is all that I ve heard from him He s the first person that I m going to interview this afternoon 2 关系代词的省略 在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略 关系代词紧跟介词 作介词宾语时不可用 that 只 可用 which 或 whom 引导从句 并且不可省略 但当介词位于宾语从句句末时 作为介词 宾语的关系代词仍可用 that 也可省略 This is one of those things with which we have to put up This is one of those things which that we have to put up with 3 引导定语从句的关系副词有 when where why 等 关系副词在从句中作状语 意义上相当 于一个 介词 which 的结构 Even in comic books where in which there are no words the stories are fully expressed through the drawings No one knows the reason why for which he was so angry that day 5 定语从句 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词 也可修饰整个主句 起补充说明作用 与主句之间有 逗号隔开 若省去 原句意思不受影响 不可用 that 引导非限制性定语从句 关系词不可 省略 Every object has a gravitational pull which is rather like magnetism 介词 which whom whose 引导的定语从句 介词 which whom whose 可引导限制性定语从句 也可引导非限制性定语从句 该结 构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配 或先行词的习惯搭配 This is the computer on which he spent all his savings It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar as 引导的定语从句 as 引导的定语从句主要用于 such as 及 the same as 的结构中 代替先行词是人或 物的名词 as 引导非限制性定语从句时 代替整个主句 从句可位于主句之前 之后或中 间 These are not such problems as can be easily solved as 代替先行词 problems As is mentioned above no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet as 代替主语 6 状语从句 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有 1 when whenever while as after before since till until once 等 We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here 2 as soon as hardly scarcely when no sooner than each every time the moment immediately that 等 As soon as I sent an e mail message I received positive responses The moment he heard the good news he jumped with joy 地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是 where wherever Wherever she went she took her little daughter with her 原因 结果和目的状语从句 1 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有 because as since now that seeing that considering that in that 等 Considering that he is a freshman we must say he is doing well 2 引导结果状语从句的连词有 so that such that so that that so 等 Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave 3 引导目的状语从句的连词有 so that in order that for fear that lest 等 从句常使用 may might can could would 等情态动词 We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station 条件和让步状语从句 1 引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有 if unless as so long as on condition that in case provided providing that supposing 等 As long as you have the right equipment you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data 2 引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有 though although whether even though even if no matter what when how whatever whenever wherever however 等 though even if 等引导状语从 句可转换成含有 as 的部分倒装结构 具有强调意义 其结构为 形容词 副词 动词 名 词 as 主语 谓语 No matter what you may say I would not change my mind Young as he is he is quite experienced in this work though he is young Child as he is he can speak English fluently though he is a child 方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的连词有 as just as as if as though 等 as if as though 引导的状语从句中 谓语动词常用虚拟语气 表示与事实相反 The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened 总结 从句 Subordinate Clause 是复合句中不能独立成句 但具有主语部分和谓语部分 由 that who when 等引导词 Connective 引导的非主句部分 编辑本段 分类 从句有主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 定语从句和状语从句 6 类 前四 类由于主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词 所以通称 名词性从句 后两类定语从句和状语从句功用相当于形容词 称为形容词性从句 状语从 句还可以分为条件状语从句 原因状语从句 方位状语从句和时间状语从句 1 主语从句 Subject Clause 用作主语的从句叫主语从句 引导主语从句的关联词 有从属连词 疑问代词 疑问副词 缩合连接代词 缩合连接副词等 2 表语从句 Predicative Clause 用作表语的从句叫表语从句 引导表语从句的关联 词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样 3 宾语从句 Object Clause 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句 宾语从句分为 三类 动词的宾语从句 介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句 编辑本段 宾语从句 第一部分 一 定义 宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语 二 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素 连接词 语序和时态 连接词一般都是 that 指事务或人 which 指事 who 指人 1 从句为陈述句 常选择连接词 that 或将 that 省略 直接与主句相连 2 从句为一般疑问句 常选择连接词 if 或 whether 在 whether or not 结构中不能用 if 替换 3 从句为特殊疑问句 常选择 what when where which who how 等的疑问代 副词作 连接词 当 who 为主语时 句式为 who 谓语 其他 判断时态情况 1 主句是一般现在时 从句为各种时态情况 2 主句是一般过去时 从句为各种相应过去时态注意 从句描绘客观事实 用一般现在 时 3 主句是一般将来时 一般从句为一般现在时 主将从现 例题 1 The teacher told the children that the sun round A was B is C were D are 2 I believe that our team the basketball match A win B won C will win D wins 3 I don t know to visit the old man A whether B if C that D who 4 The soldiers soon reached was once an old temple the villagers used as a school A which where B what which C where which D what where 答 4 选 B 动词 reach 后接宾语从句 从句缺少宾语 where 不可 which 引导宾语从 句时表疑问含义 哪一个 而此句中并非疑问含义 不知道哪一座庙宇 而是用 what 从句 表陈述含义 意 过去的一座旧庙宇 temple 后为对其修饰的定语从句 用关系代词 which 代替 并在从句中作动词 used 的宾语 use sth as 把 用作 宾语从句 在复合句中作宾语 位于及物动词后 Tell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes 1 主 从句时态一致 主句谓语过去时 从句相应过去时 He answered that he was listening to me 主句谓语现在时 从句时态任所需 He says that he will leave a message on my desk They know that he is working hard 具体过去永不变 真理格言现在时 He told me that he was born in 1980 Father told me that practice makes perfect 2 否定前移 及完成反意问句 在 think believe suppose guess imagine expect 等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时 应转移到主句上去 完成反意疑问句时 应与从句主 谓保持一致 注 否定前移的条 件是 主句主语是第一人称 I don t think you are right are you I don t believe they have finished their work yet have they 3 在表示建议 suggest advise 要求 demand desire require request propose 决定 decide 命令 order command 坚决主张 insist 等动词后跟宾语从句 用 should v 虚拟语气 eg I suggested that you should study hard He ordered that we should go out at once 4 如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语 用 it 作形式宾语 把宾语从句后置 eg You may think it strange that he would live there 5 宾语从句 that 常可省略 但在以下情况下不能省略 A 当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时 可以省略第一个 that 其他不能 省略 eg I believe that you have done your best and that things will get bet 鄄 ter B 当 it 作形式宾语时 eg She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him C 当宾语从句前置时 eg That our team will win I believe 三 分类 A 作动词的宾语 eg I heard the news I 主语 heard 谓语动词 the news 名词作宾语 I 主语 heard 谓语动词 that he would come here later on 一个句子作宾语 宾语从句 B 作介词的宾语 eg He said nothing about this plan He 主语 said 谓语动词 nothing 代词作动词的宾语 about 介词 the plan 名词作介词 的宾语 四 带有宾语从句的复合句的构成 带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起 连接词有 that 可省略 what who when where why which if whether how 五 注意 A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序 False He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job Right He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job B 有时候可以用 it 作形式宾语 而把真正的宾语从句放在后面 Bad I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible Good I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours Bad He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment Good He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句 Bad I think he doesn t like the English teacher Good I don t think he likes the English teacher D False He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner Right He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner 4 同位语从句 Appositive Clause 与先行词同位或等同的从句叫作同位语从句 其 关联词多为 that 5 定语从句 Attributive Clause 用作定语的从句叫定语从句 定语从句一般皆放在 被它所修饰的名 代 词之后 这种名 代 词就叫作先行词 Antecedent 引导定语 从句的关联词为关系代词 或称引导词 关系词等 关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语 宾语 定语等 关系副词在定语从句中用作状语 引导定语从句的关联词有 who whom whose that when where why 和 which 在 非限制定语从句中 只可用 which who whose where when 如果指代前面整个句子 多用 which 例句 The dog that which was lost has been found 失踪的狗已经找到了 Those who are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail after the meeting 有人认为那些对这个提案有兴趣的人最好是在会后再具体讨论它 There are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless 存在着许多 旨在帮助无家可归者的组织 The days when we had to rely on wool cotton or silk for our clothes have now passed 那种必须依赖羊毛 棉花或者蚕丝做衣服的日子已经过去了 Air moves from places where the pressure was high to places where the pressure is low 空气从压强高的地方流向压强低的地方 This is the reason why he refused to help us 这就是他拒绝帮助我们的原因 He was born in 1976 when an earthquake struck the country 他出生于 1976 年 这 一年这个城镇发生了地震 They turned a blind eye to the suffering of the people which enraged all of us 他们 对受苦人们的漠视激怒了我们 当引导定语从句的先行词前有 all any no little much very first 等词 或先行词前为 形容词最高级所修饰时 或先行词为 all anything nothing something everything 时 从句 的引导词只能用 that The only thing that matters to the children is how soon they can have their holiday 孩子们唯一关心的是他们什么时候放假 These are the very points that puzzle me 真正困扰我的是这些观点 Is there anything that bothers you 有什么事烦着你吗 This is the best film that was ever produced by the company 这部是那个公司有史以 来拍摄得最好的电影 as 可做引导词引导定语从句 多和 such the same 连用 As 引导的定语从句也可修 饰整个句子 既可放在先行词后 也可放在句子开头 例句 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays 你描述的那一类人现在很少了 The boy was run over by a motor car as often happened in pre liberation Shanghai 那个男孩被一辆摩托轧过去了 这种事在解放前的上海是不少见的 As is often the case the girl forgot to bring her dictionary 正如往常一样 这个女孩又 忘了带上字典 We are opposed to such ideas as are not based upon objective facts 我们是反对这 种毫无事实根据的想法的 介词 which whom whose 从句 The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch 她就是从那个 司机的房间偷了金表的 Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other 语 言就是人们用来和其他人交流的一种工具 Jane spent all evening talking about her latest book of which none of us had ever heard Jane 一晚上都在谈论着也最近学课本 那些内容我们闻所未闻 例题 Water dissolves a part of nearly everything it comes in contact a where b that c with which d as soon as 代 名 介词 which 从句 He is needing a book the name of which I don t know 他需要一本书 但是我不知道 书名 In factories and in our daily life there are many waste materials all of which can he turned into useful things under certain condition 在工厂里 在我们的日常生活中都有很 多垃圾 其实这些垃圾在某种情况下是可以转变为有用的东西的 To make an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions each of which has only one correct answer 为了能够客观地测试 老师写了一串答案唯一的问题 同位语从句和定语从句 The news that he has been admitted by Harvard University is very pleasing 他被哈佛 大学录取的消息非常令人兴奋 The news that you told me was really exciting 你告诉我的好个消息真的是很激动人心 难句 NO 1He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group 他是被选为代表 该团队的人中一员 NO 2He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment 他是那些男孩中唯一一个愿意再接受任务的人 NO 3I shall never forget the day when we first met 第二部分 一 时态 1 主句用一般现在时 从句可用任意时态 2 主句用过去时 从句用过去某个时态 3 主句用过去时 从句是真理时 只用一般现在时 二 宾语从句的几类连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有 that if whether that 引导表示陈述句的宾语从句 而 if 和 whether 引导表示 是否 的宾语从句 例句 He told that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学 I don t know if there will be a bus any more 我不知道是否还会有公交车 Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam 没人知道他是否会通过考试 连接代词 连接代词主要有 who whom whose what whoever whomever whosever whatever whichever 等 连接代词一般指疑问 但 what whatever 除了指疑问外 也可以指陈述 例句 Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗 I don t know whom you should depend on 我不知道你该依靠谁 The book will show you what the best CEOs know 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么 Have you determined whichever you should buy a Motorola or Nokia cell phone 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗 连接副词 连接副词主要有 when where why how whenever wherever however 等 例句 He didn t tell me when we should meet again 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面 Could you please tell me how you read the new panel 你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到 三 动词的宾语从句 大多数动词都可以带宾语从句 We all expect that they will win for members of their team are stronger 我们都预料他们会赢 因为他们的队员更强壮 He told us that they would help us though the whole work 他告诉我们在整个工作中 他都会帮忙的 部分 动词 副词 结构也可以带宾语从句 例句 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了 Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗 动词短语也可以带宾语从句 常见的这些词有 make sure 确保 make up one s mind 下决心 keep in mind 牢记 例句 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in 在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误 四 可运用形式宾语 it 代替的宾语从句 动词 find feel consider make believe 等后面有宾语补足语的时候 则需要用 it 做形式宾 语而将 that 宾语从句后置 例句 I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的 I feel it a pity that I haven t been to the get together 我没去聚会 感觉非常遗憾 I have made it a rule that I keep diaries 我每天写日记成了习惯 We all find it important that we should make a quick decision about this mater 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要 有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加 it 这类动词主要有 hate take owe have see to 例句 I hate it when they with their mouths full of food 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话 He will have it that our plan is really practical 他会认为我们的计划确实可行 We take it that you will agree with us 我们认为你会同意我们的 When you start the engine you must see to it that car is in neutral 开启发动机时 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置 若宾语从句是 wh 类 则不可用 it 代替 例句 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的 We discovered what we had learned to be valuable 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的 五 介词的宾语从句 用 wh 类的介词宾语从句 例句 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部 The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space 这本新书是关于神州 6 号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的 用 that if 引导的介词宾语从句有时候 except but besides 三个介词后可见到 that 引导 的宾语从句 例句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班 其他一无所知 六 形容词的宾语从句 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有 sure certain glad please happy sorry afraid satisfied surprised 例句 I am sure I will pass the exam 我确信我会通过考试 I am sorry that I have troubled you so long 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你 He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill 他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他 七 if whether 在宾语从句中的区别 if 和 whether 在作 是否 解时 引导宾语从句常放在动词 know ask care wonder find out 等之后 介词后一般不用 if 少数动词 如 leave put discuss doubt 后的宾语从句常用 whether whether 后可以加 or not 但是 if 不可以 在不定式前只能用 whether 如 I can t decide whether to stay 我不能决定是否留下 避免歧异时 我们常用 whether 而不用 if 八 哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词 that 1 当 that 作 learn suggest explain agree wonder prove mean state feel hold 等动词的宾 语时 2 当宾语从句较长时 3 当主语状语置于主句尾 宾语从句之前时 4 当主语谓语动词 包括非谓语动词 与宾语从句之间有插入语时 5 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时 此时第一个 that 可以省略 第二个 that 不 可以省略 6 当宾语从句中的主语是 this that 或 this that 做主语的定语时 7 当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时 8 当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时 9 当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时 10 当宾语从句有 it 做其先行词时 11 在直接引语中 转述分句把宾语从句隔开时 九 宾语从句的否定转移 主句的谓语动词是 think believe imagine suppose consider espect fancy guess 等 并且 主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时 从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来 其反义疑 问句一般与宾语从句一致 例句 I don t think he will come to my party 而不能说成 I think he won t come to my party 我认为他不会来我的舞会 I don t believe that man is killed by Jim is he 我认为那个人不是 Jim 所杀的 是不是 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词 其反义疑问句要用肯定形式 例句 We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully does he 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课 是不是 十 宾语从句的时态和语序 当主句为现在时或将来时的时候 宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响 当主句为过去时的时 细分为一下几种情况 从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生 例句 I only knew he was studying in a western country but I didn t know what country he was in 我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书 可不知道是哪个国家 He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in 他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读 从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前 例句 He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already 他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了 Mary 从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后 例句 The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to do 记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱 如果从句是一个客观真理 那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化 例句 The teacher said that the moon goes arou