中考名词讲解及练习.doc

初三英语名词专项复习一名词的分类:专有名词Sunday USA Jim Mary Christmas the WTO Green普通名词可数名词个体名词 book pen banana umbrella集体名词 class family people police不可数名词物质名词 water milk rice air抽象名词 love help advice youth (年轻)二名词的数：1.可数名词复数的规则变化情况变化规则例词一般情况在词尾加-sbag boy book 以s. x. ch. sh 结尾在词尾加-eswatch box class以辅音字母加y结尾 把y变为i再加-escity baby以 f/fe 结尾把 f/fe变为v再加-esknife leaf wolf以辅音字母加 o 结尾有生命意义的加-estomato potato无生命意义的加-spiano zoo radio2可数名词的不规则变化：1）表示某国人的名词变复数Chinese,Japanese等名词的单复数形式相同；English,Frenchman的复数形式是把字母a变成e; American,Australian,Canadian等的复数形式是在后面加-s.Eg:They are from _.Theyre _.A. Germany;Germans B. Germans;Germany C. German;Germany D. Germany;Germen2)改变内部元音或词尾构成复数形式的名词man的复数形式为men,woman的复数形式为women,由man/woman构成的复合名词变复数时，两个名词需要同时变为复数形式。foot的复数形式为feet;tooth的复数形式为teeth;child的复数形式为children.Eg:All the _teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th,because it was their own holiday.A. man B. men C. woman D.women3)单复数形式相同的名词Sheep,deer等名词的单复数形式相同。而people表示人时，其本身便是名词复数，不可再在其后加-s;当表示民族时，其复数为peoples.Eg:There are more _(sheep) in Australia than in Japan.4)复合词中名词的单复数形式数词+名词（+形容词）构成复合词时，其中的名词可用单数形式，但是必须用连字符连接。Eg: Each of us has to write a _report every two weeks. A.two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-word C. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words3.不可数名词与可数名词的转化：Fish意为 “鱼”是，是可数名词;指鱼的种类时，其复数为fishes;指餐桌上的 “鱼肉”时，为不可数名词。Glass 意为 “玻璃”时，为不可数名词，意为 “玻璃杯”时，为可数名词，其复数形式glasses还可意为 “眼镜”。Orange意为 “橘子”时，为可数名词；意为 “橘子汁；橙色”时，为不可数名词。Room意为 “房间”时，为可数名词；意为 “地方，空间”时，为不可数名词。三名词所有格：1.有生命的名词 1)不以-s结尾的单数名词在词尾加s,如：my teachers book . 2)以-s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加.如：the twins room 3)复数不以-s 结尾的名词，加s.如：the childrens classroom2.无生命的名词所有格一般用 “of+名词”的结构。如：the gate of the school3.如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s,则表示“两者分别有”；只在第二个名词后有s，则表示“两者共有”。如：Johns and Marys bags John and Marys bedroom4.在表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词。如：the barbers（理发店） my uncles （我叔叔家）5.有些表示时间距离等无生命的名词和表示世界国家城镇等的名词，也可以在词尾加 s 或 如：five minutes walk(步行五分钟的路程) todays newspaper(今天的报纸)ten minutes drive(十分钟车程) a months holiday(一个月的假期)6.用所有格表示节日的方法：Teachers Day, Childrens Day。需要注意的是除了父亲节FathersDay和母亲节Mothers Day,其他节日我们都用名词复数的所有格表示。7.要特别记忆下列用to 表示的所有格。the key to the door / the answer to the question / the bridge to tknowledge / the way to school / the exit to the building / the entrance to the building .四名词的修饰语:1.只修饰可数名词的: few / a few / several / many / a (large，great) number of等。2.只修饰不可数名词的：little / a little / much / a great deal of / a bit of 3.既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的： a lot of / lots of / plenty of / enough / most / some五常见易混名词辨析：1.job / work：job是可数名词，表示“工作、零工、职业”等，work是不可数名词，指一切非职业性的工作，如作业、干活、学习等。2. voice / noise /sound： voice指说话及唱歌的声音，多用于指人的嗓音。Noise特指噪音和吵闹声。Sound含义广泛，指一切可以听到的声音，也可用作系动词，意为 “听起来”.3.clothes / cloth / clothing: cloth指布料，是不可数名词，一般没有复数；clothes包括各种衣服，是衣服的总称，没有单数形式；clothing意为“服装”，不能表示具体的衣服，只有单数形式。 4.problem / question: 两者都表示“问题”。Problem总是与“困难”相联系，它是指社会问题、教学问题等，是有待解决的问题；question总是与“疑问、质问、询问”相联系，是有待回答的问题。六中考真题演练：1. -Why do you get up so early in the morning,Tracy? I generally make it a _to be up by 7 to read English?A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule 2. Its said that you have moved into a new house. - Yeah, and we need to buy some _in the mall nearby. A. food B. furniture C. hamburger3. I saw many _eating grass on the hill. A. horse B. cow C. rabbit sheep.-What _do you have for Paul? I think he should study harder than before. A. news B. advice C.help D. information5. What is the _of the 2010 World Expo(世博会)？-Its “Better City,Better Life”. A. song B. theme C. custom6. The land in the southwest of China is in great need of _. -Yes,it hasnt rained for a long time there. A. milk B. tea C. coffee D. water7. When I was a student, I liked to sit in the front of the classroom so that I could see the words more clearly on the _. A. blackboard B. desk C. dictionary D. postcard8. Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now? -Sorry, I know nothing about him. We are _. A. friends B. neighbors C. classmates D. strangers9. Can I help you? Id like _for my twin daughters. A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes10. Would you like some drinks, boys? Yes, _,please. A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolate C. some cakes D. two boxes of cola11. Each of us has to write a _report every two weeks. A. two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-word C. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words12. Good news. We will have a _holiday . Ive heard of it.But its coming in _. A. three days ; three days time B. three days ; three days C. three-day ; three days D. three days ; three-day time七中考模拟练习1. They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories2. He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice3. When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news4. What_ lovely weather it is!A . / B. the C. an D. a5. Would you like_ tea? No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orangeC. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges6. He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads7. It really took him：_ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time8. I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks9. Can you give me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea10. Please give me _ paper.A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of11. John bought_ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoeC. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoes12. _ fathers made them have piano lessons. A. Peter and Anns B. Peters and AnnsC. Peters and Ann D. Peter and Ann13. There are a lot _ people today than yesterday.A. ofB. / C. mostD. more14 “Excuse me, are you _? ”“No, we are _. ”A. American, Englishman B. American, GermansC. American, Germen D. Englishman, Americans( )1. He has been in Beijing for ten years. Beijing has become his second _.A. family B. house C. home D. room( )2. All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday. A. men B. man C. women D. woman( )3. _ room is big and bright. They like it very much.A. Tom and Sam B. Toms and Sam C. Toms and Sams D. Tom and Sams( )4. Why not go to the Great Wall this Sunday? -Im afraid its not a good _. Most of us have been there.A. place B. idea C. plan D. advice( )5. When I hurriedly got to the airport, the lady at the window told me that there were no _ left on the plane.A. seats B. places C. space D. room( )6. As a _, he tries to give the firsthand information to the public as soon as possible.A. secretary B. passenger C. professor D. reporter( )7.The music made us think of the _ of a running stream.A. sound B. shout C. voice D. noise( )8. My friend helped me by giving me _ on English learning.A. advices B. many advice C. some suggestion D. some advice( )9.The _ now is that I have a lot of _ to ask.A. problem, question B. question, problem C. matter, problem D. question， trouble( )10. Youd better do morning _ every day. Its good to have lots of _.A. exercise, exercises B. exercises, exerciseC. exercises, exercises D. exercise, exercise( )11. She will have a _ vacation in _.A. two days, two days time B. two-day, two days timeC. two-day, two days time D. two-days, two-day time( )12. Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tarcy? -I generally make it a _ to be up by 7 to read English.A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule( )13. Do the wishes, Mike. Or Ill tell mom. -Mind your own _, Sue!A. action B. duty C. business D. way( )14. Shall we go shopping now? -Its not the right _. Im too tired.A. way B place C. weather D. moment( )15. Mr Smith asked us to write _ article last Sunday.A. an 800-words B. an 800 words C. an 800-word D. a 800-words1. How many _ are there on the hill?A. sheep B. tree C. child D. student2. Shanghai is one of the biggest _ in the world. A. city B. citys C. cities D. cityes 3. March 8th is _. A. Womans Day B. Women Day C. Woman DaysD. Womens Day4. There is some _ in the glass. A. water B. sweets C. erasers D. milks5. I want to write to my parents. Please pass me _. A. two piece of paperB. two pieces of paper C. two piece of papersD. two pieces of papers6. Can I help you, sir? _. A. Two teas, please B. Two tea, please C. Two cup of teas D. Two cups of teas7. The teacher has given us much _. A. books B. advice C. magazinesD. dictionary8. There is a _ on the desk. A. paper B. bread C. newspaper D. fruit 9. My mother will buy me a new _ of shoes. A. pair B. pairs C. piece D. pieces10. Last Sunday I met _ in the supermarket. A. a friend of Jim B. a friend of Jims C. a friend of JimsD. a friend of Jims 1. In China, September 10th is _.A. Teacher DayB. Teachers DayC. Teachers DayD. Teachers Day2. Would you please pass me _? I want to write a letter.A. a paperB. a piece of paperC. two paperD. two piece of paper3. Mr Smith gave me _ on how to study English?A. some advice B. some advicesC. some piece of adviceD. some piece of advices4. Look, the _ are fat, but the _ are thin.A. sheep, goatB. sheeps, goatsC. sheeps, goatD. sheep, goats5. Now students dont have _ homework to do at home.A. muchB. manyC. littleD. few6. I want to buy a new _ of trousers.A. pieceB. pairC. pairsD. 不填7. This is a photo of his _. Is she beautiful?A. girlfriendB. girlfriendsC. girls friendD. girlsfriend8. Ive just been to _. Ive got a bad colD.A. the doctorB. the doctorsC. the doctorsD. doctors八名词词形变化题训练1. Tina has got two _ (knife).2. The five _ (German) have been to the Great Wall twice. 3. I have some new _ (information) for you. 4. I saw many _ (Japanese) in the Summer Palace. 5. Mr Smith has three _ (child). 6. Would you like some _ (tomato)?7. We go to school on _ (foot) every day. 8. Look at those _ (man) drivers. 9. How many _(boy) are there in your class? 10. There are no _ (class) on Sunday. ( )15. Mr Smith asked us to write _ article last Sunday.A. an 800-words B. an 800 words C. an 800-word D. a 800-words1. How many _ are there on the hill?A. sheep B. tree C. child D. student2. Shanghai is one of the biggest _ in the world. A. city B. citys C. cities D. cityes 3. March 8th is _. A. Womans Day B. Women Day C. Woman DaysD. Womens Day4. There is some _ in the glass. A. water B. sweets C. erasers D. milks5. I want to write to my parents. Please pass me _. A. two piece of paperB. two pieces of paper C. two piece of papersD. two pieces of papers6. Can I help you, sir? _. A. Two teas, please B. Two tea, please C. Two cup of teas D. Two cups of teas7. The teacher has given us much _. A. books B. advice C. magazinesD. dictionary8. There is a _ on the desk. A. paper B. bread C. newspaper D. fruit 9. My mother will buy me a new _ of shoes. A. pair B. pairs C. piece D. pieces10. Last Sunday I met _ in the supermarket. A. a friend of Jim B. a friend of Jims C. a friend of JimsD. a frien