定语从句.doc

定语从句定语:句子中修饰名词或代词的成分称为定语。它可以由单词或短语来充当。例如： She is a beautiful woman.(单词) There are only 200computers connected to the Internet.(短语) There is a girl lying outside the door. (短语)定语从句: 句子中修饰名词或代词的成分称为定语,定语也可以由句子来充当，例如： She is a beautiful girl whom I love.(句子) 先行词 The book that I bought last week was made in Yunnan in 2006. 先行词二. 定语从句的特点1由关系代词who, whom, whose, that ,which和关系副词when, where, why.来引导。2. 定语从句跟在所修饰的词（先行词）之后。3. 关系词代表先行词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等；关系副词代表先行词，在从句中充当状语。例如：He is the man （先行词）who wants to see you .三、关系代词和关系副词的用法 1Who-指人，在从句中充当主语或宾语。 There are many people who are learning English in China.(who代表people,充当定语从句的主语)2. whom-指人，在从句中充当宾语，在限制性定语从句中可用who代替。 This ia the little boy whom(who) we saved yesterday.3. whose-指人或物，在从句中充当定语。 Is there anyone whose name is Li Hua？4. which-植物， 在从句中充当主语或宾语。 Is this thew newspaper which you are looking for？5. that-指人或物，在从句中充当主语或宾语。不能引导非限制性定语从句。 The photo that you took yesterday is wonderful.6. when-指时间，在从句中充当时间状语。 The time when we arrived was 4 P.M.7.where-指地点，在从句中充当时间状语。 There is a garden where we can play.8.why-指原因，在从句中充当原因状语。I dont know the reason why he was absent yesterday.四. 定语从句的分类定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句所修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或事物，该种从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就没有了意义，不能说清楚问题。eg: He is the man who wants to see you .五. 定语从句用法归结：1 介词加关系代词 1. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to him B whom the nurse is talking C. the nurse is talking to D. Who the nurse is talking2. He didnt know which room _.A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in3. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. That B. who C. from whom D. to whom注意1. 含介词的引导词，其介词可放在引导词whom, which前或在从句原来的位置上。介词不提前，其在从句中作宾语的引导词who, whom, that, which可省。但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开，如look after, be made of, take part in, look forward to等。例：The babies (who/whom) the nurses look after look strong and happy.2. where = at/in/to + which when = at/in/on/during + which why = for which例：This is the school where/at which I used to teach. They stood at the window, from where They could see what was happening in the street.2. 在下列情况下只用that，不用which 先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much, the one等不定代词时 There is nothing ( that ) I can do. I mean the one that was brought yesterday. 先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little, much等词修饰时 I have read all the books (that) you gave me. You may take home any of these books that you like. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the first composition (that)he has written in English. This is the best novel (that) I have ever read. 先行词被the only, the very(正是,恰是), the same, the last修饰时 The white flower is the only one ( that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find. The last place( that) we visited was the hospital. This is the same watch that I lost yesterday. 当先行词有两个或两个以上时,既有人又有物,定语从句用that 引导 (that既可指人也可指物) He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 关系代词作定语从句中系动词的表语时,或先行在主句中作表语What great changes! It is not the city (that) it was ten years ago. that 不能引导非限制性定语从句 that不能置于介词之后（介词后指物用which,指人用whom） 3在非限制性定语从句中1) 无关系代词 that , 只有which who whom2) most of + which/whom引导的定语从句属非限定性定语从句，从句前应有逗号与主句分开，除most外，还有many, some, any, all, none, several, few, both, half, the majority, a number, the youngest, three(数词)in front of, in the middle of, at the back of, at the bottom of, on the top of, at the foot of + which等。例：He works in a middle school, in front of which there is a river.3) 在非限制性定语从句中的as, which（1). the sameas, suchas, soas, asas 等结构中,只用as This is not such a book as I expected. I live in the same building as he (lives in). （