有关中小企业应用电子商务的障碍与对策中英文对照.doc

// 有关中小企业应用电子商务的障碍与对策中英文对照The obstacles and countermeasures of small and medium-sized enterprise electronic commerce application contrast in both Chinese and English电子商务发展迅猛,使企业面临着更多的机遇与挑战。中小企业应该抓住机遇大力发展电子商务。本文拟就中小企业电子商务应用中存在的问题做出分析,并提出相应对策,希望能对中小企业发展电子商务有所帮助,从而应对激烈的竞争。Fast development of electronic commerce, make the enterprise faced with more opportunities and challenges. Small and medium-sized enterprises should seize the opportunity to vigorously develop the electronic commerce. Based on the problems existing in the small and medium-sized enterprise electronic commerce application to analysis, and put forward corresponding countermeasures, hoping to help small and medium-sized enterprise development electronic commerce, so as to cope with the fierce competition. 【关键词】中型小企业 电子商务 对策【 key words 】 medium small enterprise electronic commerce countermeasure 目前,电子商务发展如火如荼,电子商务的交易额也在屡创新高,这显示电子商务正在成为企业竞争新的战场。中小企业应该抓住机遇大力发展电子商务。Today, the development of e-commerce, e-commerce transactions are also reached record high, this shows that e-commerce is becoming the enterprise competition in new field. Small and medium-sized enterprises should seize the opportunity to vigorously develop the electronic commerce. 1 中小企业应用电子商务的必要性1 the necessity of small and medium-sized enterprise electronic commerce application 中小企业作为国家经济发展的底座,在增加就业,活跃市场,推动创新方面有不可代替的作用,2008年以加工型、出口型为特征的中小企业首当其冲受到经济危机的影响,是历史以来最艰难一次挑战,在这个过程中,电子商务被广泛应用在生产、物流的经营模式,成为企业和政府不约而同的选择。中小企业在发展过程中会面临较多的困难,尽快引导中小企业开展电子商务成为解决困难的有效途径之一。Small and medium-sized enterprises as the base of the national economic development, increase in employment and active market, drive have not replace the role of innovation, in 2008 is characterized by processing and export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprise has born the brunt of the economic crisis influence, is the most difficult challenge in history, in the process, e-commerce is widely used in the production, logistics management mode, enterprise and government happen to coincide choice. In the development process of small and medium-sized enterprises will face more difficulties, lead as soon as possible for small and medium-sized enterprises to carry out the electronic commerce has become one of the effective ways to solve difficult. 电子商务是国民经济信息化重要内容,也是中小企业发展的关键支撑,电子商务在帮助出口型企业调整市场,启发加工型企业开发设计品牌创新,引导中小企业实现信息化管理等多方面具有不可替代的作用。Electronic commerce is the important content of national economy informationization, but also the key to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, e-commerce is helping export-oriented enterprises to adjust market, inspired by the processing enterprises development design brand innovation, guide the small and medium-sized enterprise implement information management has an irreplaceable role in many aspects. 中小企业采用电子商务来面对经济危机不仅仅是一种选择,而是一种必然的选择。Small and medium-sized enterprises using e-commerce to face an economic crisis is not just a choice, but an inevitable choice. 2 中小企业开展电子商务面临的主要障碍2, the main barriers to small and medium enterprises to carry out the electronic commerce 开展电子商务是一项系统工程,相对于大型企业来说,中小型企业在人、财、物和信息技术方面的实力较弱,因此在实施电子商务的过程中有一些问题需要引起足够的重视。To carry out the electronic commerce is a system engineering, relative to large enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises in terms of people, goods, and information technology of the weak, therefore in the process of implementing e-commerce we have some questions need to cause enough attention. (1)对电子商务在认识上存在误区(1) error exists in the understanding to the electronic commerce 电子商务对我国传统企业而言是一新生事物,绝大多数中小企业对于电子商务的认识依然很表面化。一方面将电子商务的技术看得过于复杂化,认为只有拥有高水平的信息技术设备与专业人才的企业才能与电子商务结缘,只有将有关电子商务的电子货币、在线支付、网络信息安全等所有技术问题都解决之后,企业才可涉足电子商务;另一方面则是将电子商务的功能简单化,只注重电子商务收集、发布信息的功能,而对信息处理、流程管理等其它功能不甚了之。E-commerce is a new thing for our traditional enterprises, the vast majority of small and medium-sized enterprise to the understanding of the e-commerce is still very superficial. Of e-commerce technology on the one hand look too complicated, think only a high level of information technology equipment and professional talents of enterprise e-commerce talents and affinity, only will the electronic money, online payment, e-commerce, network information security and so on all technical issues to solve, enterprises can only be involved in electronic commerce; On the other hand is the electronic commerce function simplification, only pay attention to the function of collection, release information, e-commerce and other functions such as information processing, process management is less. (2)中小企业电子商务的发展与应用缺少总体规划(2) small and medium-sized enterprise electronic commerce development and application of the lack of overall planning 随着信息、IT技术的不断成熟, 中小企业对电子商务及其重要性的认识也逐步加深。中小企业电子商务也在逐步从单一的信息发布向更高层次的整合应用方向发展。然而在我国中小企业开展电子商务的实际运用中,由于没有一个明确和统一的应用模式及长期的实施计划。As information technology continues to mature, IT, recognition of the importance of small and medium-sized enterprise of e-commerce and its also gradually deepened. Small and medium-sized enterprise electronic commerce also gradually from a single direction of the information released to a higher level of integration application development. However small and medium-sized enterprises in our country to carry out the practice of electronic commerce, because there is no a clear and unified application model and the implementation of the plan for a long time. (3)安全与信用问题有待完善解决(3) security and credit problems yet to be perfect 电子商务的运作涉及多方面的安全问题,如资金安全、信息安全、货物安全、商业秘密等。安全问题是目前制约电子商务发展的关键因素。电子商务的安全问题,不仅涉及技术问题,同时也涉及管理问题和法律问题。目前电子商务的管理标准尚未系统确定,法律对于电子商务违法交易行为的认定还处于摸索阶段。E-commerce operations involving the various security issues, such as capital security, information security, cargo security, trade secrets, etc. Safety is the key factor restricting the development of e-commerce. E-commerce security issues, concerns not only technical problems, but also involves the management and legal problems. Current electronic commerce management standard has not been system determines, e-commerce law for illegal trading behavior is still in the exploratory stage. (4)中小企业缺乏必要的人才与技术资源及资金支持与筹措渠道(4) small and medium-sized enterprises lack the necessary personnel and technical resources and funding support and financing channels 人才缺乏一直被视作困扰中小企业的中心问题,农村和偏远地区中小企业的人才问题更为严重。中小企业往往没有优厚的待遇、良好的机制和制度吸引优秀人才,也没有充分发挥个人才智的研究项目、研究环境和激励机制。作为知识和技术的载体,人才流动和人才管理制度给中小企业带来了新的难题。另外,中小企业缺乏必要的资金支持和资金筹措渠道,这是影响中小企业电子商务发展战略实施的主要原因。Lack talent has always been regarded as the central problem in small and medium-sized enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) in rural and remote areas of the talent problem is more serious. Small and medium-sized enterprises tend to have preferential treatment, good mechanism and the system attracting talent, also did not give full play to the talent of research projects, research environment and incentive mechanism. As a carrier of knowledge and technology, talent flow and talent management system for small and medium-sized enterprise has brought new problems. In addition, small and medium-sized enterprises lack the necessary financial support and financing channel, the influence of small and medium-sized enterprise electronic commerce development strategy implementation of the main reasons. 3 中小企业实施电子商务的对策Three countermeasures of small and medium-sized enterprises to implement electronic commerce (1)转变观念,正确认识电子商务。(1) change ideas, correct understanding of e-commerce. 中小企业需要充分的认识开展电子商务的重要性与紧迫性。要树立正确的电子商务发展观,克服长期以来重硬件轻软件、忽视资源与应用的现象,从基本数据、基本流程做起,真正认识到信息对商业资产的重要性。更重要的是要围绕核心业务开展流程重组,实现组织、管理、制度上的创新,建立科学的公司治理结构和强化内部控制制度,进一步形成适应电子商务发展的管理体制和企业文化。Small and medium-sized enterprises need to fully recognize the importance of conducting e-commerce with urgency. To set up the correct of e-commerce development, overcome the hardware and software for a long time, ignore the phenomenon of resources and application, start from the basic data, basic process, truly realize the importance of information in business assets. More important is to revolve around the core business process reengineering, implementation organization, management and institutional innovation, set up scientific company governance structure and strengthening the internal control system, and further to adapt to the electronic commerce development of management system and enterprise culture. (2)战略规划与效果跟踪评估(2) strategic planning and evaluation of effect of tracking 企业在开展电子商务过程中一定要有明确的战略规划,在分析企业电子商务需求、可行性和目标的基础上,制定明确的战略规划,分阶段、按步骤、一步步来实施信息化,可以有效的利用电子商务和信息化软件来扩展企业销售,提升企业内部管理水平。Enterprise in the process of conducting e-commerce must have a clear strategic planning, based on the analysis of enterprise e-commerce needs, feasibility and objectives, on the basis of setting clear strategic planning, in stages, according to the steps, step by step to implement the informationization, can effective use of electronic commerce and information technology software to extend enterprise sales, promote the enterprise internal management level. 同时,还应当设立效果评估机制,战略规划任务分解细化以后,形成分阶段的任务目标,而完成的具体情况和实现的效益应当及时评估。通过评估可以实现对电子商务开展工作的一种长效的监督和管理机制,促进电子商务工作不断改进。At the same time, should also set up evaluation mechanism, strategic planning and task decomposition after refining, form the phased mission objectives, and all of the details and benefits shall timely assessment of the implementation. Through the assessment work can realize the electronic commerce of a long-acting mechanism of supervision and management, promoting e-commerce continuous improvement work. (3)选择正确的电子商务实施方式(3) choose the right way of e-business implementation 发展电子商务的关键问题是选择正确的实施方式。电子商务对于传统企业而言是一个全新的概念、全新的领域,他们建立的网站往往会由于不熟悉如何利用互联网特性进行经营管理而无法满足开展电子商务活动的具体要求。而且中小企业建立电子商务平台需要承担高昂的开发、建设成本以及市场宣传、网站推广等费用,并且还要保证网站能够得到及时的维护和更新,这对资金匮乏的中小企业来说显然是一个很大的负担。因此,中小企业可以考虑加入第三方电子商务网站或采用与ASP合作的方式开展电子商务。Development of electronic commerce the implementation of the key problem is to choose the right way. E-commerce for the traditional enterprise is a new concept, new domain, the website they established often due to not familiar with how to use the Internet features of operation and management and cant satisfy the specific requirements of developing electronic business activities. And small and medium-sized enterprises set up e-commerce platform need to bear the high cost of development, construction and marketing, website promotion, etc, and also to ensure that the site can get timely maintenance and update, the lack of funding for small and medium-sized enterprises is obviously a great burden. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprises can consider joining the third party e-commerce sites or adopt the way of cooperation with ASP to develop electronic commerce. (4)选择方便的物流配送及支付结算方式(4) choose convenient logistics distribution and the mode of payment and settlement 物流配送和支付结算方式是电子商务发展的两个瓶颈。企业自身无法从根本上解决,只能通过采取变通的方式来解决。目前,我国的配送方式主要有:公司自己配送、利用邮政网络配送、利用第三方物流公司配送等方式,企业应根据自身情况选择合适的物流方式,以保证配送的及时性。目前的支付方式有:在线支付、邮局汇款、货到付款等方式,而且货到付款是大部分企业现阶段采取的主要支付方式之一。Logistics distribution and payment and settlement way is two in the development of e-commerce bottleneck. Enterprise itself can not fundamentally solve, can only be solved by alternative ways. Distribution pattern mainly has: at present, the company own distribution and use of the postal network distribution, delivery, use of third party logistics company, enterprise should according to their own situation to choose the appropriate logistics mode, to ensure the timeliness of delivery. Current terms of payment are: online payment, postal remittance, payment methods such as delivery, and payment of the goods is at present most of the enterprises to take one of the main payment method. (5)建立高效的信息收集系统(5) to establish high efficient information collection system 在网络信息时代,谁能最先获得信息,谁就能获得市场,获得财富。中小企业想要成功的实施电子商务,就一定要建立一个高效的信息收集系统,对所获得的信息及时进行加工处理,了解市场的需求动向、企业自身的经营情况以及企业的产品在网上受欢迎的程度等情况,以便能够更好为消费者提供个性化服务,提高消费者的满意度。In the era of network information, who can get information first, who can gain market, gain wealth. Small and medium-sized enterprises want to succeed the implementation of the e-commerce, it must establish an efficient system of information collection, processing of information in a timely manner to understand the demand of the market trend, the enterprises own management and enterprise products on the Internets popularity, etc., in order to better provide consumers with personalized service, improve customer satisfaction. (6)加强人才的培养(6) to strengthen the cultivation of the talent 在电子商务活动的每一个过程、每一个领域中,都离不开人。目前,我国电子商务不