澳大利亚_文档1.doc

规模澳大利亚（Australia）是全球土地面积第六大的国家，国土面积比整个西欧大一半。澳大利亚不仅国土辽阔，而且物产丰富，是南半球经济最发达的国家，是全球第四大农业出口国，也是多种矿产出口量全球第一的国家。澳大利亚是一个移民国家，奉行多元文化，20%的居民出生在澳大利亚以外的国家和地区。澳大利亚也是一个体育强国，是全球多项体育盛事的常年举办国。中文名称： 澳大利亚联邦 英文名称： The Commonwealth of Australia 简称： 澳大利亚 所属洲： 大洋洲 首都： 堪培拉 主要城市： 堪培拉，悉尼，墨尔本 国庆日： 1月26日 国歌： 澳大利亚，前进 国家代码： AU 官方语言： 英语 货币： 澳元 政治体制： 联邦制 国家领袖： 总理吉拉德，外长陆克文 人口数量： 2170万人(2009年3月) 主要民族： 70%是英国及爱尔兰后裔 主要宗教： 圣公会教，罗马天主教 国土面积： 7,692,000平方公里 GDP总计： 7730亿美元(2007年度) 人均GDP： 37,300美元(2007年度) Australia (Australia) is the sixth largest global land area of the country, than the whole of Europe land area big half. Australia not only, and abundant land and vast southern hemisphere, is the most economically developed countries, is the worlds fourth largest agricultural exporter, also is many mineral exports in the first country global. Australia is a country of immigrants, carries out the multicultural, 20 percent of residents was born in Australia other countries and regions. Australia is also a sports powerhouses, is a global sporting event perennial host several. Chinese name: the Australian federal English name: The Commonwealth of Australia Abbreviation: Australia Subordinate continent: Oceania Capital: Canberra Major cities: Canberra, Sydney, Melbourne National Day: January 26th National anthem: Australia, forward Country code: AU The official language: English Currency: $ Political system: federalism National leader, foreign minister Kevin rudd: prime minister gillard Population: 21.7 million (March 2009) Main national: 70 percent is UK and Irish descendants Major religions: Anglican teach, Roman Catholic Land area: 7,692,000 square kilometers GDP 7730 billion total: (2007) GDP per capita: $37,300 (2007)澳大利亚英语偏向英式澳洲最早是英国的殖民地，被用来发配犯人，后来又有大量淘金者涌入。澳洲口音常常省略辅音h，直接发后面的元音。比如how经常发成“ow。澳洲人称朋友为mate，而且喜欢夸张的发成Myte。于是有一个著名的笑话，说澳洲游客总喜欢缠着导游说：“Where are we going to die?(我们到哪里去死？原文是Where are we going today? 澳洲人把today念成to die1. 澳大 利 亚英语的单词尾r，和英国英语一样不发音，辅音部分也和英国标准英语(Received Pronunciatinn,简称RP)很接近，有三种情况例外:(1) 象 m ilk和Pul等词中的I,转化为元音:/tniuk/或/.Iuk/;(2) / /t在 词尾时，有点送气:bat-/ bth/;(3) 词 尾 的 八 /有时轻化为/a/，使得lete、听起来象letuces. 2.澳大利亚英语的元音数金和R1相同，但发音方法和音位不同，规律如下:.:( I) 长单 元音Ii/变为双元音:beat.ba th/;(2) 长 后 元音/u/变为中元音，并常常变为双元音:goose-丫幼 s/ /gus/(3) 象 h ard,la ugh,p as，中的元音均变为长中元音;(4) 象 he re,th ere,su er中的双元音有单元音化的倾向。(5) 双 元 音/ei/g位变低了，许多人发音成/Di/,t ail-/t ai/l tile-/tDII/(6) g e t和 hat中的2F单元音比RP更趋同，所以澳大利亚英语hat中元音和RP巾的元音相同，get的元音和/e/一样。(7) 词 尾 - ad 、-est、-es和一ness发音为元音/a/，而不是RP中的/I/。这种差别相当明显，常引起误解。如，澳大利亚英语中的patted和villages听起来象是RP中的pattered和villager,。此外，过去分词一n也常常发音成/r,如flo wn 一一 一一一一/flouan/gro wn 一一 -/groudn/ab wn t- 一一/souan/澳大 利 亚 英语听起来更接近英国英语，下面JL个词的发音最能反映澳大利亚人的出身地卜耐，p日tied, railway大城市悉尼-悉尼（Sydney）是新南维尔士州州府，位于澳大利亚东南海岸，是澳洲最大、历史最悠久的城市之一，2000年悉尼奥运会使悉尼的国际声望和知名度空前提高。这里气候宜人、环境优美。 广义的悉尼即所谓大悉尼包括悉尼市和附近44个小城市，面积12000多平方公里，人口420万左右。 悉尼是澳大利亚第一大城市，也是商业、贸易、金融、旅游和文化中心。 作为一个国际大都市，悉尼基础设施完善发达，交通便利快捷。作为旅游胜地，悉尼有著名的有悉尼歌剧院、港口大桥、岩石区、环形码头、麦觉里广场、情人港、博物馆、美术馆、以及大大小小的国家公园等。悉尼的海滩星罗棋布，风格各有千秋。作为文化中心，悉尼有著名的悉尼大学，悉尼科技大学，麦考瑞大学，西悉尼大学等。 Is the state state, located in Nashville, and the southeast coast of Australia, Australias largest, is one of the oldest city, Sydney 2000 Sydney games make the international reputation and popularity unprecedented increase. The pleasant climate, the environment is exquisite. The generalized Sydney or so-called big Sydney including Sydney 44 small city and nearby, area more than 12,000 square kilometers and a population of 420 million or so. Sydney is Australias second big city and commercial, trade, finance, tourism and cultural center. As an international metropolis, Sydney perfect infrastructure developed, the transportation is convenient and quick. As a tourist resort, a famous Sydney harbour bridge, Sydney opera house, rocks, circular quay, wheat sleep in the square, QingRenGang, museums, art galleries, and greatly small national park, etc. Sydney beach huts, the style is different. As a cultural center, Sydney famous university of Sydney, Sydney university of technology, Macquarie university, west university of Sydney, etc. 墨尔本-墨尔本（Melbourne）位于澳大利亚的东南海滨，濒菲利普港湾顶端的亚拉河口，是维多利亚州的首府，市区占地800余平方公里，是仅次于悉尼的全国第二大城市。墨尔本城市布局整齐美观，气候得宜，被列为全世界最适合居住的三大城市之一，以“花园之都”闻名世界，市区周围环绕着翠绿的公园，美不胜收。 现在墨尔本是澳洲海、陆、空交通枢纽。工业以汽车制造、石油提炼、炼铝、纺织为主。墨尔本比较著名的大学有：墨尔本大学，莫那士大学，迪肯大学，维多利亚大学等等。In Australia, southeast seashore yangzhou-the top of port Phillip bay YaLaHe mouth, is the capital of Victoria, urban covers an area YuPingFang kilometers, is second only to 800 the nations second largest city of Sydney. Melbourne city layout tidy and beautiful, climate appropriate, the worlds most was listed as one of the three cities are suitable for living, with garden city world famous, surrounded by green park, stunning. Now Melbourne is Australian sea, land and air transportation hub. Industry on auto manufacturing, oil refining, smelting aluminium, textile mainly. Melbourne is known as the university has: Melbourne university, the university, mautners dickon university, the university of Victoria, etc.堪培拉- 澳大利亚首都堪培拉（Canberra）位于澳大利亚首都直辖区东北部，市区被以格里芬名字命名的湖分成两大部分，北侧为都市山，南侧为首都山，以此为中心向四周逐渐延伸。1963年人工建成的格里芬湖周长35公里，面积为704公顷，横跨格里芬湖的康芒韦尔斯桥和金斯桥将市区的南北两部分连接起来。湖心有为纪念库克船长上岸200周年而建的“纪念库克船长喷泉”，喷水时水柱高达137米。湖中的阿斯彭岛上建有一个钟塔。它是英国为纪念堪培拉奠基50周年而赠送的。其中大钟重达吨，小的只有公斤，共有53个。市内建有澳大利亚国立大学、堪培拉大学、堪培拉技术学院、高等教育学院、圣施洗约翰教堂和澳大利亚国家战争纪念馆等。The Australian capital Canberra (Canberra) is located in the Australian capital straight in northeast, downtown area of lake named griffin is divided into two parts, north of the city mountain, mount for the capital, which south for center around to gradually outspread. 1963 artificially built into the griffin lake area, perimeter for 35 kilometers across griffin lake 704km hectares, the kang mans Wells bridge and the north and south of downtown Wilkins bridge will connect the two parts. Treasured landed plaque commemorating captain cook built 200th anniversary commemoration captain cook when spraying water fountains, as 137 meters. The lake on the island aspen built a bell tower. It is England to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the foundation of Canberra gift. Among them the clock weighed 6 tons, small, only seven kilograms, a total of 53. The Australian national university, built in the city of university of Canberra, Canberra higher education institute of technology, John the Baptist college, holy church and Australia national war memorial, etc.布里斯班-布里斯班（Brisbane）位于澳大利亚东南沿海，濒临莫来顿湾，市区内有布里斯班河穿过，其1 200km2的市域内生活着140万人口。布里斯班是昆士兰州的首府，也是澳大利亚的第三大城市，由于这里有不少树袋熊（考拉）保护区，因而又被人们称为“考拉之都”。 布里斯班有着迷人的自然风光，布里斯班河在市中心流过，多种多样的动植物在这里生活；此外，昆士兰文化中心位于布里斯班河南岸、维多利亚桥的南侧，是布里斯班的艺术重镇。中心包括昆士兰大学、昆士兰理工大学、格里菲斯大学、昆士兰博物馆、昆士兰美术馆、昆士兰州图书馆及综合表演艺术中心，集中体现了澳大利亚文化、艺术等方面的成就。Located in southeast coast of Australia, is on the verge of mullite bolton bay, in Brisbane river through downtown, its 1 200km2 within the urban living 1.4 million population. Brisbane, the capital of Queensland, Australias third largest city, is because here are many koalas (koala) reserves, and are known as koala all. Brisbane has charming natural scenery, Brisbane river flows in downtown, a wide variety of plants and animals living here; In addition, Queensland cultural center is located in Brisbane henan land, Victoria bridge, is the art of Brisbane, south of town. Center, including Queen