18世纪的英国历史背景ppt课件

Thebackgroundof18thcenturyinUK 1 1IndustrialRevolution2Politicalsystem3War4Societyandlife5Morality6Towns7Agriculture8Food9Furniture10Transport 2 IndustrialRevolution Time late18thcenturysteamenginesHigherlivingstandard morepeopleintownsandcitiesThefirstmechanizedindustry textileindustryTheUKwasthefirstindustrialcountryintheworld 3 Someinventions Thesafetypinin1849 Electricironin1882common1930s Drycleaningin1855 Thezipfastenerin1893 4 thepoliticalsystemtheconstitutionalmonarchy 君主立宪制度 Parties theTory 托利党 theWhig 辉格党 Parliament thePrimeMinister首相His HerCabinet内阁theHouseofLords上院theHouseofCommons下院 5 War Thereignofkingsorqueen QueenAnne 1702 1714 George1 1714 1727 George2 1727 1760 George3 1760 1820 theWarofSpanishSuccessionwithFrance1702 1714theWarofAustrianSuccession1740 1748theSevenYears WarwithFrance1756 1763Bytheendof18thcenturyEnglandhadbecometheleadingNavalpowerinEurope 6 SocietyandLife 1 Population midof18th2millionlateover9million2 Mainformofwealth owninglandPoliticalpowerandinfluence landowners3 Class topnobilitybelowrichlandowner gentrymiddlemerchantsandprofessionalmenbelowcraftsmenandlaborers 7 TheTimes NewspapersandJournals partiesideasmiddleclassopinionsonpoliticalandmoralproblems 8 5 Coffeehouse informalmeetinghousetime laterhalfof17and18centuryPeople allclassesclubs 9 Thenewmorality AgainstthefanaticismofthePuritansEnjoypeaceandprosperity 10 Town Obviously largerParticularly intheMidlandandtheNorthofEnglandLondonnearly1millionendofcentury 11 Agriculture TransformedbytheindustrialrevolutionInvention seeddrillmostlandsinto3fields Eachyear2fieldssownwithcropsthethirdwasleftfallow unused 12 Food Littlechange ordinarypeopleremainedplainandmonotonousPoorpeople breadandpotatoesTea verycommon 13 Furniture In1778JosephBramahinventedpatentedthemodernwatercloset 14 Transport turnpiketrusts 税收 收费高速公路 收税关卡firstin1663commonin18thcenturyCannelstraveldangeroushighwaymenSmugglin