高中非谓语动词练习题及答案.doc

精品文档 高中非谓语动词练习题及答案 非谓语动词动词不定式 动词不定式、分词和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。 动词不定式： 动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。 表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如： 作主语：To help each other is good.作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。We are to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。 作宾语：作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? 作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. 动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I dont think it right to do it that way. 作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. 作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to，但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. 结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能?”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day. 4、疑问词 + 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 5、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如：Its wrong of you not to attend the meeting. 6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系： 一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.，They often watch us play table tennis.； 完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in. 7、动词不定式的被动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如：What is to be done next hasnt been decided yet. 非谓语动词动词-ing形式 -ing形式：动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有 其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。 1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种 作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。Talking is easier than doing. ing作主语时，如果其结 构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。如：It isnt much good writing to them again. Its no use waiting here. 作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps. 作宾语：作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much.；作某些短语动词的宾语。 Mary is thinking of going back to New York.； do+限定词+ -ing，表示“做?事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? 作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.；作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading. ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again? 作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外，-ing作定语用时，其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的，如果不是同时进行的，就不能用-ing作定语，要使用定语从句，如：The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well. 作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注：当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足 语用时，句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语，可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。 作状语：时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while，如：When crossing street, you must be careful. 原因状语：Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel. 4、被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours. 5、被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。如：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 6、-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中，这种结构如作宾语用，其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格，名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替，如：She insisted on Peters going there first. 7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来，表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时，多用动词不定式，如：Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesnt want to play it today. 8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时，其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生，而动词不定式作定语时，其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如：The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write. 9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。不定式作宾补时，其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作宾补，表示其动作正在进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程，如：I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。 10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的或结果状语，如：Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside. 非谓语动词过去分词 over, all left the room. 作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替，如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks. 2、-ing形式与过去分词的区别： 语态不同：-ing形式表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说；the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众。 时间关系不同：现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往是已经完成的动作，如：The changing world正在发生的世界；the changed world已经起了变化的世界。 易错易混点 1疑问词 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 2动词不定式的否定式：由not 动词不定式构成. 3v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。 v-ing形式：表示抽象或泛指的动作。 不定式：表示具体某一次的动作。 She likes playing the piano, but she doesnt want to play it today. 4v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。 v-ing形式：动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 不定式：动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后。 eg. The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well. I have three letters to write. 5v.-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。 不定式作宾补时，其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后， 如：I have told them to come again tomorrow. 在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用v.-ing形式作宾补，表示其动作正在进行中，而 用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程， 如：I hear her singing in the room. 我听见她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room. 我听见她在屋里唱过歌。 6v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。 v-ing形式：表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况。 不定式：作目的或结果状语。 7v.-ing形式与过去分词的区别： 语态不同：v.-ing形式表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。 an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说；the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众 时间关系不同：现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作，而过去分词所表示 的动作，往往是已经完成的动作，如： the changing world正在变化的世界the changed world已经变化了的世界 8独立主格结构：有时v.-ing和过去分词在句中也有自己的独立的主语，这种独立的主语 一般为名词或代词，和v.-ing还有过去分词构成独立主格结构。该结构在句中一般只作状语。 独立主格中是使用v.-ing还是过去分词，则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的主动或被 动关系来定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注意：独立结构中的being或having been常可省去，如： The meeting_over, all left the room. 作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替，如： She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks. She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks. 非谓语的解题步骤或思路 先判断空格部分所需的是主句，从句还是非谓语动词。 独立的句子， 从句或非谓语 独立的句子 加句号，分号或破折号的话，后再加一个独立的句子。 独立的句子， 有and,but, so 等词 加独立的句子。 再根据主句的主语，来判断主动或被动； 接下来再判断时态， 如果是否定的话，not一定要放在非谓语的前面 一定不要忘记主语一致的原则，如果不一致的话，要把非谓语的独立主语加上。 非谓语动词专练 1._ more attention,the trees could have grown better. A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.Giving 2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.to be written B.written C.being written D.having written 3.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A.to play B.play C.to be playing D.playing 4._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him. A.To lose B.Lost C.Having lost D.Losing 5.When passing me he pretended _ me. A.to see B.not having seen C.to have not seen D.not to have seen 6.The children insisted _ there on foot. A.they going B.they would go C.on their goingD.going 7.He still remembers _ to Shanghai when he was very young. A.taking B.being taken C.takenD.having taken 8._ the railway station,we had a break,only _ the train had left. A.Arriving at;to findB.Coming to;discovering that C.On arriving at;finding out D.Hurrying to;to have found out 9.With the boy _ the way,we had no trouble _ the way _ to Zhongshan Park. A.leading;finding;leading B.to lead;found;to lead C.led;finding;led D.leading;found;led 10._ these pictures,I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Being and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more beautiful. A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen 11.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A.to have sailed B.to sail C.sailing D.sail 12.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air _ against your face. A.moved B.movingC.moves D.to move 13._ is known to all,China will be an _ and powerful country in0 or 30 years? time. A.That;advancing B.This;advanced C.As;advancedD.It;advancing 14.While shopping,people sometimes can?t help _ into buying something they don?t really need. A.persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded 15.There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A.followed B.followingC.to be followedD.being followed 16.Please excuse my _ in without _ . A.come;permitted B.coming;permitted C.comimg;being permitted D.to come;being permitted 17._ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _ then. A.Holding;being heldB.Held;holding C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held 18.Did you hear her _ this pop song this time the other day? Yes,and I heard this song _ in English. A.sing;singing B.sung;sungC.sung;singing D.singing;sung 19.The question _ now at the meeting is not the question _ yesterday. A.discussed;discussed B.discussing;had discussed C.being discussed;discussed D.discussing;discussing 20.With the cooking _ ,I went on _ some sewing. A.done;to do B.being done;doing C.to be done;doing D.to have done;doing 21.It is no use _ your past mistakes. A.regrettingB.regretC.to regret D.regretted 22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing _ to her,only _ her five children. A.left;to leaveB.leaving;leavingC.leaving;left D.left;leaving 23.I am very busy.I have a very difficult problem _ . A.to work B.to work out C.to be worked out D.to work it out 24.I would appreciate _ back this affernoon. A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you? re calling 25.Climbing mountains was _ ,so we all felt _ . A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired 26.I saw some villagers _ on the bench at the end of the room. A.seating B.seat C.seatedD.seated themselves 27.She was glad to see her child well _ care of. A.takeB.to be taken C.takenD.taking 28.It is one of the important problems _ tomorrow. A.to solve B.to be solvedC.solved D.solving 29._ maps properly,you need a special pen. A.Drawn B.Drawing C.To draw D.Be drawing 30.There is a river _ around our school. A.to run B.runC.running D.to be running 31.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A.to takeB.take C.taking D.to be taken 32.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set _ when I got home. A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealingC.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing 33.Whth the kindhearted boy _ me with my work,Im sure Ill be able to spare time _ with your work. A.to help;help you out B.helping;helping you C.helped;to help you out D.to help;to help you 34.Greatly movedd by her words, _ . A.tears came to his eyes B.he could hardly hold back his tears C.tears could hardly be held back D.his eyes were filled with tears. 35.I hope the children wont touch the dog. I?ve warned them _ . A.notB.not to C.not touch D.not do 36.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A.to go B.to have gone C.goingD.having gone 37.When _ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and said nothing. A.been asked B.asked C.asking D.to be asked 38.The man kept silent in the room unless _ . A.spoken toB.spoke to C.spoken D.to speak 39.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle. A.ride;rideB.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding 40.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _ . A.not toB.not to do C.not do it D.do not to 41.What?s troubling them is _ enough experienced workers. A.that they have to B.they have not C.their not having D.not their having 42._ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A.Not knowing B.Knowing not C.Not having known D.Having not know 43.Bamboo is used _ houses in some places . A.to build B.to building C.to be built D.being built 44.Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one. A.to do B.doing C.withD.to be doing 45.The day we looked forward to _ . A.come B.comingC.has come D.have come 46.Whom would you rather _ the work? A.to have to do B.to have do C.have to doD.have do 47.Do you think it any good _ with him again? A.to talk B.talking C.to talkingD.having talked 48.Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before _ . A.accepting fullyB.being fully acceptedC.fully accepting D.fully being accepted 49.The government forbids _ such bad books. A.publishedB.to publish C.publishD.publishing 50. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college. A. enter B. to enterC. entering D. entered 51. He knows nothing about it, so he cant help _ any of your work. A. doing B. to do C. being doingD. to be done 52. All her time _ experiments, she has no time for films. A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing 53. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to makeC. not making D. do not make 54. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. to be tiedB. being tied C. tied D. having tied 55. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding 56. -“Do you have anything more _, sir?” -“No. You can have a rest or do something else.” A. typingB. to be typedC. typedD. to type 57. She took her son， ran out of the house, _ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctors office. A. putB. to putC. puttingD. having put 58. The boss insisted that every minute _ made full use of _ the work well. A. be, to doB. was, doingC. be, doingD. was, to do 59. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD. to carry out 60. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _ at last. A. to has comeB. to have comeC. to having comeD. has come 61. _ the road round to the right and youll find his house. A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed 62. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting 63. When youre learning to drive, _ a good teacher makes a big difference. A. haveB. havingC. and haveD. and having 64. I felt it a great honour _ to speak to you. A. to askB. askingC. to be a