被动语态讲解及练习(附答案)

精品文档 1欢迎下载 初中被动语态讲解及配套练习初中被动语态讲解及配套练习 一 主动语态与被动语态的概念 英语动词的语态有两种 主动语态 表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态 表示主语是动作的承受者 常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用 例 They speak English 主动语态 主 谓 宾 English is spoken by them 被动语态 主 谓 介词短语 注 及物动词有被动语态 不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态 例 We listen to the teacher carefully in class 主 谓 宾 The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class 主 谓 介词短语 e laughed at him He was laughed at by us 二 被动语态的结构与用法 结构 be done 过去分词 被动语态中的 be 为助动词 无意义 be 可能是 am is are 也可能是 was were 或 原形 be 注 被动语态的时态是由 be 的时态决定的 be 是什么时态 全句就是什么时态 be 后面的过去分词不变 用法 精品文档 2欢迎下载 例 istory is made by the people 一般现在时 he cars were made in Tianjing in 1995 一般过去时 The tree will be cut down next year 一般将来时 he room must be kept clean 含有情态动词的被动语态 The door is being opened 现在进行时 The film has been seen by me 现在完成时 注 我们初中主要掌握前面四种的用法 时 态 动词的被动形式 例 句 一般现在时 is done He is asked to do this 一般过去时 was done The story was told by her mother 一般将来时 will be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow 现在进行时 is being done The novel is being written 过去进行时 was being done At that time the desk was being made 现在完成时 has been done The house has been built 过去完成时 had been done They said that their work had been finished 过去将来时 would be done He said the trees would be planted soon 三 被动语态的各种句型 he song is liked by young people 肯定句 he song isn t liked by young people 否定句 Is the song liked by young people 一般疑问句 Who is the song liked by By whom is the song liked 特殊疑问句 精品文档 3欢迎下载 四 主动语态改被动语态的方法 方法分为三步 把原句中的宾语改成主语 动词改为变动形式 be done 同时注意时态 原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词 by 后面 以指明做事的 人或物 如果没有必要则省去 例 The man killed a tiger A tiger was killed by the man 改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面 五 特殊句型的被动语态 含有使役动词 make let have 或感官动词 hear see listen to look at find watch feel 等 的句子 在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带 to 的动词不定式 但 是在改成被动语态时 则一定要把省去的 to 再加上去 另外 help 这一个词在主动语态 中后面的动词不定式可以带 to 也可不带 to 但在被动语态中也必须把 to 加上去 例 Mother often makes me do some housework I am often made to do some housework by mother We saw him run into the classroom He was seen to run into the classroom by us teach give pass show buy tell 等动词常常带有两个宾语 双宾语 直接宾语 和间接宾语 改为被动语态时 两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语 如果直接宾语被 提前作主语 那么间接宾语 一般是人 前要加相应的介词 to for 例 he gave me a pen She gave a pen to me I was given a pen by her A pen was given to me by her 精品文档 4欢迎下载 My father bought me a new bike My father bought a new bike for me I was bought a new bike by my father A new bike was bought for me by my father 由不及物动词 vi 介词 副词 宾语的句子改成被动语态时 介词或副词不能丢掉 前面已举过两例 例 e should speak to old people politely Old people should be spoken to politely by us He took away the box The box was taken away by him 含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态 宾补放在原来位置不变 例 We call him Xiao Ma 主 谓 宾 宾补 e is called Xiao Ma by us He found the book very interesting The book was found very interesting by him 六 没有被动语态的动词 1 没有被动语态的词 表示状态或特征的及物动词如 cost fit have suit 等没 有被动形式 另外 诸如 happen take place break out 爆发 break down 坏了 等不及物动词或短语以及诸如 result from 缘于 belong to consist of 等只用主 动语态 而不用被动语态 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态 appear die disappear end vi 结束 fail last lie remain sit spread 传播 stand come true fall asleep 精品文档 5欢迎下载 大多数系动词 be feel 摸起来 sound 听起来 look 看起来 smell 闻起来 taste 尝起来 等词无被动语态 它们的主动形式表示被动意义 例 he skirt feels very soft 这件裙子摸起来很柔软 Many changes have happened in our hometown The film lasted for 3 hours 被动语态配套练习被动语态配套练习 一 单项选择 1 One or two man made satellites in our country every year A have been sent up B will be sent up C is sent up D are sent up 2 Our TV set yesterday A is repaired B was repaired C had been repaired D would be repaired 3 A new building in our school next year A will be built B is built C is being built D has been built 4 Many books on science since I went to college A were bought B have been bought C will be bought D are bought 5 A wonderful English talk by Mr Liu tomorrow A has been given B is given C is being given D will be given 6 How the Great Pyramid 金字塔 many years ago without modern machines A is built B would be built C have been built D was built Food and clothes by women A is often talk about B are often talked C are often talked about D often talked about 8 the work yet A is finished B Will be finished C Has been finished D Would be finished 9 Such films by children like you A must be not seen B must not be see C must not seen D must not be seen 精品文档 6欢迎下载 10 Trees in winter but in spring A not can be planted B can be not planted C can t be planted D can not be plant 11 This kind of cars in Japan ten years ago A can only be made B could only made C be could only made D could only be made 12 Jack often does things foolishly so he sometimes by others A is laughed B is laughed at C was laughed D has been laughed at 13 The bear to the zoo tomorrow morning A may be send B may is sent C may be sent D is may sent 14 In the past ten year a lot of new buildings in our city A are put up B have put up C have been put D have been put up 15 Such films by children like you A must be not seen B must not be see C must not seen D must not be seen 二 用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空 1 Some top students send to study in foreign countries once a year 2 More and more schools build here later 3 Where are the apples I think they eat by those boys 4 Many new things invent in the last ten years 5 All the shoes sell out last week 6 How long the book can keep 7 Tom hide his shoes behind the tree So they not find easily 8 The babies here take good care of every day 9 We open the box and two new coats see in it 10 His new novel finish next week 三 根据短文意思填空 English be very widely use It speak by people in England the United States Australia and many other countries It be one of the working languages at international meetings Most international business letters write in English And quite a few books and magazines write in English too If you know English you find yo