语义学练习题.doc

Semantics1. What is semantics?A: Semantics examines how meaning is encoded in a language. It is not only concerned with meanings of words as lexical items, but also with levels of language bolow the word and above it, e.g. meanings of morphemes and sentences.2.What are major branches of linguistics? what does each study? A: (1).Phonetics-its defined as the study of the phonic medium of language, its concerned with all the sounds that occur in the worlds languages. (2).Phonology:the study of sounds systemsthe inventory of distinctive sounds that occur in a language and the patterns into which they fall. (3).Morphology: Its a branch of a grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. (4).Syntax: Its a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of a language. (5).Semantics: Its simply defined as the study of meaning in abstraction. (6).Pragmatics: the study of meaning in context of words. 3.Two aspects of Sentence meaning:A: grammatical and semantic meaning. 4.Selectional restrictions- A:Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules. 5.How are sense and reference related? A.Sense refers to the inherent meaning of a linguistic form, which is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form, its abstract and de-contextualized. Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world, it is a matter of relationship between the form and reality. 6.Whats grammaticality? what might take a grammatically meaningful sentence semantically meaningless? Grammaticality:the grammatical well-formedness of a sentence. A sentence may be well-formed grammatically, i.e. it conforms to the grammatical rules of the language, but it is not necessarily semantically well-formed, i.e. it may not make sense at all.7. T or F :(1).Semantics is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules that form the word. ( F )(2).Semantics is the study of how sounds are organized and used in natural languages. ( F )(3).Semantics is the study of meaning, usually in language. The word “ semantics ” itself denotes a range of ideas, from the popular to the highly technical. (T)(4).Semantics is generally considered to be the study of meaning in language. ( T )(5).Semantics is the study of meaning from the linguistic point of view. ( T )(6).Semantics is the main part of linguistics.(T )(7).The same semantic feature occurs in one part of speech only. For example, female occurs only in nouns such as mother, woman girl tigress and so on but not in other parts of speech. ( F )8.The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication is _A. morphology B.general linguisticsC.phonology D.semantics ( C )9.Componential analysis is a method applied in the field of _A. phonetics B.syntaxC.semantics D.pragmatics ( C )10.The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _. A.semantics B.pragmatics C.sociolinguistics D.psycholinguistics ( B ) 11.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as _.( B ) A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult12.Predication analysis is a way to analyze_ meaning.A.phoeme B.word C.phrase D.sentence (D)13.The four major modes of semantic change are_A.extension,narrowing,elevation and degradationB.extension,generalization,elevation and degradationC.extension,narrowing,specialization and degradationD.extension ,elevation, amelioration and degradation(A)14.Componential analysis is a method applied in the field of _A.phonetics B.syntax C.semantics D.pragmatics (C)15.Indicate that:(1).Semantics is a branch of study of linguistics. ( Concerning other linguistic disciplines)(2).The original of the term “semantics” should be clarified we want to to