08(春)护专练习1.doc

上海交通大学网络学院医学院分院2008（春）、2007（秋）年级毕业理论综合考试练习卷（1）专业：护理学（专科）一、英语（30%）：I Vocabulary & StructureDirections: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1 Iron has an important role to play in the _ working of the human body and is vital to healthy living. A. efficient B.favorite C. primary D.current2 I started to read newspapers and magazines more, and, for just about the first time in my life, I began to take an interest in _ affairs. A. personal B. current C. ancient D.Social3 Id like to _ that students should be allowed more time for independent study. A. propose B.command C. arrange D.steer4 According to the law in this state, nobody is _ to possess the weapons privately.A. prohibited B. allowed C. stopped D. promoted5 People are clearing the snow from the road _ they can walk safely.A.lest B.in spite of C.since D.so that 6 Mother _ my brother to keep his voice down but he ignored her.A.remarkedB. motioned C.shrugged D. impressed7 I was shocked by the conditions in the factory, which _ definite health and safety hazards. A. constitutedB. masked C. enclose D. consolidated8 Though a successful writer, he lived a _ life with the early loss of his wife and daughter.A. complex B. minor C. prosperous D. tragic9Mr. Trump would not _ details of his plan for a new factory to make mobile phones in China.A.exposeB.reveal C.indicate D.enclose10Have you _ enough time to do quality work and meet the companys standards?A.brought aboutB.leaned on C.taken overD.put in11The boss told his secretary to _ his order without delay.A.hold upB.talk over C.carry out D.set aside12When he asked her to marry him, she wanted to know what his _ were.A. compliments B. privilegesC. intentionsD. attitudes13_ the good work, and you will be rewarded for it.A. Wear out B. Count outC. Bring upD. Keep up14With everyone trying his best, the work team _ the task within the shortest time. A. committedB. accomplished C. endured D. occupied15If doing one thing gives you an unpleasant feeling, the normal _ would be to stop doing it.A. perspective B. emotionC. reactionD. function16His house is in a wealthy _ with a school, a hospital, banks and shops. A. neighborhood B. basisC. routeD. occasion17The project manager _ told us that we could leave early today. It was _ to think about what I could do with this extra time.A. excitedly exciting B. excitedly excitedC. excitingly exciting D. excitingly excited18_ until you have finished your homework _ have the ice-cream.A. Not you may B. It is not you may C. Not may youD. It is not may you19_ 50 years since my parent got married.A. It isB. There areC. It was D. There have been20The Indians have their rights, so the Americans who forced them off their land _ have done that!A. mustntB. wouldntC. shouldntD. couldnt21As Christmas _ _, many shops begin their sales campaigns to attract shoppers. A. sets offB.draws nearC.comes throughD.holds up22_ tell the truth to the dying patient.A.Be not sure to B.Dont be sure toC.Be sure not to D.Be sure to not23On that holiday children like to be dressed up _ strange clothes and knock at every door to ask for candy.A.by B.withC.on D.in24_ adequate preparations, the team will probably win the championship again this year. A.If B.With C.UnderD. Unless25However, promotion is not always easy to achieve, as I _ when I firstreturned to work in 1977 after my degree course. A.turned out B. acted out C. found out D. sought out IIReading Comprehension Directions: There is a passage in this part. The passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose the best answer to each question based on the passage.Passage ：Probably no aspect of nutrition is more discussed than that of calories. People say that they “eat” too many calories or not enough calories. They associate calories with their weight. We need to know what is meant by calories, how many calories an individual needs each day, and which foods are good sources of calories and which are poor. Every engine requires fuel. The automobile runs only so long as it has a supply of gasoline. The furnace heats the house only when oil, gas, or coal is fed into it. The human body, like an engine, requires fuel to carry on all of its activities and to keep it warm. Every moment of our lives some energy is being used by the body- for every breath we draw, every beat of the heart, the blinking of the eyelid, the lifting of heavy weights, or any activity whatsoever. The carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the foods we eat are the potential sources of energy for all body activities. Unlike the engine, the body will draw upon its own substance when no food is provided. Strictly speaking, we dont eat “calories”. Just as we can measure length in centimeters or inches and weight in kilograms or pounds, so we can measure energy values of foods or energy needs of the body in units called calories. The calorie is a measure of heat. By definition, one large calorie, more correctly called a kilocalorie (kcal), is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1000 gm of water by 1. In nutrition the large calorie is always used, whether it is written with a smallccalorie, or a capitalCcalorie. It is 1000 times as great as the small calorie unit used in chemistry and physics. Take an adult as an example. For his basal metabolism he requires about one kilocalorie per kilogram per hour. Thus, a woman weighing 55kg (121 lb) would have a basal metabolism of approximately 1320 kcal (15524). A man weighing 70 kg (154 lb) would have a basal metabolism of 1680 kcal (17024). 26. Like an engine, the human body requires _. A. food to carry on all of its activitiesB. oxygen to carry on all of its activitiesC. fuel to carry on all of its activitiesD. water to carry on all of its activities27. The potential sources of energy for all body activities are _.A. carbohydrates, vitamins and proteinsB. fats, proteins and waterC. carbohydrates, water and inorganic saltsD. carbohydrates, fats and proteins28. We measure energy values of foods in units called _.A. centimetersB. caloriesC. kilogramsD. pounds29.The calorie is a measure of _.A. heatB. energyC. temperatureD. weight30. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1000 gm of water by 1 is known as a _.A. caloriesB. kilocalorieC. small calorieD. kilogram二、健康评估（25%）：A型题（最佳选择题）31. 因抢救危重急症患者而未能完成的护理记录应在抢救结束后的：A 2小时内如实补记 B 4小时内如实补记 C 6小时内如实补记D 12小时内如实补记 E 24小时内如实补记32腹部评估的主要方法是：A. 视诊 B. 触诊 C. 叩诊 D. 听诊 E.嗅诊33以下护理诊断中陈述正确的是： A. 有皮肤完整性受损的危险：与护士不及时给患者翻身有关B. 疼痛，胸痛：与心绞痛有关 C. 有受伤的危险：与护士未加床挡有关D. 社交障碍：与患者缺乏道德有关 E . 知识缺乏：与缺乏相关信息来源有关34正常成人双侧肺野的叩诊音是： A 清音 B 鼓音 C 浊音 D 实音 E 过清音35以下属于中心性发绀的特点的是 A 多出现在四肢末梢 B 皮肤温暖 C 加温可消失 D 按摩可消失 E 多出现在躯体下垂部位36患者无自主运动，但对疼痛刺激有躲避反应，见于 A意识模糊 B 深昏迷 C 浅昏迷 D 嗜睡 E 昏睡37 左心衰竭肺淤血时咯血的特点是：A.铁锈色血痰 B.砖红色胶冻样血痰 C. 黏稠暗红色血痰 D.浆液性泡沫样痰 E. 浆液性粉红色泡沫样痰38下列可引起呼气性呼吸困难的是 A 喉水肿 B 急性会厌炎 C 气管异物 D 阻塞性肺气肿 E喉癌39风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者面容的典型特征是 A唇舌肥厚、耳鼻增大 B. 双颊紫红、口唇发绀 C.表情痛苦、面色潮红D. 面圆如满月、皮肤发红 E. 眼裂增大、眼球突出40能鉴别呕血与咯血的是 A. 出血的量 B. 是否经口腔排出 C. 排出物的颜色 D. 排出物的酸碱 E. 有无休克的表现41腹泻伴里急后重示病变部位在 A 直肠乙状结肠 B 小肠 C 胃 D 横结肠 E 升结肠42患者女，14岁。近月来出现皮肤巩膜黄染。检测HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc均阴性。初步诊断为溶血性黄疸。如诊断正确，下列症状中一般不会出现：A 贫血、乏力 B 脾肿大 C 皮肤瘙痒、陶土样粪便 D 尿色加深，似茶水 E 血液中非结合胆红素升高明显43粘液性水肿出现于： A营养不良患者 B 肝病患者 C甲状腺功能减退患者 D肾病患者 E 心脏病患者44左心房肥大时P波呈 ，常被称为 P波。 A. 双峰型，二尖瓣型 B. 双峰型，肺型 C. 高尖型，二尖瓣型D. 高尖型，肺型 E. 以上都不对45 某患者心电图检查示：阶段性发作以早搏形式出现的连续3个或3个以上宽大畸形的QRS波，节律基本整齐，频率在150220次/min左右，该患者出现的心律失常属 A 房性期前收缩 B.室性期前收缩 C.阵发性室上性心动过速D.阵发性室性心动过速 E.室颤46. 对急性心肌梗死诊断价值最大的心电图特征是：A 冠状T波 B 单纯异常Q波 C 单纯ST段抬高D ST段压低0.10mV E 异常Q波，ST段弓背抬高同时出现47个体对自己身体外形以及身体功能的认识与评价，属于自我概念中的：A 体像 B 自我认同 C 自尊 D 社会认同 E 自信48关于价值观与健康关系的表现，无关的内容是 A影响对健康问题的认识 B影响对治疗手段的选择 C影响药物应用的方法D影响对医疗保密措施的选择 E影响对疾病与治疗的态度49对压力的错误的描述是： A 压力是机体对刺激的反应状态，而不是刺激本身 B 从结果来看，压力都有是有害的C 生活中的任何事件，不管是正性的还是负性的都可成为压力源D 适当的压力有助于提高机体的适应能力 E 对评估压力时，个体间的差异是很大的50以下哪一项符合心源性水肿的特点？ A下垂部位，如内踝、卧位患者腰骶部首发； B胫前部位明显； C眼睑、颜面部首发； D以腹水为主要表现； E. 发展迅速，移动性大。51先天性心脏病人的蹲踞位、心力衰竭时的端坐位，均称为： A角弓反张位 B. 自动体位 C.被动体位 D.辗转体位 E. 强迫体位52. 正常成人的血红蛋白含量为：A 男150-180g/L； 女130-160g/L B 男120-160g/L；女110-150g/L C 男110-150g/L； 女100-130g/L D 男100-130g/L；女90-120g/L E 男100-120g/L； 女80-120g/L 53口服糖耐量试验，或两次不同时间测定，空腹血糖达到何值可以诊断为糖尿病？A 11.1mmol/L； B 10.5 mmol/L； C 8.9 mmol/L； D 7.0 mmol/L； E 6.1 mmol/L。54. 提示急性或慢性乙肝，HBV复制活跃，传染性大的是：A HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(+)、抗HBc(-)、抗HBs(-)、抗HBe(-)B HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(+)、抗HBc(+)、抗HBs(-)、抗HBe(-)C HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(-)、抗HBc(+)、抗HBs(-)、抗HBe(+)D HbsAg(-)、HBeAg(-)、抗HBc(+)、抗HBs(+)、抗HBe(-)E HBsAg(-)、HBeAg(-)、抗HBc(+)、抗HBs(-)、抗HBe(-)55发生输血反应时，首先应立即 A重作血型鉴定 B寻找责任人 C重作交叉配血 D中止输血 E做患者红细胞直抗三、内、外科护理学：（45%） A型题（最佳选择题）56.支气管哮喘最典型的临床表现是: A.流清鼻涕，连打喷嚏 B.发作性吸气性呼吸困难 C.混合性呼吸困难D.端坐呼吸 E.发作性呼气性呼吸困难57肺结核的主要传播途径是: A皮肤黏膜 B消化道 C呼吸道 D胎盘 E血液58I 型呼吸衰竭的定义除外: A缺氧 BPaO250mmHgD换气功能障碍 E并除外心内解剖分流59.大咯血时最危险的并发症是: A出血性休克 B窒息 C肺不张 D肺部感染 E贫血60左心衰竭患者最先出现的呼吸困难是: A夜间阵发性呼吸困难 B端坐呼吸 C急性肺水肿 D心源性哮喘 E劳力性呼吸困难61.下列心律失常中最严重的是: A室性早搏 B房性早搏 C心房颤动 D室性心动过速 E心室颤动62护理心源性水肿病人，不正确的方法是: A测体重、腹围每日1次 B每天食盐摄入量控制在5g以下 C一般每日进液量控制在1500ml以内 D下肢水肿时应抬高下肢 E定时协助或指导病人变换体位63.舌下含化作用最快的抗心绞痛药是： A.消心痛 B.单硝酸异山梨酯 C.硝酸甘油 D.阿司匹林 E.潘生丁64.关于高血压的药物治疗方法，错误的是: A从小剂量开始,逐步递增到血压水平满意 B选择长效制剂可以减少血压波动 C联合用药可减少药物不良反应 D血压控制满意后,可以停药E三种降压药物联合治疗,除有禁忌症外必须包括利尿剂65肝昏迷患者禁用何种溶液灌肠? A生理盐水 B肥皂水 C温开水 D50硫酸镁 E甘露醇66.上消化道出血最常见的原因是:A反流性食管炎 B食管憩室 C胃、十二指肠消化性溃疡 D急性糜烂性出血性胃炎 E食管胃底静脉糜烂出血67十二指肠溃疡作临床化验，下列哪种细菌与其发病关系密切? A幽门螺杆菌 B大肠杆菌 C链球菌 D金黄色葡萄球菌 E绿脓杆菌68.下列哪项不是胃溃疡癌变的特点? A进行性贫血，消瘦 B食欲减退 C返酸烧心加重D大便潜血持续阳性 E上腹痛的规律性消失69患者女性，22岁。与同学聚餐后2小时出现上腹部剧痛，伴恶心、呕吐3次，急诊入院。体检：37.9，血压110/75mmHg，血白细胞计数16.5109/L.。目前该患者首要的护理问题是: A焦虑 B体液不足 C体温升高 D疼痛 E潜在并发症：休克70.急性肾炎的临床表现正确的描述是: A.多发于13岁的小儿 B.发病前3天常有感染史C.常出现少尿、血尿及高血压 D.发病4周后尿量增多 E.血清补体C增高71.慢性肾功能衰竭晚期常出现的危急情况是: A头痛、呕吐 B贫血、出血 C呼吸困难D少尿、高血钾 E高血压或低血压 72.作尿培养和菌落计数时，正确的护理应是: A收集标本前用消毒剂充分清洗会阴 B留取在膀胱内停留68小时的尿液C留取初期尿液置于清洁容器内 D应留取患者停用抗菌药物后3天尿液E若尿标本不能立即检查时，应加适量防腐剂73骨髓中原始白细胞大于多少可诊断为白血病? A10 B20 C30 D40 E50%74.网织红细胞减少，主要见于: A缺铁性贫血 B出血性贫血 C再生障碍性贫血D溶血性贫血 E巨幼红细胞贫血75空腹血糖的正常范围: A.3.5-5.6mmol/L B.3.6-5.6mmol/L C.3.9-5.6 mmol/LD.3.6-5.9 mmol/L E.3.5-5.3mmol/L 76甲状腺功能亢进症病人高代谢症群的主要表现是: A疲乏无力 B怕热多汗 C午后低热 D皮肤温暖 E突眼77熟悉各种传染病潜伏期最重要的意义在于: A协助传染病的诊断 B估计病情的严重性 C有利于切断传播途径D确定传染病的检疫期限 E预测疾病的预后78.对于感觉障碍患者的护理不宜采取的措施是: A床褥平整柔软 B床上忌放锐具 C定时翻身拍背 D早期知觉训练 E用热水袋保暖79判断机体酸碱平衡的最基本指标是：ApH BHCO3- CCO2CP DBE EPaCO280对急性消化道失液的病人，医嘱有下列液体，应首先输入的是：A5%葡萄糖盐水 B5%葡萄糖液 C10%葡萄糖液 D右旋糖酐 E5%碳酸氢钠81观察休克患者时，下列哪项是反映组织灌流量最简单有效的指标：A血压 B脉搏 C神志 D尿量 E肢端温度82患者,男，严重创伤后血压降低，脉搏细速,面色苍白，诊断为休克。治疗时重点应注意：A急性肾功能衰竭的发生 B及时扩充血容量 C及时使用甘露醇D避免使用血管收缩药 E药物对各脏器的毒性83手术前期是指：A病人患病至手术前 B术前3天 C术前2天D决定手术治疗起至进入手术室时止 E送手术通知单至手术时84清点器械、敷料、缝针等应在：A胸、腹腔及深部手术关闭前 B手术开始前 C手术进行中D手术结束后 E手术开始前和胸、腹腔及深部手术关闭前85要素饮食护理，错误的是：A要素饮食配置后要在室温下保存 B要素饮食配置后要在24h内用完C由小量、低浓度、低速度开始输入 D每日冲洗管饲导管2次E观察有无水、电解质紊乱发生86刘某，女，左小腿有10cm5cm的肉芽组织水肿伤面，换药时，选用的湿敷药液是：A等渗盐水 B0.02%呋喃西林 C0.1%雷佛奴尔D硼酸溶液（优琐溶液） E5%10%盐水87某男，20岁头颈及胸腹部烧伤，其烧伤面积是：A18% B22% C25% D30% E35%88肿瘤病人化疗或放疗期间，最主要的观察项目是：A脱发程度 B食欲不振 C恶心呕吐 D皮肤损害 E血白细胞和血小板计数89乳癌早期的主要临床特征为：A橘皮样改变 B无痛性肿块 C乳头溢血 D乳头内陷 E同侧腋窝淋巴结肿大粘连90某男，20岁。腹部撞击伤2小时后出现面色苍白，脉细弱120次/分，血压9.3/6.7kPa（70/50mmHg）。意识清，全腹腹膜刺激征，腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血液，诊断可能是：A胃破裂 B腹壁血肿 C肝、脾破裂 D小肠破裂 E胆囊破裂91 钱某，女，48岁，主诉：卵圆窝处有胀痛感，站立时卵圆窝处有半球形肿块，可回纳，诊