全新版大学英语综合教程第一册教案Unit1.doc

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册 UnitOneGrowingup Text A Writing for MyselfLanguagestudy1.offandon:adv.Inanintermittentmanner:sleptoffandonlastnight.2.takehold:tostarttohaveaneffectThefeverwasbeginningtotakehold.3.associate:Toconnectorjointogether;combine;ToconnectinthemindorimaginationassociateonethingwithanotherWeassociateChinawiththeGreetWall.Whatdoyouassociatewithsuchaheavysnow?4.turnout:a.toshutoff:turnedoutthelights.b.toarriveorassemble,asforapubliceventorentertainment:Alargegroupofprotestershaveturnedout.c.Toproduce,asbyamanufacturingprocess;make:anassemblylineturningoutcars.d.Tobefoundtobe,asafterexperienceortrial:Therookieturnedouttobethebesthitterontheteam.e.Toendup;result:Thecaketurned outbeautifully.f.Toequip;outfit:troopsthatwereturnedoutbeautifully.g.InformalTogetoutofbed.h.Toevict;expel:Thetenantswereturnedout.5.agony:Thesufferingofintensephysicalormentalpain.Hislastagonywasover.他临死的挣扎已经过去了。Hewasinanagonyofremorse.他处于极端悔恨之中beinagony苦恼不安deathagony(=agonyofdeath)临死时的痛苦,垂死的挣扎inagonyofpain在痛苦的挣扎中inanagonyof处在极端.状态中6.assign:a.Tosetapartforaparticularpurpose;designate.分派为某一特定目的分开；指派b.Toselectforadutyoroffice;appoint.选派为某项任务或工作选派；委派c.Togiveoutasatask;allot.作为任务分出；分配d.Toascribe;attribute.归于；归属beassignedtoanewpost被派到新的工作岗位assignadayforameeting确定开会日期assignpropertytoanother把财产转让给别人assignonesfailuretoidleness将失败归因于懒惰assignhomework留家庭作业7.anticipate:Toactinadvancesoastoprevent;forestall.Toforeseeandfulfillinadvance.WeanticipategreatpleasurefromourvisittoLondon.Weanticipatehearingfromyouagain.Weanticipatedourcompetitorsbygettingourproductsontothemarketfirst.ardentlyanticipate殷切地期望confidentlyanticipate满怀信心地期望anticipatesbsarrivalwithmuchpleasure万分高兴地期待某人的到来。Amanwhoalwaysanticipateshisincomecanneversaveorbecomerich.总是预支工资,寅吃卯粮的人,永远不能储蓄或成为富人。Hetriedtoanticipateallmyneeds.他设法将我需要的东西预先准备好。expect,anticipate,hope,awaitTheseverbsarerelatedinvariouswaystotheideaoflookingaheadtosomethinginthefuture.Toexpectistolookforwardtothelikelyoccurrenceorappearanceofsomeoneorsomething: You canexpectusforlunch.你可以等我们一起吃午饭。“Weshouldnotexpectsomethingfornothing-butwealldoandcallitHope”(EdgarW.Howe).“我们不应期待收获而不付出-相反我们应去做并称之为希望”（埃德加何奥）。Anticipateissometimesusedasasynonymofexpect,butusuallyitinvolvesmorethan expectation.Sometimesitreferstotakingadvanceaction,astoforestallorpreventtheoccurrenceofsomethingexpectedortomeetawishorrequestbeforeitisarticulated:Anticipate有时被用作expect的同义词，但通常它不仅仅是期望这个意思，有时它指提前采取行动，来阻止预料中某事的发生或在一项要求或愿望说出之前使它得到满足： anticipatedtheattackandlockedthegates;预见会有袭击并锁上门；anticipatingherdesires.预先满足她的愿望。Thetermcanalsorefertohavingaforetasteofsomethingexpectedbeforeitsoccurrence:这个词也指在预料中某物的出现前就已拥有：anticipatetrouble.过早陷入麻烦。Tohopeistolookforwardwithdesireandusuallywithameasureofconfidenceinthelikelihood ofgainingwhatisdesired:Hope意思是热切期望并对获得所期待之物的可能性方面有一定的信心：Ihopetoseeyousoon.我希望不久就见到你。Hopeforthebest,butexpecttheworst.做最大的希望，但也等待最大的失望。Toawaitistowaitinexpectationof;itimpliescertainty:Await意思是满怀期望的等待；暗含肯定性：eagerlyawaitingyourletter.热切等待你的来信。8.tedious:Tiresomebyreasonoflength,slowness,ordullness;boring.atediousstory冗长乏味的故事tediouswork乏味的工作boring,monotonous,tedious,irksome,tiresome,humdrum.Theseadjectivesrefertowhatissolackingininterestastocausementalweariness.Boringimpliesfeelingsoflistlessnessanddiscontent:Ihadexpectedthebooktobeboring,butonthecontraryitwasfascinating.Whatismonotonousboresbecauseoflackofvariety:表示monotonous的东西令人厌烦是因为缺少变化.“Thereisnothingsodesperatelymonotonousasthesea”(JamesRussellLowell).“没有东西更象大海一样单调到让人绝望了”（詹姆士罗素洛威尔）。Tedioussuggestsdullslownessorlong-windedness:tedious说明令人乏味的缓慢或漫长的曲折Whenwetravelfromcoasttocoast,wetakeaplanetoavoidspendingtediousdaysonthetrain. 当从一个海滨旅行到另一个海滨时，我们乘坐飞机以避免在火车上打发无聊时光。Irksomedescribeswhatisdemandingoftimeandeffortandyetisdullandoftenunrewarding: Irksome指需要时间和努力，然而是单调而且通常是没有回报的：“Iknowandfeelwhatanirksometaskthewritingoflonglettersis”(EdmundBurke).“我知道也感到写长信是一件多么令人烦恼的任务”（埃德蒙布克）。Somethingtiresomefatiguesbecauseitseemstobeinterminableortobemarkedby unremitting sameness:tiresome的东西令人厌倦是因为它看起来无穷无尽或毫无变化：“Whatatiresomebeingisamanwhoisfondoftalking?”(BenjaminJowett).“夸夸其谈的人多么令人讨厌”（本杰明乔维特）。Humdrumreferstowhatiscommonplace,trivial,orunexcitinglyroutine:Humdrum指陈腐、琐碎和无趣平凡的东西：Sheledahumdrumexistence-allworkandnoplay.她过着相当单调的生活只有工作，没有玩乐。9.reputation:Thegeneralestimationinwhichapersonisheldbythepublic;The state or situation of being heldinhighesteem.;Aspecificcharacteristicortraitascribedtoapersonorthingamanofnoreputation默默无闻的人;没有声望的人apersonofreputation有信誉的人,体面的人buildupareputation博得名声ablotsmirch,stainononesreputation名誉上的污点haveagoodbadreputation名誉好坏haveareputationforsth.(=havethereputationof)因.而著名,以.闻名liveuptoonesreputation不负盛名;名副其实loseruinonesreputation名誉扫地makeanevilreputationforoneself弄得声名狼藉ofgreatgood,highreputation很有声望的,享有盛名的ofnoreputation声名狼藉的ofreputation有名望的10.inspire:Tofillwithenliveningorexaltingemotion:inspireanewthoughtintosb.将新思想灌输给某人inspiresb. withcourage鼓起某人的勇气inspiresth.insb.使某人产生某种感情;激发某人的某种感情inspiresb.withsth.使某人产生某种感情;激发某人的某种感情osb.把某种思想灌输给某人11.formal:stifflyceremoniousaformalmanner;aformalgreeting;aformalbowtothemonarch.12.rigid:notflexibleorpliant;stiff.rigidinonesviews意志坚定rigiddiscipline严格的训练rigidadherencetorules严守规则13.outofdate:nolongeruseful,correctorfashionableoutofdatetheoriesoneducationTheinformationinlastyearstouristguideisalreadyoutofdate.14.severe:veryserious;graveorgrievous:severementalillness.Severe,sternandstrict:Theseadjectivesmeanunsparingandexactingwithrespecttodisciplineorcontrol.Severeimpliesadherencetorigorousstandardsorhighprinciples;the term oftensuggeststheimpositionofharshconditions:“Praiseorblamehasbutamomentaryeffectonthemanwhoseloveofbeautyintheabstractmakeshimaseverecriticonhisownworks”(JohnKeats).“赞扬或指责对这个人只有瞬间效应，对抽象美的热爱使他对自己的作品严加批判（约翰凯兹）。Sternsuggestsunyieldingdisposition,uncompromisingresolution,orforbidding appearance or nature:Stern指强硬的处理、不妥协的决定或冷峻的外表或气质：“thoughtherhusbandamanfatallysternandimplacable”(GeorgeMeredith).“认为她丈夫是一个极端严厉而且毫不容情的人”（乔治马里蒂斯）。Strictmeansrequiringorshowingstringentobservanceofobligations,rules,orstandards:“有计划地克制“做”某事，没有别的理由只因你最好别做它”（威廉杰姆森）。Strict指要求或显示严格遵守义务、规则或标准：“Hecouldnotbeseverenorevenpassablystrict”(W.H.Hudson).“他根本不能做到严厉，甚至连稍稍严格一点都做不到”(W.H.N哈德森)15.comic:characteristicoforhavingtodowithcomedy.Oforrelatingtocomicstrips.Amusing;humorous:icopera喜歌剧comicrelief(悲剧中穿插的以宽松观众情绪的)喜剧性镜头comicbook美连环图画杂志comicpaper报纸的连环图画版comicstrip连环图画tragic(来自希腊语tragikos).adj悲剧的；悲惨的；不幸的 atragicaccident不幸的事故16.antique:Anobjecthavingspecialvaluebecauseofitsage,especiallyadomesticitemorpiece offurnitureorhandicraftesteemedforitsartistry,beauty,orperiodoforigin.Theantiqueisafake.那古董是一件赝品。anantiquedealer古董商17.tackle:trytodealwith;Totakeonandwrestlewith(anopponentoraproblem,forexample).Everyonehashisproblemtotackle.Thepolicemantackledthethief.tacklesb.abouton,oversth.18.distribute:todeliverorpassoutdistributebooksamongthestudentsbedistributedintothreeclassesdistributeseedsoverafielddistribute.over.配给到分配到,散布于.distributesth.to把某物分配,发给.distributesth.among把某物分配,发给.distribute,dispense,divide,allocate都含“分配”的意思。distribute指“将某物分成一定的部分或数量，通常各份的数量不一定相等，然后分给某些人或地方”，如：distributeleaflets分发传单。Inthe19thcenturythegovernmentdistributedlandtosettlerswillingtocultivateit.Divide impliesgivingoutportions,oftenequal,onthebasisofaplanorpurpose. 在19世纪，政府将土地分发给愿意耕种的定居者。dispensestressesthecarefuldeterminationofportions,oftenaccordingtomeasurementor weight:Dispense强调根据测理或称重对所分的份额，认真作出决定：dispensingmedication配药；Dispense指“分配给一群人中每个人应得的份,如：Theydispensednewclothestothechildrenintheorphanage.divide指“把整体分为若干部分”Divide表示根据计划或目的进行按份额分发，常是平等的：如:Theestatewillbedividedamongtheheirs.divideitintotwoallocate指“分配一定数量的财物或任务给某些人、单位或事业等”，如:Weveallocatedasumofmoneytoeducation.我们已经拨出了一笔教育经费。18.faceupto:toacceptanddealwithanunpleasantfactorproblem大胆面向：Shemustfaceuptothefactthatsheisnolongeryoung.她必须正视她已不再年轻这一事实。 Theyllneverofferyouanotherjob;youmightaswellfaceuptoit.19.sequence:Afollowingofonethingafteranother;succession.asequenceofbumperharvests连续的大丰收inhistoricalalphabeticalsequence按历史字母顺序thesequenceoftenses【语】时态的呼应20.argument:Adiscussioninwhichdisagreementisexpressed;adebate.Aquarrel;adispute.Itisbeyondargumentthat.是无可争辩的,不容争辩的是.Argument,dispute,controversyThesenounsdenotediscussioninvolvingconflictingpointsofview.Argumentstressestheadvancementbyeachsideoffactsandreasonsbuttressingitscontentionandintendedtopersuadetheotherside: Emotionsareseldomswayedbyargument.情绪很少受论证的影响。Disputestressesdivisionofopinionbyitsimplicationofcontradictorypointsofview and often impliesanimosity:Dispute强调由于涉及相互矛盾的观点而导致意见上的分歧，常常暗含敌意：Adisputearoseamongunionmembersaboutthetermsofthenewcontract.工会会员们在新合同的条款方面产生争执。Controversyisespeciallyapplicabletomajordifferencesofopinioninvolvinglargegroupsofpeopleratherthanindividuals:Controversy尤其用来指大批人，而非个别人在观点上存在的分歧：Theuseofnuclearpoweristhesubjectofwidespreadcontroversy.使用核武力是一个会引起广泛争议的问题。21.recapture:bringbackintothemind;experienceagain.recaptureapositionfromtheenemy从敌人手中夺回阵地recapturethepast回忆过去;使过去再现22.violate:actagainstviolatealaw violatesleep violatesb.sprivacyThesoldiersviolatedthechurchbyusingitasastable.士兵们把教堂当马厩用而亵渎了它。ThesoundofgunsviolatedtheusualcalmofSundaymorning.炮声破坏了平常星期日早晨的宁静。23.compose:writeorcreate(music,poetry,etc.);Tomakeuptheconstituentpartsof;constitute or form:anexhibitcomposedofFrenchpaintings;themanyethnicgroupsthatcomposeournation. compose,consistof,comprise,constitute这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”。compose在表示“由材料构成”时，见于被动语态；在用于主动语态时，一般它所表示的“构成”或“组成”总包含着融合为一，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。Concreteiscomposedofcement,sandandgravelmixedwithwater.混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。Merefacts,badlystated,donotcomposeagoodbook.consistof的含义与被动语态的compose相同Thoughthecostumeconsistsonlyofasheet,prise在表