人体运动学-肌肉动力学分析ppt课件.ppt

人体运动学 功能性活动分析 kinesiologyapplicationinfunctionalactivities 周晶南方医科大学康复医学院 1 kinesiology 2 Purposeofstudyingclinicalkinesiology Thepurposeofstudyingclinicalkinesiologyistounderstandtheforcesactingonthehumanbodyandtomanipulatetheseforcesintreatmentproceduressothathumanperformancemaybeimprovedandfurtherinjurymaybeprevented了解动作了解作用在人体的力量优化运动效能避免和预防运动损伤 3 Reference 4 PlanesofMotion TransversePlane YZplane FrontalPlane XYplane SagittalPlane XZplane Cardinalplanesofmotion 5 NamingMovementsatJoints 6 7 8 9 Specialcases ThumbPronation supinationHipmed latrotationwithhipflexion 10 Kinematicchain kinematicchain aseriesofconnectedsegmentlinksopenkinematicchainmotion开链运动thejointmotionwiththedistalsegmentmovesfreeinspace e g raisinglowerlegorthrowingaballclosedkinematicchainmotion闭链运动thejointmotionwiththedistalsegmentisfixed e g standinguporsquattingdown 11 Whatkindofkinematicchainisperformedas chin up 引體向上 one leggedsquatting 12 BasicArthrokinematicJointMotions 1 rollingorrocking 2 slidingorgliding 3 spinning 13 ApplicationofHumanMotionMeasureandAnalysisSystem 14 使用人體動作量測分析系統的目的人體動作量測分析系統進階人體動作分析 人體動作分析模擬系統人體動作分析系統之應用步態分析 gaitanalysis 平衡訓練輔具科技下背痛分析運動器材體育技術 15 使用動作量測分析系統的目的 了解人體動作 肢幹間的相關性運動學 動力學參數設計 提升與評估人體運動 手工具 運動器材與醫療輔具等的功能與成效 16 動作量測分析系統包含 動作量測分析系統電子量角器 electrogoniometer 力量感測器 Loadcell 動作擷取系統 Vicon 測力板 AMTI 肌電訊號 EMG 加速規 Accelerometer 資料收集盒 Datalogger 17 電子量角器 electrogoniometer 18 力量感測器 Loadcell 19 力量感測器 Loadcell 20 動作分析系統 21 1 動作擷取系統 Vicon Vicon460 Ploygon 22 23 2 測力板 AMTI 24 測力板 CoP 25 3 肌電訊號 EMG 26 動作量測分析系統電子量角器 electrogoniometer 力量感測器 Loadcell 動作擷取系統 Vicon 測力板 AMTI 肌電訊號 EMG 加速規 Accelerometer 資料收集盒 Datalogger 關節角度外力肢段空間位置地面反作用力肌電訊號加速度資料收集 27 28 人体功效学之人体模拟系统 29 30 31 20cm 50 8cm 42Kg 25Kg 32 25Kg 42Kg 10cm 39cm 33 34 动作分析的应用 35 Gaitanalysis 36 平衡訓練 37 38 39 Bicycleanalysis Hipmoment1500N mmKneemoment2400N mmQudriceps4500N Bicepsfemoris1500NGluteus3000NTibialisanterior2800NGastroneminus1600N 40 moreJoy Safety 41 moreFun Lark 42 forGoodorBad 43 Treadmill 44 45 46 高爾夫 47 48 人体功效改善對策 49 人因工程改善對策 使用臂力人 配瓶口夾鈎 50 51 52 53 54 55 outline mobilityoccupationalanddailyactivities 56 Threeelements thefirst identifiesthesequenceofactivitiesperformedfromthestarttothecompletionoftheactivitythesecond presentsadescriptionofthejointmovementsthroughouttheactivitythethird distinguishesthemusclesandhowtheyfunctiontoproducethejointmovementstosuccessfullyperformtheactivities 57 Mobility 58 Floormobility rolling RollingDevelopmentaldirection nonsegmental segmentalSupinetopronemoreindividualvariationmoredifficultthanpronetosupine 59 60 Supinetoprone Rolltotheright 1 leftupperextremityreachingtotherightShoulderflexionanteriordeltoid三角肌前侧 ofpectoralismajor胸大肌Horizontaladduction水平位的内收posteriordeltoid eccentriccontraction离心收缩afterpassingthemidline 61 Scapulaprotraction肩胛骨前伸 Serratusanterior前锯肌 upper lowertrapezius斜方肌Elbowextension Triceps肱三头肌Forearmpronation前臂旋前pronatorquadratus pronatorteres旋前方肌旋前圆肌Wristinneutralorslightextension腕关节中立位微微伸展Extensorscarpiradialislongus brevis 桡侧腕伸肌 extensorcarpiulnaris 尺侧腕伸肌 62 Fingerandthumbextensionextensordigitorum指伸肌Abduction dorsalinterossei背侧骨间肌Rotatorcuff肩袖musclesstabilizeheadofthehumerusduringarmmotionRightU EShoulderextension肩关节伸展 scapularretraction肩胛骨后缩 forearminmidposition前臂中立位 wristandfingerextension手腕伸展 63 head Neckrotation lateralflexiontotherightleftstemocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌 rightscalene 斜角肌 Flexionincreasedasthemovementproceeds 64 3 trunkflexionandrotationtotherightFlexion rectusabdominus腹直肌Rotation lateralrotationrightinternalabdominaloblique腹内斜肌 leftexternalabdominaloblique腹外斜肌4 leftpelvisForwardrotation lefthipflexion adduction leftkneeflexion footpushingoffthefloor 65 5 rightlowerlimbinextension6 weightbearingonrightsideofthebody7 weightshifttoleftarm rightarmmovefrombeneaththebody rightshoulderflexion scapularupwardrotation elbowextension forearmpronation wristandhandextensiontopushintofloor 66 Occupationalanddailyactivities 67 Liftingtasks 68 Head trunk pelvisaremaintainedinmidlinealignmentthroughouttheactivityCocontractionofanteriorandposteriormusclesneckflexors SCM scalenes斜角肌 v s extensorserectorspinae 竖棘肌 v s abdominalmuscles腹肌transverseabdominisv s multifiduspelvisandlumbarspineinneutralpositionTorsoismovedbyhipinsteadoftrunkmotion 69 Preparationphasepriortolifting testtheobjecttobeliftedtogetanideaofitsweightestablishwidebaseofsupportandstandingclosetotheobjecthipabduction gluteusmediusandminimus 臀中肌 臀小肌 TFL sartorius 缝匠肌 laterallyrotation 45 gluteusmaximus 臀大肌 deeplateralrotators sartorius 缝匠肌 70 Moveintoasquat Spinalposition erectorspinae isometriccontraction Lumberstabilization abdominalsHipflexion 90 throughoutpreparationphasegluteusmaximusandhamstrings eccentriccontraction furtherflexestomovetorsooverboxKneeflexion quadriceps eccentriccontraction Ankledorsiflexion gastrocnemius soleus eccentriccontraction controltibiamovingforwardoverthefootintodorsiflexion 71 ReachandgrasptheobjectShoulderflexion anteriordeltoid 三角肌前部 pectoralismajor胸大肌 clavicularportion锁骨头 midwaybetweenmedialandlateralrotation subscapularis infraspinatus冈下肌 teresminor anteriordeltoidElbowextension contractionoftricepsandelbowflexors brachialis肱 brachioradialis肱桡 biceps 72 ForearminmidpositionHandpowergraspwristextension functionalpositioncontractionbetweenwristextensorsandfingerflexorsfingersandthumbfullextensionandabduction fullflexionandadduction palmarinterossei thumbflexionandabduction flexorpolicisandpollocisadductor 73 LiftingphaseU EsettoaccepttheweightisometriccontractionofmusclesactivatesinpreparationphaseTrunkextensionHipextension concentriccontractionofgluteusmaximusandhamstringsabductionlateralrotationKneeextensionconcentriccontractionofquadriceps 74 Householdtasks vacuuming 75 Apush pullactivityusingU EtoserveasthedeliveryofL EforcesonlyU Eipsilateral 身体同侧的 tofrontlegisuesedTandemstance onelegaheadoftheotherProcedureweighttransferstofrontleg kneeflexion pushingofffrombackleg shoulderflexion elbowextensionweightpushed kneeextension fromfrontlegtobackleg shoulderextension elbowflexion 76 Head neckandtrunk neutralposition slightrotationtotheright inthisillustration erectorspinaeandabdominaltrunkextensionandlumbarstabilizationinuprightL texternalabdominalobiliques R tinternalabdominalobliques 77 Pelvis gluteusmedius bothlegs maintainalevelpelvisandshiftweightfromonelegtotheother 78 L E bothlegsareinabductionankleneutraltoeversionKnee Quadricpes 股四头肌 inallpha